基于非线性主成分分析法的区域物流发展综合评价模型

利用非线性主成分分析法对河南各地区的物流发展状况进行分析,将得到的综合主成分指标代替原来较多的评价指标建立模型,对河南各个地区的物流发展综合实力进行评价.结果表明,该方法能够把复杂的问题简化,所得结论科学客观、可信.     

烟草甲的防治研究进展

烟草甲(Lasioderma serricorne)为世界性的储烟害虫,本文综述了应用化学防治、生物防治、物理防治和综合防治技术控制烟草甲的研究现状及动态.     

应用球孢白僵菌防治芒果树脊胸天牛的研究

该文报导了从自然感病的脊胸天牛虫尸上分离出球孢白僵菌株,经纯化并批量生产可湿性菌粉,应用该菌粉防治芒果树脊胸天牛．室内试验用小棉花球醮取菌悬液堵塞法和用注射器抽取菌悬液滴注法接种,并分设对照组．第７ｄ检查防治效果．结果表明,堵塞法各虫态致僵、死率为７０．６％．其中幼虫僵、死率为８７．５％,蛹、成虫僵、死率为３６．７％．滴注法各虫态僵、死率为６６．１％．其中幼虫僵、死率为８２．５％,蛹、成虫僵、死率为３３．３％．对照组分别用无菌水以同样方法试验,各虫态致僵、死率均为０．应用两种方法,中试防治在１３．３ｈｍ２２７ａ树龄芒果园中进行,防治效果为８３．７％．推广应用防治在３５．０ｈｍ２１５ａ树龄芒果园中进行,防治效果为８４．１％．     

林区鼢鼠的综合管理研究

以林区鼢鼠种群生态学为基础,提出了林区鼢鼠的综合管理策略和方案.鼢鼠管理是多战术的策略,管理必须以生态平衡为中心,充分强调自然生态控制因素的调节作用.生态调控措施在林区鼢鼠综合管理中的作用是任何其他措施都无法比拟和取代的;林业技术措施和生物控制措施是对自然生态措施的有利补充,可以相互协调;化学药剂防治和人工机械防治,只是在鼠口密度高于经济阈值,而其它措施又不能完全控制鼢鼠时,才允许合理使用.     

苹果蠹蛾生物学特性及综合防治

苹果蠹蛾Laspeyresia pomonella(Linne)在甘肃省酒泉地区1年发生1－2代，初孵幼虫开始从果产胴部蛀入，在果皮下为害，再为果心蛀食果肉及种子，经3次脱皮后开始转果为害，造成大量果实被害脱落，根据其生活习性提出了综合防治措施，蛀果率由21．5％下降到1％以下，防治效果达95％。     

美国森林资源监测技术对我国森林资源一体化监测体系建设的启示

分析总结目前我国森林资源监测工作存在的问题, 提出一体化监测体系的概念和建设的必要性; 从抽样技术、调查内容和方法等方面介绍美国森林资源综合监测体系的特点和优势, 并与我国的森林资源监测体系进行对比分析, 为我国森林资源一体化监测体系建设提供参考与借鉴。     

结构整体设计及部件设计

通过对工程设计人员应重视结构整体设计及部件设计的论述,阐述了设计的责任和重要性。     

Impact of weather variables and season on sporulation of Phytophthora pluvialis and Phytophthora kernoviae

Phytophthora pluvialis and Phytophthora kernoviae are the causal agents of important needle diseases on Pinus radiata in New Zealand. Little is known about the epidemiology of the diseases, making the development of control strategies challenging. To investigate the seasonality and climatic drivers of sporulation, inoculum traps, consisting of pine fascicles floating on water in plastic containers, were exchanged fortnightly at five sites in P. radiata plantations between February 2012 and December 2014. Sections of needle baits were plated onto selective media and growth of Phytophthora pluvialis and P. kernoviae recorded. To explore the generalizability of these data, they were compared to detection data for both pathogens from the New Zealand Forest Health Database (NZFHDB). Further, equivalent analyses on infection of Rhododendron ponticum by P. kernoviae in Cornwall, UK allowed the comparison of the epidemiology of P. kernoviae across different host systems and environments. In New Zealand, inoculum of P. pluvialis and P. kernoviae was detected between January–December and March–November, respectively. Inoculum of both species peaked in abundance in late winter. The probability of detecting P. pluvialis and P. kernoviae was greater at lower temperatures, while the probability of detecting P. pluvialis also increased during periods of wet weather. Similar patterns were observed in NZFHDB data. However, the seasonal pattern of infection by P. kernoviae in the UK was the opposite of that seen for sporulation in New Zealand. Phytophthora kernoviae was likely limited by warmer and drier summers in New Zealand, but by colder winter weather in the UK. These results emphasize the importance of considering both environmental drivers and thresholds in improving our understanding of pathogen epidemiology.     

氧调控下人工湿地微生物群落结构变化研究

运用磷脂脂肪酸(PLFAs)技术研究了氧调控下复合垂直流人工湿地(IVCW)微生物群落结构及活性变化,结果表明,不曝气IVCW基质表层以好氧微生物为优势种群,但绝大部分微生物都集中在0～20cm基质层,系统的净化空间受到限制;氧调控下微生物群落向基质纵深发展,表征好氧微生物的单不饱和脂肪酸的含量显著增加,曝气系统下行池表层各类群微生物的生物量为不曝气系统的2～6倍,表征微生物活性的PLFAs总不饱和度水平也明显升高;革兰氏阴性细菌成为曝气IVCW基质微生物群落的优势种群,群落具有更高的活性和专一性,提高了污染物的去除效果。因此,进一步研究微生物的这种适应机制可以为优化湿地系统提供一定的理论基础。     

黄颡鱼-蛋鸭-水生蔬菜综合种养模式技术初探

主要开展了黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)-蛋鸭-水生蔬菜综合种养模式的试验。试验结果表明,养鸭每公顷纯利润15 000.00元,养鱼每公顷纯利润30 562.50元,蕹菜每公顷纯利润5 531.25元,每公顷总利润51 093.75元。该模式是一种以养鱼为主,兼顾综合种养的互利生态养殖模式。该模式在提高鱼产量的同时提升鱼的品质,减少化肥和渔药的使用量,增加了综合种养收益。该模式将种植和养殖有机结合在一起,既降低了水质和陆地环境污染,又节省了资源,达到了低碳种养的综合效益。