SNOMED representation of explanatory knowledge in veterinary clinical pathology

BACKGROUND: The Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine (SNOMED) is an established standard nomenclature for the expression of human and veterinary medical concepts. Nomenclature standards ease sharing of medical information, create common points of understanding, and improve data aggregation and analysis. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to determine whether SNOMED adequately represented concepts relevant to veterinary clinical pathology. METHODS: Concepts were isolated from 3 different types of clinical pathology documents: 1) a textbook (Textbook), 2) the Results sections of industry pathology reports (Findings), and Discussion sections from industry pathology reports (Discussion). Concepts were matched (mapped) by 2 reviewers to semantically-equivalent SNOMED concepts. A quality score of 3 (good match), 2 (problem match), or 1 (no match) was recorded along with the SNOMED hierarchical location of each mapped concept. Results were analyzed using Cohen's Kappa statistic to assess reviewer agreement and chi-square tests to evaluate association between document type and quality score. RESULTS: The percentage of good matches was 48.3% for the Textbook, 45.4% for Findings, and 47.5% for Discussion documents, with no significant difference among documents. Of remaining concepts, 40% were partially expressed by SNOMED and 14% did not match. Mean reviewer agreement on quality score assignments was 76.8%. CONCLUSIONS: Although SNOMED representation of veterinary clinical pathology content was limited, missing and problem concepts were confined to a relatively small area of terminology. This limitation should be addressed in revisions of SNOMED to optimize SNOMED for veterinary clinical pathology applications.     

Strategies,Effectiveness and Rationale of Vector-borne Disease Control in the Pastoralist System of South-western Uganda

In Uganda, control of vector-borne diseases is mainly in form of vector control, and chemotherapy. There have been reports that acaricides are being misused in the pastoralist systems in Uganda. This is because of the belief by scientists that intensive application of acaricide is uneconomical and unsustainable particularly in the indigenous cattle. The objective of this study was to investigate the strategies, rationale and effectiveness of vector-borne disease control by pastoralists. To systematically carry out these investigations, a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods was used, in both the collection and the analysis of data. Cattle keepers were found to control tick-borne diseases (TBDs) mainly through spraying, in contrast with the control of trypanosomosis for which the main method of control was by chemotherapy. The majority of herders applied acaricides weekly and used an acaricide of lower strength than recommended by the manufacturers. They used very little acaricide wash, and spraying was preferred to dipping. Furthermore, pastoralists either treated sick animals themselves or did nothing at all, rather than using veterinary personnel. Oxytetracycline (OTC) was the drug commonly used in the treatment of TBDs. Nevertheless, although pastoralists may not have been following recommended practices in their control of ticks and tick-borne diseases, they were neither wasteful nor uneconomical and their methods appeared to be effective. Trypanosomosis was not a problem either in Sembabule or Mbarara district. Those who used trypanocides were found to use more drugs than were necessary.     

数字化时代高校个性化知识服务平台的构建

知识服务是信息时代赋予图书馆的使命。在知识经济环境下,高校图书馆的信息服务正面临着挑战和机遇。通过对高校图书馆知识服务平台体系结构的分析,从服务理念、服务内容和服务方式等方面对构建高校图书馆知识服务平台的新模式进行探索。     

图书馆服务知识读者化的研究

服务是一个双向过程,既需要将读者信息图书馆化,也需要将图书馆服务知识读者化。其中,服务知识外化却往往被忽视,基于此,文章把它作为一个专门的问题加以研究,包括它的概念、内容、影响因素及实施。     

Study of Ontology-Based Swine Diagnosis Technology

The computer swine disease diagnosis is an important tool for swine farming industry,but the traditional expert system cannot meet the requirement of practical application.To improve the situation,a sw...     

支撑曹妃甸工业区知识创新的信息资源保障体系建设

论述了信息资源保障体系对曹妃甸工业区知识创新的支撑作用,对曹妃甸工业区信息资源需求进行了分析,提出了曹妃甸工业区信息资源保障体系建设的途径和策略。     

网络信息时代的图书馆员素质研究

现代数字图书馆在服务观念和模式上都有着根本性的变化,同时对馆员的综合素质也提出了更高的要求。图书馆员应当充分认识并加强学习各种新知识、新理念,不断提高自身素质,从而适应数字图书馆发展的需要。     

我国农村知识服务发展的对策思考

进行农村信息服务时,由于存在着“信息富有”但“知识贫困”的情况,使得信息服务并不能有效帮助解决诸如农资纠纷、减产绝收等问题。随着知识服务成为农村科技服务发展的新方式,农村知识服务将以其优势解决上述问题。在阐述农村知识服务内涵的基础上,举例说明了农村知识服务与农村信息服务之间的本质区别,并就今后我国农村知识服务的进一步发展提出几点对策建议。     

Antibiotic use and resistance in animal farming: a quantitative and qualitative study on knowledge and practices among farmers in Khartoum, Sudan

Antibiotic resistance is a major emerging global public health threat. Farmers in the Khartoum state are believed to misuse antibiotics in animal farming leading to daily exposure to resistant bacteria and antibiotic residues. Hence, farmers are at potential risk exposure to bacteria, zoonotic infection and toxicity. We hypothesized that farmers' misuse of antibiotics could be due to their ignorance of the importance of optimal use of antibiotics, the potential health hazards and the economical waste associated with antibiotic misuse practices. In the present study, we investigated knowledge and practices among farmers regarding antibiotic use and resistance. For this purpose, a cross-sectional study was conducted in Khartoum state where data were collected from 81 farmers using structured interviews. Data were analysed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Fifty-two per cent of farmers were uneducated or had studied for < 6 years. The majority reported antibiotic use for treatment and prevention while only 5% stated use for growth promotion. Antibiotic group treatment for both sick and healthy animals was commonly practiced among most farmers. The most commonly used group of antibiotics was the quinolones, which was reported by one-third. Only 30% of the farmers had heard of antibiotic resistance and provided their definition. Almost half were not aware of the commonly transferred zoonotic infections between humans and animals. The farmers consume 1-2 meals/day from their own farm products. A significant association between low education, poor knowledge of farmers on antibiotic use, antibiotic resistance and zoonotic infections was found. This association may play a vital role in the present practiced misuse of antibiotics. Our findings on farmers' practices could be used as baseline information in defining the gaps related to antibiotic use and resistance in animal farming in Sudan. It can thus serve as a foundation for future interventions.     

鸡SH3RF2插入/缺失等位基因在中国地方鸡种中频率分布研究

中国地方鸡种资源丰富,风味较优,但存在生长速度慢、饲料效率低等缺点,因此为了加速我国地方鸡种和肉鸡品种的遗传改良,分子标记技术得到了广泛应用。已知SH3RF2基因的插入/缺失突变与肉鸡生长和体重密切相关,因此本试验对分布在我国各地的15个地方鸡品种进行了SH3RF2基因的等位基因频率检测,以确定SH3RF2基因在我国地方鸡种中的等位基因分布情况,继而将SH3RF2基因用于鸡生长性状的选择的分子育种标记。研究结果发现所检测地方鸡种和肉鸡品种均是非缺失的纯合子,没有发现缺失的等位基因。要利用SH3RF2基因对中国地方鸡种进行选择,可能需要通过杂交等手段将缺失型等位基因导入我国地方鸡种的群体之中。