Identification of differential protein expression and putative drug target in metacyclic stage of Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica: A quantitative proteomics and computational view

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an infectious disease that commonly caused by Leishmania (L.) major and L.tropica. Recently there has been a growing interest in proteomics analysis on Leishmania for drug target discovery. Therefore, we aimed to distinguish proteins which might be characteristic for each of the species from those shared by both to the detection of drug targets, which may become helpful for designing new drugs for CL. To identify differences in protein profiles of L. major and L. tropica, we conducted a Sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion spectra mass spectrometry (SWATH-MS) analysis. Totally 67 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) (fold change> 2 and p < 0.05) were identified between species. Of these, 42 and 25 proteins were up-regulated in L. major and L. tropica, respectively. Several enriched GO terms were identified via biological process of up-regulated proteins. Furthermore, the small molecule metabolic process and translation were detected as significant biological processes for up-regulated proteins in L. major, while translation was identified for L. tropica. Also, KEGG analysis has revealed glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and translation as the top pathways in the proteins up-regulated in L. major and L. tropica, respectively. Finally glycosomal malate dehydrogenase was identified as putative drug target using network and homology analyses. The DEPs between the species are essential in host-pathogen interactions and parasite survival in the macrophage. Furthermore, L. major and L. tropica possibly uses different pathogenicity mechanisms that leads to anthroponotic or zoonotic CL. Our results may help in the drug discovery and chemotherapeutic interventions.     

Rodent abundance triggered switch between the relative mutualism and predation in a rodent–seed system of the subtropical island forest

Density-dependent non-monotonic species interactions are important in maintaining ecosystem stability and function, but empirical evidences are still rare. Rodents, as both seed dispersers and seed predators, have dual effects on plant regeneration and may result in non-monotonic rodent-plant interactions. According to the non-monotonic models, the relative positive or negative effects of rodents on seedling establishment can be measured based on the positive or negative association of seedling recruitment rate and rodent abundance. In this study, we investigated the fates of acorns of Quercus serrata by tracking tagged seeds on 21 fragmented subtropical islands in the Thousand Island Lake, China. We found that the proportion of germinated seeds of all released seeds showed a dome-shaped association with rodent abundance per seed. The proportion of removed seeds and cached seeds showed a saturated- and a weak dome-shaped association with rodent abundance per seed, respectively. Our results demonstrated a clear empirical evidence that rodent abundance per seed triggered a switch between the relative mutualism and predation in a rodent–seed system. Our study implied that the observed non-monotonic interactions between plants and animals may play a significant role in maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem function. We appeal for more investigations of the complex non-monotonic interactions in various ecosystems.     

青藏高原牦牛奶产业发展的现状及问题——基于那曲市的调研

牦牛奶产业是青藏高原巩固脱贫攻坚、实现畜牧产业良性发展的重要选择,政府、企业和牧户等多元主体在推动产业链建设上发挥着不同作用。本研究以那曲市色尼区为例,通过实地调研发现,龙头企业成为牦牛奶价值增值的关键主体,养殖合作社成为牧民增收的重要载体,供销合作社成为市场发展的重要补充,牧户在牦牛奶产业发展中显著受益,农村基层组织建设管理水平明显提高。当前,那曲牦牛奶产业存在产业发展初级、产品同质竞争、草原过载过牧、合作社管理不规范、行政干预过多以及食品安全风险等问题。基于牦牛奶产业对青藏高原可持续发展的战略地位,下一步应通过加强基础研究和科技投入、积极引育管理人才、完善产业链利益联结机制、厘清多元主体职责定位等,推动当地牦牛奶产业健康可持续发展。     

Predicting Acceptability of Jaguars and Pumas in the Atlantic Forest,Brazil

Jaguars and pumas are threatened species in Brazil’s Atlantic Forest, especially at the borders of protected areas. This article assessed the influence of emotions, attitudes, existence value, and agency credibility on acceptability of big cats among rural residents living adjacent to two protected areas in this forest. Data from self-administrated questionnaires (n = 326) indicated those with positive attitudes toward big cats (β = .28, p < .001), those who valued the existence of big cats (β = .14, p < .05), those who would feel sorrow if big cats disappeared (β = .21, p < .001), and those who considered the managing agency as credible (β = .16, p = .002) were more accepting of big cats. The model provided theoretical and practical insights into large carnivore conservation. For example, given the significance of agency credibility, a positive relationship between park authorities and residents is crucial for big cat conservation.     

中国肉牛业现状和发展对策

本文介绍了中国肉牛业的现状，分析了中国肉牛业生产中存在的3个方面的问题，提出了中国肉牛业发展的5个对策，即继续开展肉牛改良，加快肉牛良种培育和扩繁；提高肉牛饲养管理水平，促进优质肉牛生产；提高牛肉产品质量；实现产业化生产；实施牛肉品牌战略。     

烟台市奶牛业现状调查与发展对策

烟台市奶牛业在改革开放以后，特别是在过去6～7年内有了较快发展，奶牛头数由1978年的不足500头发展到2001年的27000头，牛奶产量达87320t。人均年消费牛奶13．5kg。对烟台市三个奶牛场和三个奶农户抽样调查，5月中下旬奶牛日平均产奶量为24kg，年单产约在6000kg左右，与京、津、沪大型奶牛场的7000kg至9000kg有一定差距，杂交改良牛年单产依杂交改良代数和饲养管理水平不同，约在1500～4000kg。存在的主要问题是奶牛总存栏量少，育种体制不健全，饲料配合欠科学，个体户缺乏组织，产、加、销没有形成在市场经济条件下的利益共同体等。鉴此，应利用现代生物技术，加快现有品种改良，提高奶产业的产、加、销科学组织化程度，创立烟台品牌乳品加工企业等，使烟台市奶牛业向优质、高产、高效方向发展。     

苜蓿饲草产业发展的质与量问题

苜蓿产业在国家"振兴奶业苜蓿发展行动"项目指导和支持下,得到一定的发展,为保障奶牛饲草供应发挥了重要作用.当前苜蓿产业发展面临的挑战是数量和质量问题,数量不能完全满足我国奶牛养殖业的需求,质量存在一定的不稳定性,面对苜蓿国际进口市场的挑战和高质量稳定发展的需求,提出5点建议,包括国家补助资金引导、产业集群培植、草地为农...     

数字化技术与装备在奶牛养殖中的应用

数字化技术与装备的发展情况是衡量一个产业现代化水平的重要标志.在奶业快速发展的今天,物联网、大数据、人工智能等信息技术的应用,推动着传统奶业的快速转型和升级,传感器、自动饲喂设备以及挤奶机器人将替代人工实现奶牛高效养殖和经济效益最大化.本文阐述了奶业发展前景和数字化关键技术在环境智能监控、奶牛身份识别、健康感知、繁殖监...     

草原畜牧业产业链利益联结机制影响因素研究

在草原畜牧业产业链的建设过程中,构建稳定、和谐、有效的产业链利益联结机制,是产业链有效运行的必要前提和重要支撑。基于此,对新疆、内蒙古、青海及甘肃的四大典型草原牧区利益联结主体牧户、合作社和龙头企业进行了实地问卷调查,运用结构方程模型对其产业链利益联结机制的影响因素进行了实证分析。研究结果表明,行为表现、畜产品物流特征和合作意愿对产业链利益联结机制有显著的正向影响;经营状况并不能直接影响其产业链的利益联结,而是通过其他3条路径间接影响产业链的利益联结机制;主体的行为表现可以直接和间接影响彼此间的利益联结,畜产品物流特征对于彼此间合作意愿影响是微乎其微的;产业链主体的发展状况、契约关系、分销渠道以及合作预期的认知分别是经营状况、行为表现、畜产品物流特征和合作意愿中对利益联结机制影响最为显著的因素。     

陈仓区稳定生猪生产发展对策

近年来,陈仓认真贯彻省、市出台的一系列恢复生猪生产扶持政策及防控措施,在抓好非洲猪瘟疫情防控的同时,积极推动生猪产能恢复,也取得了一定的成效。本文理性分析了陈仓生猪产业发展现状问题,围绕生猪产能恢复客观提出了几点对策及建议,供大家参考。