Humoral Response to 2 Inactivated Bluetongue Virus Serotype‐8 Vaccines in South American Camelids

Background: Bluetongue virus serotype 8 (BTV‐8) has caused disease in domestic ruminants in several countries of northern Europe since 2006. In 2008 a mass‐vaccination program was launched in most affected countries using whole virus inactivated vaccines. Objective: To evaluate 2 inactivated vaccines (Bovilis BTV 8; BTVPUR AlSap8) for immunogenicity and safety against BTV‐8 in South American camelids (SAC) in a field trial. Animals: Forty‐two SAC (25 Alpacas, 17 Llamas) aged between 1 and 16 years. Methods: The animals were vaccinated twice at intervals of 21 days. They were observed clinically for adverse local, systemic, or both reactions throughout the trial. Blood samples collected on days 0, 14, 21, 43, and 156 after vaccination were tested for the presence of BTV‐8 virus by real time‐polymerase chain reaction and of specific antibodies by competitive ELISA and a serum neutralization test. Results: All vaccinated animals developed antibodies to BTV‐8 after the 2nd administration of the vaccine. No adverse effects were observed except for moderate local swellings at the injection site, which disappeared within 21 days. Slightly increased body temperatures were only observed in the first 2 days after vaccination. The BTV was not detected in any of the samples analyzed. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: The administration of the 2 inactivated commercial vaccines was safe and induced seroconversion against BTV‐8 in all vaccinated animals. The results of this study suggest that 2 doses injected 3 weeks apart is a suitable vaccination regimen for SAC.     

设施番茄连作障碍土壤修复及其对青枯病害的防治效果

连作障碍的土壤修复是世界性难题。本研究利用土壤微生态修复剂结合青枯病植物疫苗菌剂来改良土壤和预防青枯病发生。在连作7年的番茄地,设3种处理,处理1为添加量60 t/hm²的土壤微生态修复剂和植物疫苗100倍稀释液,处理2为添加量30 t/hm²的土壤微生态修复剂和植物疫苗100倍稀释液,CK为不添加土壤微生态修复剂和植物疫苗,研究不同处理对连作番茄土壤养分、土壤酶活性、植株生长特性及病害防效的影响。结果表明,土壤微生态修复剂2种不同添加量处理的番茄土壤有机质、全氮、全磷和交换性钙含量均显著高于对照,而全钾含量显著低于对照;两种不同添加量处理的番茄土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶和酸性磷酸酶活性均显著高于对照,添加量为30 t/hm²处理的土壤各酶活性（酸性磷酸酶除外）大于添加量为60 t/hm²处理的土壤;添加30 t/hm²处理的单果重量（113.82 g）显著高于添加量60 t/hm²处理（104.07 g）和对照处理（104.99 g）（P<0.05）,其对番茄青枯病防效达91.87%,大于添加量为60 t/hm²处理的防效（55.34%）。     

新疆果树多毛小蠹生物学特性及防治

多毛小蠹是新疆果树重要害虫，危害杏树甚为严重。在库尔勒一年发生2～3代，主要以幼虫和少数成虫、卵在树皮内越冬，世代重叠。在自然变温下，卵历期4～11天，幼虫20～31天；蛹期6～9天；成虫10～35天。完成一世代需40～86天，主要以幼虫在寄主树表面活动。采用农业和药剂防治相结合效果显著。     

Analysis on the effect of runoff retention and pollution load control for two vegetation roofs during rainfall events

In order to understand the effect of runoff retention and pollution load control for vegetation roofs during rainfall events, the evaluation criterion of vegetation roof performance is redefined and two vegetation roofs are established artificially based on the code for the design of roof greening, which is investigated during rainfall events. Results show that ophiopogon japonicus roof can delay the production of runoff by 25〖XC半字线.tif,JZ〗48 min compared to the rain occurring and retention runoff volume by 40%〖XC半字线.tif,JZ〗58%, while sambucus dhinensis roof can make the generation of runoff 60〖XC半字线.tif,JZ〗130 min later than the rain beginning and runoff volume retention can be as high as 54%〖XC半字线.tif,JZ〗80%. In addition to PO 3-4 P, the reduction of pollution load of NO -2 N, NH3 N, TP, COD, TN and NO -3 N by both vegetation roofs can reach 95.1%〖XC半字线.tif,JZ〗98.6%, 87.2%〖XC半字线.tif,JZ〗93%, 72.4%〖XC半字线.tif,JZ〗83%, 76%〖XC半字线.tif,JZ〗81.8%, 68.7%〖XC半字线.tif,JZ〗78.4% and 40.9%〖XC半字线.tif,JZ〗60.6% respectively. The level of pH, COD, NH3 N and TP in vegetation roofs runoff can meet class Ⅲ surface water standard. Meanwhile, both vegetation roofs have similar effect in neutralization acid deposition (i.e., from 5.8〖XC半字线.tif,JZ〗6.0 (in rain water) to 7.0〖XC半字线.tif,JZ〗7.6 (in eco roof runoff water)). Plants grown on vegetation roofs can influence the performance of vegetation roofs. Based on the results, ophiopogon japonicus has an advantage of sambucus chinensis in controlling phosphorus pollution, while sambucus chinensis manifests better in reducing nitrogen load. Vegetation roofs are becoming an important urban landscape more and more, and study results in this paper provide references for the improvement of vegetation roofs construction and more reasonable evaluation of their running performance.     

绿柳突瓣叶蜂生物学及防治

绿柳突瓣叶蜂(Nematus ruyanus Wei)是发生在甘肃天水柳树上的一种新害虫。严重危害旱柳、垂柳、金丝柳等多种柳树,1年发生6代,非越冬茧结于叶背,越冬茧结于1-5 cm表土中,以预蛹在越冬茧内越冬。幼虫食叶危害,每年3月下旬至10月下旬是该虫的猖獗危害期。用25%灭幼脲,1.8%阿维菌素乳油,40%氧乐果乳油2000倍液防治3龄前幼虫防效达95%以上;用2.5%溴氰菊酯乳油,3%高渗苯氧威乳油4000倍液喷冠防治3龄后大幼虫防效可达90%以上。     

螟虫长距茧蜂研究进展

本文综述了对螟虫长距茧蜂的研究概况，包括该寄生蜂的主要生物学习性、对玉米螟自然寄生率及田间防治玉米螟效果等。     

不同龄期的益蝽对粘虫的捕食功能反应

益蝽Picromerus lewisi Scott是一种重要的捕食性昆虫,为探究其控害潜能,在实验室条件下研究不同龄期的益蝽对粘虫的捕食能力。选择饥饿24 h的3、4、5龄益蝽若虫和成虫对不同密度的3龄粘虫进行捕食量测定试验,试验结果为3、4、5龄益蝽若虫和成虫的日平均捕食量分别为3.33、4.23、8.00和6.50头,每个龄期的捕食功能反应都符合HollingⅡ圆盘方程,其攻击率分别为1.036、0.742、1.445和1.422,处理猎物的时间分别为0.313、0.158、0.112和0.135 d;试验中发现益蝽偏食活猎物。结果表明利用益蝽进行生物防治时,选择5龄若虫,控害效果最好。     

木芙蓉上亚利桑那跳小蜂对扶桑绵粉蚧的寄生研究

扶桑绵粉蚧Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley是我国重要观赏和药用植物木芙蓉上的主要害虫之一,但迄今对其被优势天敌亚利桑那跳小蜂Aenasius arizonensis (Girault)（班氏跳小蜂A. bambawalei Hayat）的寄生情况了解甚少。为此,自2017年开始,在浙江兰溪西部的一个木芙蓉种植区开展了为期四年的调查,每年6—9月,分批从木芙蓉植株上采集3龄若虫及未产卵雌成虫,于室内观察寄生情况;并于其中两年观察了不同生境中的寄生情况,探讨了寄生季节变化的动态特征及相关影响因素、杂草促进寄生的途径以及增强该粉蚧自然控制的措施。结果表明,在前期（6—7月）寄生率总体上较低,其中两年最高分别仅有38%和32%,另外两年也很少发现被寄生个体,而且该时期寄生率年份间存在明显波动。而在后期（8—9月）,寄生率相对较高,且具有从8月上旬开始逐步上升这一显著特点。观察期间,最高寄生率均出现于各年份9月下旬,四年中分别为89%、62%、55%和13%,年份间差异十分明显。生境类型可对寄生水平产生较大影响,与木芙蓉地块内和杂草稀疏的田埂相比,杂草丛生的田埂上和路...