冰雪灾害后生态公益林乔木层物种结构变化

于2008年冰雪灾害后在福建省宁化县水茜乡生态公益林内常绿阔叶林、针阔混交林代表地段设置固定样地,探讨封育对冰雪灾害后的次生幼龄林乔木物种结构的变化。结果表明:经5 a封育,乔木层物种丰富度指数明显增加,自然恢复为以壳斗科、山茶科、樟科、杉科、安息香科等物种为建群种或共建种的次生常绿阔叶林、针阔混交林。随着封育的延续,针阔混交林往常绿阔叶林方向发展,使林分形成一个稳定的顶级森林群落。     

粤北冰雪灾害受损杉木林修复技术研究

研究了粤北地区天井山林场杉木成熟林冰灾受损后的恢复重建模式,在全面伐除杉木、选留萌芽条的基础上引种6个木兰科优良树种。结果表明,6个树种均能适应该地生境,保存率均在80%以上,其中火力楠、峨眉含笑和厚朴生长较快,乳源木莲、深山含笑和观光木生长较慢,杉木萌芽条生长旺盛,在新的林分中占优势地位。     

3月北半球海冰趋势变化的区域特征及影响因子分析

利用海冰密集度资料和海冰范围指数,分析了3月北半球海冰在1979-1995年和1996-2014年2个时间段内的变化趋势以及趋势差异的区域特征.结果表明:北半球3月总海冰范围以稳定速率减少,速率无明显加速.而各个分海域的海冰变化表现出一定的区域差异.其中,巴伦支海海冰在2个时期内以稳定的速率减少;白令海海冰不减反增;鄂霍次克海海冰缩减速度在后期减小;圣劳伦斯湾的海冰范围在90年代中期以前显著增大,后期缓慢缩减. 3月海冰趋势变化的空间特征与同期表面气温和表面风场的趋势变化相一致.     

甲烷水合物在冰浆中的鼓泡生成特性

以水合物的形式储运天然气具有储存压力低、安全可靠等优点,但水合物在天然气储运技术领域的应用仍然受到储气量低、生成速度慢等因素的限制。以甲烷水合物为研究对象,通过试验研究了压力、恒温浴温度、表面活性剂SDS质量浓度以及甲烷气体进气时间对甲烷水合物在冰浆中鼓泡生成的作用规律。试验压力范围为4～6 MPa,恒温浴温度范围为-1～1℃,表面活性剂SDS质量浓度范围为100～800 mg/L。结果表明:压力变化对最终的储气体积摩尔浓度影响不大;当恒温浴温度由-1℃上升至1℃时,反应持续时间缩短11.5%～17.4%,储气体积摩尔浓度降低7.4%～8.5%;适当延长进气时间,有助于缩短诱导时间,提高甲烷水合物的生成速率和最终储气体积摩尔浓度。     

急性冰水应激对犬血清甲状腺激素、NO及Na、K、Cl离子含量的影响

通过测定急性冰水应激时犬血清甲状腺激素、NO及Na、K、Cl离子含量的变化,来评价急性冰水应激对犬体内能量代谢、氧化应激状态及电解质平衡的影响。试验选取8只成年杂种犬,保定躯干浸于冰水混合物中(0~4)℃,使其进行冰水浴30 min。分别于处理前0.5 h(-0.5 h)及处理后0、0.5、1、3、7 h进行桡静脉采血2 mL,分离血清后测定其甲状腺激素(T3、T4)、一氧化氮(NO)及Na^+、K^+、Cl^-的含量。结果表明:与-0.5 h(处理前)相比,处理后各时间点犬血清T3含量无显著变化(P>0.05),与-0.5 h及0、3、7 h相比,血清T4含量在0.5 h时显著降低(P<0.05);血清NO含量在处理后各时间点均显著高于处理前0.5 h(P<0.05),且1、3、7 h显著高于0、0.5 h(P<0.05);与-0.5 h相比,处理后3 h血清Na^+含量显著升高(P<0.05),血清K^+含量处理后0 h显著高于1、3、7 h(P<0.05),血清Cl^-含量处理前后差异不显著(P>0.05)。研究表明,急性短期冰水应激会扰乱机体的能量代谢状态、降低T4含量,同时造成氧化应激损伤、使NO含量大量升高;引起血清Na、K离子平衡紊乱、含量升高,提示临床上人或动物发生冰水应激时应及时纠正机体能量代谢、氧化还原平衡和电解质的紊乱。     

粤北冰灾受损杉木林6种人工套种模式的植物多样性研究

基于2008年广东省天井山林场冰灾受损杉木林6种人工套种模式以及自然恢复模式的18个面积为400 m2样地的调查数据,对该区域受损杉木林的植物群落结构及其生物多样性进行了初步研究。结果表明,群落类型有杉木+红花荷、杉木+峨眉含笑、杉木+火力楠、杉木+枫香、杉木+南酸枣、杉木+观光木+深山含笑、杉木纯林。群落的乔木层常见树种为杉木、红花荷、峨眉含笑、火力楠、枫香、南酸枣、阿丁枫、观光木及深山含笑等;灌草层植物以蔓生莠竹、唐竹、山苍子、淡竹叶、空心泡等植物为优势种。各群落乔木层Shannon-Wiener指数从大到小依次为:杉木+观光木+深山含笑>杉木+红花荷>杉木纯林>杉木+枫香>杉木+南酸枣>杉木+火力楠>杉木+峨眉含笑;灌草层Shannon-Wiener指数由大到小依次为:杉木+红花荷>杉木+观光木+深山含笑>杉木+枫香>杉木+火力楠>杉木+峨眉含笑>杉木+南酸枣>杉木纯林。     

Quality of reared gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) during ice storage,as affected by dietary fish oil substitution; an instrumental and sensory designation approach

The fillet fatty acids (FAs) and volatile compounds (VCs) of gilthead sea bream, fed either fish oil‐based diet (FO) or plant oils (PO), were studied in dorsal and ventral fillet parts over a 12‐day ice storage. Fillet FA reflected the FA composition of the respective diets. Monounsaturated FAs were reduced with storage, while no FA differentiations occurred between fillet parts. VCs varied between diet treatments, with food chain‐transported compounds (α‐pinene and dimethylsulphide) showing higher abundance in the FO group. VCs proposed as fish spoilage indicators (trimethylamine, pentanal, propanal, 3‐methylbutanal and 1‐penten‐3‐ol) increased with storage, while concentration of carbon disulphide associated with fresh fish aroma decreased during the same period. VCs varied between fillet parts, with ventral part exhibiting higher concentrations in fat‐soluble (terpenes, aromatic hydrocarbons) and spoilage‐associated VCs. Sensory analysis revealed no significant differences between diet groups with the exception of fattiness, which was found significantly higher in the plant oil group.     

杏仁冰淇淋的制作工艺研究

以杏仁为主要原料之一,研究了制作冰淇淋的生产工艺及技术要点.通过L9（34）正交试验最终确定了杏仁冰淇淋的最佳配方：杏仁乳10%,蔗糖14%,淀粉糖浆8%,人造奶油6%,瓜尔豆胶0.15%,黄原胶0.05%,CMC0.1%,单甘酯0.15%,以此得到营养价值高、风味独特的冰淇淋.     

Impact of short‐term climate effects and sea ice coverage variation on Japanese scallop aquaculture in Saroma Lake,Japan

Saroma Lake is the southernmost lagoon exhibiting seasonal sea ice coverage in the Northern hemisphere and one of the most important aquaculture areas for Japanese scallops (Mizuhopecten yessoensis). Under conditions of adequate food and appropriate temperature, scallops grow well from the time of ice melting in April to harvesting starting in July. However, over the past decade, Saroma Lake frequently has not been completely covered by ice in winter, and the production of Japanese scallops has shown significant changes. Therefore, this study integrated data from satellite remote sensing, buoys, and in situ observations with climatic events [the winter East Asian Monsoon (EAM) and El Niño/La Niña–Southern Oscillation events] to investigate the impact of ice coverage variations on scallop growth in Saroma Lake between 2007 and 2015. Daily ice conditions were detected using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer false colour images and an unsupervised classification method. The results indicated that EAM strongly influenced the ice coverage variation in Saroma Lake through their effects on temperature during winter. Ice coverage variations show a strong correlation with water temperature and spring phytoplankton blooms, which are the two most important environmental factors for scallop growth. In addition, extreme climate events could cause water temperature anomalies (as in 2015) which are unfavourable for scallop growth. Monitoring ice conditions should be considered when developing plans and management strategies for scallop aquaculture in Saroma Lake.     

Suppression subtractive hybridization library construction and identification of epidermal bladder cell related genes in the common ice plant,Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.

Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L., a halophytic species, displays modified trichomes, epidermal bladder cells (EBC), on the surfaces of its aerial organs. EBCs serve to sequester excessive salt from underlying metabolically active tissues. To elucidate the molecular determinants governing EBC development in the common ice plant, we constructed a cDNA-based suppression subtractive hybridization library and identified genes differentially expressed between the wild-type and the EBC-less mutant. After hybridization, 38 clones were obtained. Among them, 24 clones had homology with plant genes of known functions, whose roles might not be directly related to EBC-morphology, while 14 clones were homologous to genes of unknown functions. After confirmation by northern blot analysis, 12 out of 14 clones of unknown functions were chosen for semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis, and the results revealed that three clones designated as MW3, MW21, and MW31 preferentially expressed in the EBC-less mutant, whereas the other two designated as WM10 and WM28 preferentially expressed in the wild type. Among these genes, the expression of a putative jasmonate-induced gene, designated as WM28 was completely suppressed in the EBC-mutant. In addition, the deletion of C-box cis-acting element was found in the promoter region of WM28 in the EBC-less mutant. Overexpression of WM28 in Arabidopsis resulted in increased trichome number due to the upregulation of key trichome-related genes GLABRA1 (GL1), and GLABRA3 (GL3). These results demonstrate that WM28 can be an important factor responsible for EBC formation, and also suggest the similarity of developmental mechanism between trichome in Arabidopsis and EBC in common ice plant.