Identification of novel glutelin subunits and a comparison of glutelin composition between japonica and indica rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Glutelin, a major protein in rice grains, is encoded by a multigene family. However, its protein composition is not well characterised. Here, we identified and characterised two novel glutelin subunits, GluBX and GluC. The individual glutelin subunits of japonica cv. Nipponbare and indica cv. 93-11 rice were analysed using 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis, LC–MS/MS, and Western blotting. Comparison of the glutelin profiles between three japonica and three indica cultivars indicated two distinct subunits (GluA-1 and GluA-3 isomers) and a distinction in the subunit composition (notably GluA-3 and Lys-rich GluB-1 components) of these two subspecies. Sequence alignment revealed different nutritional (Lys residues) and functional (Cys residues) characteristics between the type-A and type-B glutelin subfamilies. We also analysed amino acid and total protein contents of the grains in thirty-five cultivars, and we demonstrated that the Lys-rich glutelin composition of indica cultivars is superior to that of japonica cultivars. The Lys-rich and Cys-poor GluBX subunit is a native protein and is a high nutritional protein in grains. Our combined approaches for the identification of glutelin subunits have revealed the nutritional characteristics of individual subunits in rice, and this knowledge will provide new insights for improving grain quality during rice breeding.     

西宁市城区不同绿化带增湿效应研究

通过对西宁市城区不同绿化带的增湿效应测定分析,结果表明:与对照点相比,乔木-灌木-地被绿化带类型日平均湿度增加了6.20%;乔木-灌木绿化带类型日平均湿度增加了5.15%;乔木绿化带类型日平均湿度增加了3.27%。乔木-灌木-地被类型增湿效应最好,其次是乔木-灌木类型,乔木类型虽具有一定的增湿效应,但是效果较差。不同绿化带类型的增湿效应存在明显差异,相关系数R2为0.801。     

基于无线传感器网络的农业温室环境测控系统研究

从无线传感器网络的体系结构、在温室环境中的应用等方面探讨了基于无线传感器网络的农业温室环境测控系统,为实现把无线传感器网络技术与温室环境相结合,达到智能化、自动化的目标,进而提高温室条件下农作物生产效益做出了一定的探索。     

基于图像处理技术的果树树叶稀密程度的检测

为了解决现有果树树叶稀密程度检测方法要求采集图像时采用标准白板标定或固定成像距离的问题,本文提出一种新的基于图像处理技术的检测果树树叶稀密程度的方法——最大轮廓矩形法。该方法采用超绿色法、Ostu、中值滤波去噪、腐蚀和膨胀等图像处理技术将果树图像有效分割出来,通过检测经图像处理后的二值图像中整棵果树最大轮廓所占的面积,再检测整幅图像中树叶与树干所占的面积,根据果树树叶稀密程度的定义即可计算树叶稀密程度。结果表明,该方法不需要固定成像距离和使用白板标定,最大轮廓矩形法对果树图像面积的检测是因果树实际图像而异的,不存在现有方法统一采用相机所设定的图像大小作为最大轮廓而导致所检测到的树叶稀密程度偏小的问题;20张果树样本图像采用两种方法检测的果树树叶稀密程度的最大差值为0．2950,最小差值为0．0027。     

Cellular prion proteins in humans and cattle but not sheep are characterized by a low-solubility phenotype

A feature of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies is the accumulation of infectious prion proteins (PrP^Sc), which are formed by the conversion of physiological prion proteins (PrP^C). As PrP^C, which is modified posttranslationally with various types of glycoproteins, serves as the substrates for PrP^Sc conversion, various PrP^C subtypes may play a role in the formation of PrP^Sc and species-specific transmission; the cattle disease BSE is transmissible naturally to humans, but the sheep disease scrapie is not. To reveal new mechanisms modulating prion conversion, we analyzed the PrP^C profiles by determining the differential PrP^C protein solubilities in the anionic and nonionic detergents N-lauroylsarcosine, N-octyl-β-d-glucopyranoside, CHAPS and deoxycholic acid. We compared the resulting solubility profiles of human PrP^C with the solubility profiles of PrP^C from sheep and cattle. The PrP^C subtypes were differentially soluble. However, non-glycosylated PrP^C from cattle and human was found explicitly in the insoluble fraction, while non-glycosylated ovine PrP^C was detected in the soluble fraction. These findings indicate the existence of low-solubility PrP^C phenotypes in cattle and humans.     

Mast cells and canine mast cell tumours. A review

Summary

This article reviews the literature on mast cells and tumours derived from mast cells in the dog. Mast cells play a central role in inflammatory and inunune reactions. Mast cells, normal and neoplastic, contain and release important biologically active substances: heparin, histamine, eosinophilic chemotactic factor and proteolytic enzymes.

Mast cell tumours occur in the dog, particularly in the boxer and related breeds, in the skin and less frequently in the intestines. Cytology usually provides an accurate diagnosis, but histological examination adds further information concerning the histologic grade and the completeness of surgical therapy. Cutaneous mast cell tumours should be regarded as potentially malignant and therefore be removed widely (3 cm. margin). Local recurrence, regional and distant metastases together with paraneoplastic disorders may cause the death of the pet. Histologic grading (2 or 3 grades) and clinical staging together with kinetic parameters and breed (boxers have relatively benign tumours) are important prognostic parameters. Based on prognostic criteria, surgical treatment should be completed with adjuvant radiotherapy, corticosteroids and eventually with combined chemotherapy. A novel, promising therapy is the application of the receptor kinase inhibitor. The study of the pathogenesis of mast cell tumours received new impetus by the finding of mutations, deletions and duplications, in exons 11 and 12 of the C‐kit oncogene. Further study of physiological and oncological aspects of mast cells are favoured by the availability of mast cells isolated from spontaneous mast cell tumours and of cultured cell lines.     

环境温湿度对丝织物光老化性能的影响

丝织物老化是多因素综合作用的结果,研究丝织物在氙灯照射下环境温湿度对其老化过程的影响,为丝绸文物的保护提供科学依据。以力学性能、表面形貌、红外光谱、特性粘度等对丝织物的老化状况进行表征,试验结果表明在氙灯照射下,环境温度、湿度对丝织物的老化速度和老化程度都有明显的影响:随着温度、湿度升高,丝织物的老化速度加快,蚕丝蛋白的结晶区破坏越严重,丝织物的老化程度也越严重,尤其是在较高的湿度环境(RH 70%)中,丝织物的初期老化速度较快,之后趋于平缓,而且在该湿度环境中,温度升高后丝织物的老化速度和老化程度增加不明显;在较低的湿度环境(RH 20%)中,丝织物的老化速度趋于恒定,并且温度的升高对丝织物的老化速度和老化程度影响明显。研究结果显示,高温高湿环境会加剧丝织物的光老化速度和老化程度,并且湿度的影响更为显著。     

河间气象站迁站对比观测数据分析

利用2012年河间国家一般气象站新旧站的气温、相对湿度、风、深层地温等资料,对河间气象站迁站观测数据进行统计对比分析。结果表明,由于所使用仪器设备不同、站址周围环境不同、下垫面性质不同,造成观测数据有一定差异。新旧站月平均气温差值为-0.5～0℃,月平均最高气温差值为-0.4～0.2℃,月平均最低气温差值为-0.8～0℃,月极端最高气温差值为-1.1～0.6℃,月极端最低气温差值为-1.2～0.3℃,年平均气温、年平均最高气温、年平均最低气温新站均低于旧站,年极端最高气温新站高于旧站,年极端最低气温新站低于旧站;新旧站月平均相对湿度差值为2%～6%,月最小相对湿度差值为-4%～5%,年最小相对湿度新旧站相同;新旧站月2 min平均风速差值为-0.1～0.4 m/s,月最大风速差值为-1.2～2.2 m/s,月极大风速差值为-2.0～2.8 m/s,年最大风速新站与旧站基本相同,年极大风速新站比旧站明显偏大;年风向频率新站小于旧站,年最多风向新站为S,旧站为SSW;新旧站40 cm地温月平均差值为-1.1～2.5℃,80 cm地温月平均差值为-2.4～2.1℃,160 cm地温月平均差值为-2.5～2.7℃,320 cm地温月平均差值为-1.6～1.1℃,40、160 cm深层地温年平均温度新站均高于旧站,80、320 cm深层地温年平均温度新站低于旧站。     

湿度对赤眼蜂羽化的影响

通过对不同种群的两种赤眼蜂3个品系进行生物学特性试验,比较了不同湿度下各品系的羽化率、羽化出蜂率及平均单卵羽化孔数,发现不同种型及生态型的赤眼蜂羽化时对湿度的反应不同。螟黄赤眼蜂M-TC品系对湿度要求较高,喜高湿极不耐低湿;松毛虫赤眼蜂S-TL品系在高湿和低湿下抗逆性较好,松毛虫赤眼蜂S-AC品系在适宜湿度下羽化特性最好,可根据以上特性针对不同的地理、气候特点加以应用。     

不同灌木覆盖状态下防风机理研究

.通过野外观测,定量研究毛乌素沙地西南缘不同灌木覆盖状态下的防风机理。以沙蒿灌木林地和沙柳灌木 林地为研究对象,裸沙地作为对照,用多剖面自计式遥测风速仪连续观测、记录距离地面0.1、0.5、1.0、2.0、3.0、 4.0、5.0 和6.0 m 8 个不同垂直高度位置的风速变化。通过对风速测定结果的统计分析,绘制3 种状态下的风速廓 线图,并计算风速廓线方程、边界层位移厚度、边界层动量损失厚度和空气动力学粗糙度。结果表明:沙蒿灌木林 和沙柳灌木林在近地层较裸露沙地有明显的降低风速作用,随着风速增大这种作用逐渐减弱。不同地表覆盖的空 气动力学粗糙度随着风速的增大而呈对数减小。当风速较大时,边界层位移厚度比空气动力学粗糙度能更实际地 反映整体观测高度范围内风速降低的状况。从空气动量的角度分析,有植被覆盖的地表空气动量损失比较稳定, 裸沙地的空气动量损失则随风速增大而减小。