Minimally invasive patent ductus arteriosus occlusion in 5 dogs

OBJECTIVE: To report a technique for minimally invasive occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and outcome in 5 dogs. STUDY DESIGN: Clinical cases. Animals: Five, 4-6-month-old, dogs with PDA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Titanium ligating clips were used for PDA closure in all dogs. Three dogs had video-enhanced mini-thoracotomy PDA occlusion. Two other dogs had thoracoscopic PDA occlusion using a custom-designed thoracoscopy clip applicator. RESULTS: Thoracoscopic PDA occlusion was successful in both dogs in which it was attempted. Complete PDA closure was achieved in 4 dogs. Three months after surgery, the largest dog had residual ductal flow that hemodynamically was insignificant. CONCLUSIONS: Although technically demanding, minimally invasive PDA occlusion is a safe and reliable technique in dogs. Preoperative measurement of the diameter of the PDA is crucial to determine if complete closure with metal clips can be achieved. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Minimally invasive PDA occlusion should be considered as an alternative to occlusion via conventional thoracotomy.     

飞机草的危害及防治措施简介

飞机草Eupatorium odoratum是一种有毒、侵占性极强的检疫性杂草,广泛分布于南美洲、亚洲、非洲、澳洲30多个国家的热带地区,目前已侵入我国南方各省并肆孽成灾。它侵占林地、草场、农田,危害农、林、牧业,危及人、畜健康,严重阻碍社会经济发展。目前国内外防治措施有:机械防治、替代防治、化学防治、生物防治、综合防治等。科技工作者多年的实验表明上述防治方法有一定的效果,为飞机草的防治工作提供了可行性建议。     

利用蚕豆根尖微核试验研究入侵植物胜红蓟的化感作用潜力

[目的]研究入侵植物胜红蓟(Ageratum conyzoides Linn.)的化感作用潜力。[方法]运用蚕豆(Vicia fabaL.)根尖细胞微核试验研究入侵植物胜红蓟叶、茎、花以及地上部分(除去根以外的植物体,下同)水浸提液的化感效应。[结果]胜红蓟水浸提液具有较强的遗传毒性。在叶、茎、花和地上部分水浸提液作用下,蚕豆根尖细胞有丝分裂指数下降,微核率升高,细胞中出现了微核、染色体桥、染色体环等多种染色体畸变,胜红蓟水浸提液对蚕豆根尖的影响存在显著的浓度效应。胜红蓟叶、茎、花和地上部分的整体效应为叶>茎>花>地上部分,与地上部分相比三部位之间的化感作用潜力不存在简单加和作用,但仍以叶片效应最强。[结论]叶片具有最高的化感作用潜力。     

不同碳氮源对青海春油菜菌核病菌菌丝生长及菌核形成的影响

[目的]探讨油菜菌核病菌在外源营养条件下的生物学特性。[方法]以青海高原春油菜菌核病菌为材料,研究了不同碳源和氮源及不同pH对该病菌菌丝生长和菌核形成的影响。[结果]适宜该菌核病菌菌丝生长和菌核形成的碳源分别为可溶性淀粉和果糖,氮源分别为柠檬酸铵和硫酸铵,碳氮比为30∶1,pH范围为6.0～7.0。[结论]为控制和防治油菜菌核病提供了理论依据。     

河南省农村居民家庭收入和消费的因子分析

运用多元统计分析中的因子分析方法,借助于SPSS统计软件,对2010年全国31个省(市)的农村居民家庭收入和消费数据进行了因子分析,将河南省与其他省份的因子分析结果进行了比较,指出河南省农村非农产业存在发展水平较低、农村居民收入来源单一、消费水平低等问题。针对这些问题,提出增加农村居民的外部收入,改变农村居民消费观念等对策建议。     

Aerosol delivery of trail pheromone disrupts the foraging of the red imported fire ant,Solenopsis invicta

BACKGROUND: The fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, is one of the most aggressive and invasive species in the world. The trail pheromone Z,E‐α‐farnesene (91% purity) was prepared, and disruption of worker trail orientation was tested using an ethanol‐based aerosol formulation presenting a single puff of this compound by airbrush and compressed air. Trail‐following behaviour was recorded by overhead webcam and ants digitised before and after presentation of the aerosol treatment at four rates (1.6, 16, 160 and 1600 ng cm^?2). RESULTS: Ants preferred 110 ng cm^?1 over 11, 1.1 and 0.11 ng cm^?1 for trail following. Within seconds of presentation of 1600 ng cm^?2, the highest dose tested, trail disruption was observed. Disruption was evident as reduced arrival success and reduction in the trail integrity statistic (r²), as well as increased deviation from the trail (deg). The distribution of walking track angles was also flattened. CONCLUSIONS: The feasibility of using aerosol for delivery of trail pheromone was demonstrated, but the need for high purity combined with the difficulty of commercial supply makes this technique impractical. However, the commercial production of Z,E‐α‐farnesene of high purity by industrial biotechnology or from (E)‐nerolidol may be possible in future, which would facilitate further development of trail pheromone disruption of S. invicta. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

Agreement between direct, oscillometric and Doppler ultrasound blood pressures using three different cuff positions in anesthetized dogs

ObjectiveTo evaluate the agreement between invasive blood pressure (IBP) and Doppler ultrasound blood pressure (DUBP) using three cuff positions and oscillometric blood pressure (OBP) in anesthetized dogs.Study designProspective study.AnimalsNine adult dogs weighing 14.5–29.5 kg.MethodsThe cuff was placed above and below the tarsus, and above the carpus with the DUBP and above the carpus with the OBP monitor. Based on IBP recorded via a dorsal pedal artery catheter, conditions of low, normal, and high systolic arterial pressures [SAP (mmHg) <90, between 90 and 140, and >140, respectively] were induced by changes in isoflurane concentrations and/or dopamine administration. Mean biases ± 2 SD (limits of agreement) were determined.ResultsAt high blood pressures, regardless of cuff position, SAP determinations with the DUBP underestimated invasive SAP values by more than 20 mmHg in most instances. With the DUBP, cuff placement above the tarsus yielded better agreement with invasive SAP during low blood pressures (0.2 ± 16 mmHg). The OBP underestimated SAP during high blood pressures (?42 ± 42 mmHg) and yielded better agreement with IBP for mean (MAP) and diastolic (DAP) arterial pressure measurements [overall bias: 2 ± 15 mmHg (MAP) and 0.2 ± 16 mmHg (DAP)].ConclusionsAgreement of SAP determinations with the DUBP is poor at SAP > 140 mmHg, regardless of cuff placement. Measurement error of the DUBP with the cuff placed above the tarsus is clinically acceptable during low blood pressures. Agreement of MAP and DAP measurements with this OBP monitor compared with IBP was clinically acceptable over a wide pressure range.Clinical relevanceWith the DUBP device, placing the cuff above the tarsus allows reasonable agreement with IBP obtained via dorsal pedal artery catheterization. Only MAP and DAP provide reasonable estimates of direct blood pressure with the OBP monitor evaluated.     

Forest utilization patterns and socio-economic status of the Van Gujjar tribe in sub-Himalayan tracts of Uttarakhand, India

The present study was conducted on the Van Gujjar tribe inhabiting a sub-Himalayan tract in the North Western Himalayas of Uttarakhand State,India.The Van Gujjars have been practicing transmigration over hundreds of years.They migrate each year with their households and livestock between summer and winter pastures.A few years ago with the announcement of the establishment of the Rajaji National Park,the tribe has been forced out of the forest area and rehabilitated outside the park,which has affected their lifestyle.The newly established rehabilitation colony in the Gandikhata area of Haridwar District of Uttarakhand State was taken as a case study.The aims of the present study were to understand and evaluate the socio-economic status of the Van Gujjars in their newly established rehabilitation colony,the utilization pattern of forest resources by the tribe and their relative preference for selective trees for various uses.A total of 176 households were interviewed (giving equal weight to all economic classes and family every size) by using pre-structured questionnaires.The education level was very low (12.9%) and the average income per household was recorded as Rs.36000 (approximately $ 803) per year.The major source of income was dairy production (80.6%) followed by labor employment (13.9%),NTFPs (4.2%) and agricultural production (1.4%).More than 90% of fuel wood and fodder is extracted from the forest.The average fuel wood and fodder consumptions per household per day were recorded as 25.86 and 21.58 kg,respectively.A total of 35 species of cultivated plants and 89 species of wild plants were found to be utilized as food sources.Selectively 25 wild tree species are well known as being used by the Van Gujjars as fodder,fuel wood,agricultural implements,household articles,dye,medicine,fiber and other products.According to their utility value,the most preferred and useful tree species is Ougeinia oojeinensis,followed by Terminalia alata,Bombax ceiba,Shorea robusta and Dalbergia sissoo.     

长乐市外来入侵植物与树种替代对策

采用踏查和标准地方法,调查长乐市不同生境的外来入侵植物种类组成、分布规律、主要危害,结果表明,长乐市已归化或逸生的外来入侵植物有46种,隶属23科43属,木本9种,藤本2种,草本35种。并探讨外来入侵植物清除方案和树种替代对策,以期为当地生物多样性保护及营造林生产提供参考。