中国刺蛾科幼虫的寄主植物多样性分析

刺蛾科Limacodidae是鳞翅目中1个相对较小的科,是果树、园林及经济作物的主要害虫。目前我国已知64属230种,其中89种有幼虫的寄主植物记录。文章列出了这89种刺蛾及其寄主植物,并对其食性多样性及特点进行了分析。结果表明:中国刺蛾科昆虫涉及到的寄主植物共有64科,其中以茶科上的刺蛾种类最多,达47种,占总数的52.8%。     

Heat stress-induced mucosal barrier dysfunction is potentially associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis in pigs

Heat stress(HS)can be detrimental to the gut health of swine.Many negative outcomes induced by HS are increasingly recognized as including modulation of intestinal microbiota.In turn,the intestinal microbiota is a unique ecosystem playing a critical role in mediating the host stress response.Therefore,we aimed to characterize gut microbiota of pigs’exposure to short-term HS,to explore a possible link between the intestinal microbiota and HS-related changes,including serum cytokines,oxidation status,and intestinal epithelial barrier function.Our findings showed that HS led to intestinal morphological and integrity changes(villus height,serum diamine oxidase[DAO],serum D-lactate and the relative expressions of tight junction proteins),reduction of serum cytokines(interleukin[IL]-8,IL-12,interferongamma[IFN-g]),and antioxidant activity(higher glutathione[GSH]and malondialdehyde[MDA]content,and lower superoxide dismutase[SOD]).Also,16S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed that although there was no difference in microbial a-diversity,some HS-associated composition differences were revealed in the ileum and cecum,which partly led to an imbalance in the production of short-chain fatty acids including propionate acid and valerate acid.Relevance networks revealed that HS-derived changes in bacterial genera and microbial metabolites,such as Chlamydia,Lactobacillus,Succinivibrio,Bifidobacterium,Lachnoclostridium,and propionic acid,were correlated with oxidative stress,intestinal barrier dysfunction,and inflammation in pigs.Collectively,our observations suggest that intestinal damage induced by HS is probably partly related to the gut microbiota dysbiosis,though the underlying mechanism remains to be fully elucidated.     

甘肃省木本植物上的白粉菌

通过对甘肃农业大学树木病害实验室所藏甘肃木本植物上白粉菌标本的研究，鉴定出甘肃白粉菌新记录4种，它们是猪毛菜内丝白粉菌（Leveillula saxaouli（Sorok．） Golov）、胡桃球针壳（Phyllactinia juglandis Tao ＆ Qin）、隐蔽又丝单囊壳（Podosphaera clandestina （Wallr．） Lev．）、萨蒙球针壳（Phyllactinia salmonii Blum．）；记录了锦鸡儿柬丝壳（Trichocladia sp．）和刺槐白粉菌（Erysip比sp．）2个未知种；国内寄主新记录1个，为小叶柳（Salix hypoleuca Seem）。描述了病害的症状、病原形态、寄主植物、采集日期和采集地点。     

寄主植物对青花菜上桃蚜试验种群的影响

研究了桃蚜对10种寄主植物的选择性以及青花菜、小白菜、油麦菜对桃蚜生长发育和繁殖的影响,并以作用因子组建3种寄主上桃蚜试验种群生命表.结果表明,芥菜、结球甘蓝、小白菜和青花莱为桃蚜的嗜好寄主;桃蚜在油麦菜上的发育历期较长,而产仔量较少;小白菜、青花菜上桃蚜种群趋势指数较大,分别为27.82和26.63,较适合桃蚜种群增长,油麦菜上桃蚜种群趋势指教较小,为16.82,对桃蚜种群增长有一定的抑制作用.     

组合桩型复合地基的方案选择与承载力计算

根据不同工程地质条件,给出了可供选择的组合桩型复合地基设计方案。在确定组合桩型复合地基承载力时,考虑组合桩型复合地基受荷后的实际工作性状、施工方法对桩间土承载力的综合影响,引入主控桩、辅桩和桩间土承载力发挥系数及桩间土承载力提高系数,提出了组合桩型复合地基承载力分步计算新方法。实例验证表明:采用本研究公式所得复合地基承载力计算值与载荷试验实测值基本吻合。     

螺旋粉虱发生及综合防治研究进展

从螺旋粉虱的分布区域、寄主范围、危害特征以及综合防治措施等方面阐述了国内外对螺旋粉虱的研究进展。     

自觉选择的命运——麦克白形象新析

文章分析了莎士比亚名剧《麦克白》中的英雄麦克白堕落的原因,认为决定性原因在于麦克白自身,在于他未能抵制野心和权欲的诱惑,而其夫人的蛊惑和女巫的预言等仅仅是起催化作用的外因。文章指出麦克白最终的结局是他自己自觉选择的命运。