基于APSIM模型的旱地春玉米施肥类型及氮肥用量研究

为探究玉米高产和减少硝态氮残留的合理施肥模式,通过山西寿阳旱地春玉米田间试验和APSIM模型模拟,研究不同施肥类型和施氮量对春玉米产量、硝态氮残留量和氮肥利用率的影响。田间试验设置3个施肥类型主处理,包括化肥单施、有机无机肥配施（配施比例1∶1）和有机肥单施;7个施肥梯度副处理,分别为0、50、100、150、200、250、300 kg·hm^-2,并利用2019—2021年试验站点数据对模型进行校准验证。结果表明：APSIM模型可以较好地模拟当地玉米产量和硝态氮残留量状况。各降水年型下,随氮肥施用量的增加,玉米产量先增加后减少,硝态氮残留量显著增加,氮肥利用率有所降低;相同施肥类型及施肥量下,丰水年的春玉米作物产量最高,硝态氮残留量最低,氮肥利用率最高;相同降水年型及施肥量下,有机无机肥配施方式的春玉米产量最高,硝态氮残留量居中,氮肥利用率最高。相较于化肥单施和有机肥单施方式,有机无机肥配施对于干旱地区玉米产量提升效果更好,其土壤硝态氮残留量对降水变化的敏感性相对较低,其氮肥利用率受降水影响也更小。综上,当施氮量介于148~168 kg·hm^-2时,有机无机肥配施方式下土壤硝态氮残留量维持在阈值内,春玉米产量可达到理论产量的95%左右,适宜在研究区域推广应用。     

甘肃陇南市核桃病害调查及重要病害综合防治

[目的]为明确甘肃陇南地区核桃病害种类及重要病害的病原、为害特点、发生规律及综合防治策略[方法]通过采用踏查和五点取样对8县1区核桃主产区进行调查.[结果]发现为害核桃的病害8种,其中黑斑病、炭疽病、褐斑病和膏药病4种发生程度为重度.并对引起4种重要病害的病原、为害特点、发生规律及综合防控技术做了阐述.[结论]以期实现...     

基于SSH框架的图书管理系统设计

SSH架构能够降低系统代码的耦合性,提高系统的维护性和扩展性,是当前比较流行的3种框架,本文以图书管理系统的开发为导线,给出开发中实现三者集成的方法步骤。     

Difference in factors explaining growth rate variability in European eel subpopulations: the possible role of habitat carrying capacity

As a key parameter in the management of fish populations, individual growth rate (GR) variations were examined in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla; > 150 mm) using extensive mark–recapture surveys in the lotic habitats of two small rivers of western France: the Frémur, supposed to be saturated, and at the same latitude, the Oir with densities fivefold lower than those of the Frémur. In both systems, generalised linear models were used to test whether spatiotemporal factors such as dominant habitat type or local density affect GR variability. In the presumed unsaturated system, the Oir, GR variability is mainly explained by a set of habitat suitability drivers (density, dominant habitat type). In the Frémur, GRs appear independent of differences in habitat density or productivity. Below saturation, an increase in density will decrease the GR through intraspecific competition. At saturation, intraspecific competition reaches such high levels that regardless of eel density and productivity, the resources available by individual are similar throughout the system. In these circumstances, the effect of density on growth was presumed undetectable. Despite these contrasted results, mean GRs observed in both catchments were closed (~20 mm·year^?1). This is an unexpected result as GR is expected to be higher in unsaturated systems. This similarity could be explained by the difference between the two systems in terms of: (i) sex ratio (the Frémur is dominated by male, whereas the female is dominant in the Oir), (ii) habitat type distribution or (iii) possible interspecific competition (important salmonid populations in the Oir).     

镇安县栗炭疽病发生规律及综合防治技术研究

栗炭疽病是陕西镇安栗树的主要病害之一。试验研究表明,根据该病发生规律,在抓好农业防治的基础上,采用农业防治与药剂防治相结合的综合防治技术,防治效果显著。     

川化-018在水稻白叶枯病综防中的应用

1982—1984年在安徽进行的研究表明,川化-018用于秧苗处理预防白叶枯病最为经济有效,纯收益合投资的30倍。早稻和中稻本田用该药喷洒可获得较好的防治和较高的产量,纯收益分别合投资的2.55倍及2.2倍。本田发病中心用该药处理获得满意的效果。因此,在白叶枯病的综防中,对中抗和中感的栽培品种扩大秧苗处理而减少本田防治面积是合理可行的。     

综合防治烟草黄瓜花叶病研究

作者报道了综合措施防治烟草黄瓜花叶病(CMV)的研究结果。结果表明,以营养钵育苗移栽后覆盖地膜措施的防病增产效果好,移栽后46天,防治效果为73.87％,增产54.78％。其原因是,它综合了营养钵育苗移栽缩短感病时间和地膜驱蚜的双重机制。     

Quality versus quantity: spring wheat seed size and seeding rate effects on Avena fatua interference, economic returns and economic thresholds

A 3-year field experiment was conducted at Kalispell, Montana, USA, to investigate the effects of spring wheat seed size and seeding rate on wheat yield loss (YL), economic returns and economic thresholds (ETs), as a function of Avena fatua density. Crop competitive ability increased as wheat seeding rate and seed size increased, with the greatest differences among treatment factors being observed at low weed densities. Both treatment factors decreased spring wheat YL, increasing economic returns during all 3 years of the study despite the higher associated seed costs. Averaged over all other factors, adjusted gross returns (AGR) were 477 and 537$ ha⁻¹ for the low and high seeding rates, while values of 453, 521 and 547$ ha⁻¹ were obtained for the small, bulk and large seed size classes respectively. Weed-free yield potential varied yearly. As yield potential increased, A. fatua competitive effects were more evident and ETs decreased. Nonetheless, both treatment factors increased ETs in 2 of 3 years. These results demonstrate that the use of higher seeding rates and larger seed size classes both improve wheat competitive ability towards A. fatua while simultaneously increasing economic returns.