我国食用菌产业发展现状及产业升级路径分析

对我国食用菌产业发展现状进行梳理,指出我国食用菌行业主要存在的问题不仅是开发规模小、科技含量低,而且品种质量参差不齐、销售渠道不畅、食用菌产品存在滞销等。构建面板数据模型探究影响我国食用菌产业升级的主要影响因素,结果表明,食用菌年度生产总量、食用菌行业从业人员总数、出口贸易总额、固定资产投资、居民消费支出水平与食用菌产业结构升级之间为显著的正相关关系,基于此提出了助力我国食用菌产业升级的政策。     

刍议特色蔬菜荠菜的价值及其研究意义

为了促进产业融合、实现加工增值、加快技术研发、达成跨季销售、推动冷链发展、增加劳动就业,对荠菜产业化相关研究进行总结。在此,有必要对荠菜的价值、研究意义及研究现状进行介绍,发现荠菜是一种具有较高营养价值和药用价值的野生叶菜,深受消费者青睐,市场前景广阔,具有重要的研究意义;另外,涉及荠菜的研究很多,但主要集中在栽培方面,品种与加工涉猎较少,特别是产业化更是鲜有涉足。通过对荠菜产业关键技术与装备的进一步研发,助力实现产业链的延伸,加快新品种、新技术、新模式、新工艺、新装备的应用。     

An Analysis on the Altitude of Industrial Structure of Chongqing

To supply an even more amplitude background for the analysis on the quality of the structure of Chongqing, this paper analyzed the altitudes of employment structure and production value structure among three industry structures in Chongqing, then an static and dynamic comparison with other countries of DIFFERENT levels on the basis of grasping Chongqing's status in Western Area. An structural explanation of ChongQing's economy development stage aiming at giving an even more amplitude background to analyze the essence of its industrial structure.     

A Study on the Method of Time-Resource Optimization of Engineering Projects

This paper investigates the coordinated operation of the progress planning with the resource planning when carrying out engineering projects and puts forward a method of "RSM" under the resource limit conditions. Then, the "RSM" was improved to avoid complicated calculation. This method not only reduces the calculating work by hand but saves computer's memory as well, making the time-resource optimization work more quick and convenient.     

Pearl Millet Phenology and Growth in Relation to Thermal Time under Arid Environment

Pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum L.R.Br.) hybrid MH 179 was grown under two moisture regimes viz., optimal moisture and rainfed conditions. The field experiment was continued for three consecutive rainy seasons to quantify the pearl millet development with thermal time. The possible influence of variation in natural sowing date on the relationships between crop development and thermal time have been described. At cardinal temperatures of 10°C (base temperature below which pearl millet development ceases), 33°C (optimal temperature for development) and 45°C (maximum temperature at and above which no development takes place), the crop required 1490–1794°Cd thermal time to reach physiological maturity. The thermal time requirement for different developmental stages was influenced by the sowing time and moisture availability during the growing season of the crop.
The leaf tip appearance on the main shoot of pearl millet in relation to thermal time was almost linear under both moisture conditions requiring about 44–50°Cd ± 2.6 °Cd leaf⁻¹, till the appearance of the flag (last) leaf. However, leaf tip appearance on primary tillers was slightly slower and required 53-58°Cd ± 4.7°Cd for each new leaf. Appearance of first primary tiller was later (at 320°Cd after emergence) under the rainfed condition as compared to the crop under the optimal moisture (at 250°Cd).Thereafter, the tiller appearance in relation to thermal time under both moisture conditions was at a linear rate of about 53-56°Cd ± 9.5°Cd tiller⁻¹.
Effect of microclimatic variations, canopy temperature, radiation and photoperiod on the phenology-thermal time relationships have been discussed under both the moisture conditions.     

宁夏清水河产业带新型城镇化与房地产业耦合发展空间分析

基于新型城镇化与房地产业耦合发展为视角,建立了宁夏清水河产业带新型城镇化与房地产业发展耦合度评价指标体系,借助耦合协调度模型与耦合发展度模型,对该区10个县(区)单元的新型城镇化与房地产业发展的耦合关系进行空间分析。结果表明：① 研究区新型城镇化与房地产业整体协调度处于磨合阶段,系统之间相互作用与影响力显著,但并没有达到协调水平,协调度最高的是同心县,最低的是红寺堡区;② 新型城镇化与房地产业整体发展度处于中等水平,且空间格局差异较大,耦合发展度最高的是沙坡头区,最低的是红寺堡区;③ 依据耦合协调度与发展度的组合可将研究区新型城镇化与房地产业发展耦合关系分为4大类型：高发展协调区、高发展磨合区、中发展拮抗区、低发展拮抗区。建议在未来新型城镇化建设过程中政府应因城因地的采取差别化的房地产宏观调控政策,促进房地产业发展与新型城镇化建设的协调关系。     

A typology of agricultural production systems: Capability building trajectories of three Asian economies

Analysing the agricultural sectors of Taiwan, Malaysia and Singapore, this paper examines the capability‐building process that encourages productivity and innovation. It describes and explains the origins and subsequent evolution of three forms of agricultural production system, each generating different farming capabilities and distinct forms of competitive advantages. The paper argues that Taiwan's rice‐oriented agricultural production system stimulates both productivity and innovation, helping Taiwanese farmers raise their income level and living standards. The active deployment of state institutions and a malleable labour force, evidenced in the Malaysian palm oil industry, is effective in raising farming productivity but not the ability to innovate. Singapore's aquaculture‐oriented agricultural production system is somewhat useful in stimulating productivity and innovation. Yet the city‐state's inherent lack of space and open international trade regime have circumscribed the potential of its aquaculture industry. It now relies on the regional ethnic Chinese business networks to expand the aquaculture industry's knowledge base and its industrial commons. The principles discussed in this paper provide policy lessons, or at least some initial guidance, for other developing economies aspiring to modernise their agricultural sector.     

1990~2015年四川省茶叶生产空间演变格局及特征研究

为加快四川省茶产业区域化布局、专业化生产,推动茶产业发展,以1990—2015 年茶叶生产数据为基础,采用重心模型和ESDA方法,对四川省茶叶生产重心演变轨迹和空间格局进行分析。结果表明：（1）茶叶生产发展迅速,已经形成了川南、川西、川东北3 个主要产区。（2）四川省茶园面积重心迁移较小,重心整体向西南方向迁移。（3）四川茶园全局Moran’s I 指数在0.35~0.457,具有显著的正向空间自相关,呈现出高度的空间集聚特征。（4）在局部上,H-H象限单元主要是地处乌蒙山区、邛崃山区、秦巴山区的最适宜区,L-L 象限单元大多属于川西北高原、川中丘陵区的不适宜区或低适宜区。2000 年以后,川东北产区集聚趋势的显著性降低,川南产区、川西产区始终保持着显著的聚集趋势。四川茶叶生产格局是以自然资源禀赋为主导的作物生理适宜性格局,在后期的发展过程中,产业规模、龙头企业、区域品牌、替代产业、扶持政策等因素成为四川茶叶生产空间演化的主要塑造力量。     

新疆葡萄贮运保鲜现状与产业技术提升途径

新疆葡萄种植面积和产量均居全国第一,也是我国葡萄保鲜产品最大生产销售区,但是新疆葡萄贮运保鲜现状不容乐观,产业系统保鲜技术也亟待提升。本文通过分析新疆主栽品种葡萄的采收期及主要贮运特征,指出新疆葡萄贮藏及运输保鲜技术存在的问题,并探讨了新疆鲜食葡萄贮运保鲜产业技术提升途径,为我国新疆葡萄贮运保鲜产业的健康发展提供理论基础。     

Contribution of incident solar radiation on leaves and pods to soybean seed weight and composition

The weight and composition of soybean seeds (Glycine Max L. Merrill) depend on changes in carbon and nitrogen assimilate supply during grain filling. Soybean pods and seeds are green, evidencing their capacity to capture light. However, the current physiological knowledge does not consider any effect of incident solar radiation reaching the pods on seed weight and composition. The objective of this work was to investigate the response of seed weight and composition to changes in assimilate supply from leaves, to the incident solar radiation reaching the pods and to the combination of both, changes in assimilate supply from the leaves and incident solar radiation on pods of soybean plants. Field experiments were performed during two growing seasons at Balcarce, Argentina. Treatments modified the amount of assimilates supplied by the leaves (plant shading, defoliation), the solar radiation reaching the pods (pod shading) or both (defoliation and pod shading) during seed filling. Plant shading and defoliation reduced seed weight, oil concentration and oil and protein content and increased the concentration of saturated and poli-unsaturated fatty acids while reduced oleic acid percentage. Pod shading increased the concentration of stearic acid and reduced the concentration of linolenic acid. When pods were shaded on defoliated plants, seed weight and oil and protein content decreased while fatty acid composition was similar to values obtained under defoliation treatment. Based on these results, a conceptual model that considers photoheterotrophic nature of reproductive structures of soybean is proposed. Seed weight, oil and protein content and oil fatty acid composition depended on assimilate availability for the seeds. The response of oil and protein content to assimilate supply depended on whether leaves were present or not. The effect of solar radiation incident on pods depended on the amount of assimilates available for the seeds: (i) when carbon allocated was low (defoliation treatments), pods contributed to seed carbon economy but solar radiation incident on them did not affect fatty acid composition; (ii) when carbon allocated to the seeds was high (intact plants), contribution of pods to seed carbon economy was not significant, but the amount of solar radiation incident on pods produced significant changes in fatty acid composition.