红景天果皮水提液对5种植物种子的化感作用

以狭叶红景天种子、榆荞种子、樱桃番茄种子、意大利耐抽薹生菜种子和新牛角椒种子为受试材料,研究了狭叶红景天果皮水提液对5种植物的化感作用.结果表明,不同浓度的狭叶红景天果皮水提液对5种植物种子的萌发、胚根及幼苗生长均表现出不同的化感作用影响.其中,对狭叶红景天种子萌发和胚根生长都表现为明显的抑制作用,并且随着处理浓度增高,抑制作用表现越强,但对幼苗的生长却表现出明显的促进生长作用,其中以0.02 g/mL的水浸液处理的狭叶红景天幼苗生长速度最快;对榆荞种子萌发和幼苗生长表现为低浓度促进生长和高浓度抑制生长的作用,而对胚根生长却表现抑制作用,并随着处理浓度的增高,抑制作用也越强;对樱桃番茄和意大利耐抽薹生菜种子的萌发和胚根生长也都表现为明显的抑制作用,对樱桃番茄幼苗的生长影响与榆荞的一致,对意大利耐抽薹生菜幼苗的生长影响与狭叶红景天植物一致;对新牛角椒种子萌发的影响与榆荞种子相同,对其胚根和幼苗生长影响都表现为促进作用,但也存在随着处理浓度增高,其产生的促进生长作用逐渐减弱的现象.     

割草机器人工作原理及试验研究—基于GPS/DR组合导航系统

随着国民经济不断发展,我国人民生活水平不断提升,多种人工作业逐渐被机器所取代。GPS/DR组合导航系统能够有效提升割草机器人定位精度,克服传统割草机器人固有弊端,提高工作效率。为此,对GPS/DR组合导航系统原理展开了分析,进行了GPS/DR组合导航系统割草机器人研究,并进行了相关试验研究,验证了GPS/DR组合导航系统割草机器人相对于传统割草机器人的优势。     

河套灌区套种模式下综合作物系数的试验研究

依据FAO56作物需水量指南提供的作物系数计算方法,分别计算了内蒙古河套灌区磴口试验站小麦套种覆膜玉米、小麦套种未覆膜玉米、小麦套种油料向日葵3种套种模式下的综合单、双值作物系数。结果表明,3种套种模式下的作物在全生育期内均可迎来2次综合需水高峰;共生阶段的作物系数,单值方法高于双值方法的计算结果,而单一作物独立生长阶段,双值方法高于单值方法的计算结果;无论单值计算还是双值计算的套种作物田间综合ET,当单一作物处于独立生长期时差别不大,而2种作物共同生育阶段的差别较大;将3种作物在套种模式下的生育阶段划分的更加详细并分别命名,为套种模式下作物蒸散量提供更准确的计算依据。     

扬州市稻田高效种养模式应用现状及发展对策

近年来,扬州市根据国家农业供给侧结构性调整要求,充分利用自然资源禀赋,开展了多种形式稻田种养模式的示范与推广。本文阐述了扬州市稻鸭共作、稻虾共作以及稻田改作荷藕-虾共作等高效种养模式的应用现状,以单纯种稻为对照,比较了各种模式的生产效益;分析了稻田高效种养模式示范推广过程中存在的主要问题,并提出了促进稻田高效种养模式可持续发展的若干对策。     

Genetic analysis of resistance to spot blotch disease in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Zambia

Understanding the genetics of resistance to spot blotch disease, caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoem, is important to design an appropriate breeding strategy to improve the trait. The objective of this study was to determine the gene action and mode of inheritance of resistance to spot blotch in wheat. Eight genotypes with varying resistance to the disease were crossed in a full diallel mating design. Parents and their progenies were evaluated for spot blotch resistance. Data were analyzed using Hayman’s diallel analysis. The results suggested the importance of additive gene effects in controlling the resistance to spot blotch in the materials under study. No epistasis, maternal, or reciprocal effects were detected. Resistance to spot blotch exhibited partial dominance. Therefore, exercising selection for resistance in the early segregating generation should be an effective approach because of the predominance of additive gene effects. The Wr/Vr graph showed that the parents 30SAWSN5 (P3) and Coucal (P4) possessed more dominant genes, which makes them particularly suitable for inclusion in breeding for resistance to spot blotch.     

Selection of soybean elite cultivars based on phenotypic and genomic characters related to lodging tolerance

Soybean lodging can result in serious yield reduction. Detecting the quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with lodging tolerance for their further application in marker‐assisted selection (MAS) has the potential to enhance soybean breeding efficiency. In this study, a genome‐wide association analysis (GWAS) was performed to identify soybean accessions that could potentially be used to produce lodging‐tolerant varieties, based on the comprehensive evaluation of lodging scores (LS) obtained for the parental cultivar “Tokachi nagaha” and its 137 derived cultivars. Results showed that genotype, environment and genotype × environment interaction significantly influenced LS. Of the 31 significant SNPs identified, 22 were consistently detected in two or more environments and 27 SNPs were located in or close to agronomically important QTL mapped by linkage analysis. Best linear unbiased predictors (BLUPs) of LS tend to decrease with the elite alleles contained by accessions increasing. Some excellent accessions, with lower BLUPs and D_i (stability coefficients) values and more elite alleles, were selected. This study contributed to understand the genetic mechanism of lodging, providing genetic and phenotypic information for MAS.     

Inhibiting soil loss and runoff from small plots induced by an individual freeze-thaw cycle using three rangeland species

This study investigated the role of three rangeland species viz. Agropyron trichophorum, Medicago sativa, and Lolium prenne on mitigating of effects of a freeze-thaw (FT) cycle on runoff generation and soil loss from small experimental plots. Small plots (0.5 × 0.5m) were prepared in three replicates for control (i.e., under a FT cycle only) and treatments (i.e., individually planted with the study species and subject to a FT cycle). The treated plots were then placed at a slope of 20% and subjected to simulated rainfall with intensity of 70 mm h⁻¹ and 30 min duration. The results of the study showed a significant effect (P < 0.05) of the plants on controlling runoff and soil loss after a FT cycle. Also, the detrimental effects of the FT cycle due to performance of ice lenses and formation of an active melting layer in the soil surface were ameliorated by the presence of litter on the soil and root-binding effect of the plants. Time to runoff increased by 54, 111 and 10%, runoff volume decreased by 27, 68 and 0.4% and soil loss changed by −34, −62, and +6.5% in the plots planted with A. trichophorum, L. prenne and M. sativa, respectively. The results of the current study indicated that L. prenne had the maximum benefit on reducing runoff and soil loss from the plots undergoing a FT cycle.     

四川省毒害植物——紫茎泽兰调查报告

紫茎泽兰是恶性毒害植物,已传入攀枝花市和凉山州两地１４县３区１市,分布面积３７５１６０ｈｍ２,每年以２０～３０ｋｍ的速度向北向东传播。其繁殖能力和侵占性极强,是农、林、牧业生产的大敌,应采取切实可行的方法,发动群众,人人动手,把防除与开发利用结合起来,开展综合防治。     

大豆中胰蛋白酶抑制因子的生化性质和抗营养作用

生大豆中含有许多抗营养因子影响其营养价值与利用效果,其中最主要的是胰蛋白酶抑制因子。本文总结了大豆中两大类胰蛋白酶抑制因子,即Kunitz类和Bowman-Birk类抑制因子的主要生化性质,以及含大豆胰蛋白酶抑制因子的日粮对不同种类动物的饲喂效果和生理反应。另外还介绍了胰腺分泌的蛋白酶与抑制因子的识别与反应机理,以及大豆胰蛋白酶抑制因子阻碍动物生长和引起胰腺增大的作用方式。最后讨论了在研究胰蛋白酶抑制因子的抗营养作用时,需要注意的几个问题。     

乌梁素海表层沉积物营养盐的分布特征及环境意义

采用现场采样及室内测试方法,对乌梁素海表层沉积物营养元素（TN、NH4＋-N、NO3--N、TP和TOC）的分布特征进行了分析,系统研究了沉积物碳-氮-磷两两之间的相互耦合关系及其环境意义,并对乌梁素海沉积物的有机污染状况进行了评价。结果表明,乌梁素海表层沉积物TOC/TN比平均值为12.70,反映出有机质来源可能是湖泊水生生物和陆源输入,其中外源输入略占主导;TOC/TP比值高于TOC/TN,沉积物中的有机质主导着TOC/TP比值的变化趋势;TN/TP比值的分布表现出与TOC/TP比值相似的变化特征。有机污染评价结果显示,全湖的有机指数均值为0.42,处于尚清洁状态,w（ON）的均值为0.17%,属于有机氮污染状态。