乡村旅游发展对农户增收的影响分析——基于中国CFPS数据的HLM分析

基于中国31个省份政府治理水平评价指标体系的宏观数据和CFPS农户家庭收入的微观数据，实证分析中国乡村旅游业发展对农户收入的影响及其作用机制。研究发现：乡村旅游的发展无助于农户收入的提高，大部分旅游业利润被农户以外的旅游企业和其他组织获取，而旅游业发展导致的生态成本却由当地农户承担；政府的有效治理有助于农户在乡村旅游发展中获得更多利润；乡村旅游发展需要改变农户生计模式，才能提高农民收入。因此，政府应积极提高治理水平，增强农户的旅游参与度，引导农户调整生计模式，提高工资性收入在农户收入中的比重，才能切实通过旅游发展助力农户收入提高。     

社会化服务发达条件下粮食生产农户土地流转意愿研究

本文运用有序多分类Logistic回归分析法对社会化服务发达条件下粮食生产农户的土地流转意愿及影响因素进行实证分析。结果表明,不同兼业条件下的农户土地流转意愿存在显著差异,纯农户希望保持不变的意愿比较强烈,二兼农户希望流出土地的意愿表现较强。影响农户不同流转意愿的因素主要有户主年龄、受教育程度、非农收入所占比重、兼业用工所占比重、农用生产资料费用。     

Farmers' perception of vegetation changes in semi‐arid Niger

Vegetation changes due to climate and human impact in Sahelian countries are rarely documented at species composition level. The decrease or disappearance of certain plant species reduces vegetation cover and enhances the exposure of soil surfaces to wind and water erosion leading to increased land degradation. Men and women in Niger were asked to note plant species and relate their numerical development to pre‐defined observation criteria comparing the present and past. Plant species in decline or that had disappeared were reported more often than species that had increased or were newly introduced. The increasing species that were mentioned were often in use for different purposes and seem to be robust enough and well adapted to the semi‐arid environment. But the interviewed farmers also stated the loss of many valuable species that they used for construction and hand tools, consumption, medicine or fodder. Those declining species are of socio‐economic importance for individual households and the rural ecology. Men mentioned 18 species that had disappeared. Differences in the perception of men and women could be found. Women seemed to have a better perception for species which had increased or were newly introduced, whereas men perceived more a decrease or disappearance of species. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.