滴灌条件下水肥耦合对北疆冬小麦生理生长和产量的影响

[目的]研究滴灌下水肥耦合对北疆冬小麦生理生长与产量的影响,确定北疆滴灌冬小麦最佳水肥施用量.[方法]供试作物为当地主栽小麦品种新冬8号.采用2因素3水平设计,2因素为灌水量和施氮量,灌水量3个水平分别为2 700、3 600、4 500 m3/hm2,施氮量3个水平分别为150、450、750 kg/hm2;对照为常规畦灌处理,灌水4次,灌水量为3 600 m3/hm2,施肥量为450 kg/hm2.[结果]滴灌和畦灌条件下冬小麦株高变化趋势为返青分蘖期至抽穗期急剧增长,抽穗后株高增长相对缓慢;拔节期水分增加对小麦株高的影响较大;在相同灌水量的情况下,冬小麦株高随着施氮量的增加而增大;在相同施氮量的情况下,滴灌冬小麦株高随着灌水量的增加而增大.滴灌和畦灌条件下,冬小麦叶面积指数（LAI）在生育期内呈正态曲线变化,随着小麦生育期推进LAI呈先升后降的变化趋势,孕穗期LAI最高;在相同灌水量的情况下,随着施氮量的增加,LAI也增大;在相同施氮量的情况下,随着灌水量的增加,LAI随着增大;水肥耦合对小麦产量、穗数、千粒重和质量影响较大,但对穗粒数的影响不显著.[结论]该研究可为大面积推广冬小麦滴灌技术和制定合理的灌溉施肥管理措施提供科学依据.     

小麦对秆锈菌新小种Ug99的抗性研究进展

为了及时了解国际小麦育种的发展动态,介绍了国外在小麦秆锈病新小种Ug99抗性方面的研究进展,主要包括成立国际锈病研究协作网,负责全球范围的小麦锈病研究;基本明确了Ug99的可能传播路线;在肯尼亚对17个国家和组织的4157份小麦品种进行了抗性鉴定,337份表现抗病,为抗病育种提供了重要亲本;明确了现有抗性基因的利用价值,建议利用Sr2、Sr24、Sr26、Sr36、SrTmp和来自1A／1R易位的未知抗性基因,采用持久抗性与主效基因相结舍的策略,通过分子标记辅助选择提高品种选育效率。最后提出了国内技术储备的主要内容。     

平茬时间和平茬高度对日光温室茄子长季节再生的影响

[目的]为目光温室茄子长季节再生优质高产栽培奠定基础。[方法]通过种植试验研究了日光温室茄子长季节再生的适宜平茬时间和平茬高度。[结果]日光温室茄子平茬时间应选在8月20～30日进行;适宜的平茬高度宜在门茄分枝以上5～10cm处。[结论]该研究可为日光温室茄子长季节优质高产栽培提供理论指导。     

2011年中国北方H9N2亚型禽流感病毒分离株HA基因进化分析及受体结合性检测

为了解近期中国北方禽源H9N2亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)流行规律及分子遗传进化特征,本实验对2011年在中国北方家禽中分离到的11株H9N2亚型AIV通过RT-PCR扩增病毒的HA基因片段,进行测序及遗传进化分析,并对这些病毒的受体结合性进行了检测.结果表明:11株H9N2亚型AIV分离株的HA基因在HA1和HA2的氨基酸裂解位点均为PSRSSR/GLF基序,符合低致病性病毒株氨基酸序列特征.多数病毒HA潜在糖基化位点为8个,所有分离株病毒的受体结合位点226位均为L,经红细胞受体结合性试验验证表明这些病毒均同时具有α-2,3和α-2,6受体结合特性,表明目前北方地区流行的H9N2亚型AIV具有感染哺乳动物的潜在威胁.本研究结果对加强H9N2病毒的分子流行病学监测具有重要意义.     

单核细胞增生性李斯特氏菌virR和mprF基因分布

为了研究virR和mprF基因在单核细胞增生性李斯特氏菌中的分布状况,为单核细胞增生性李斯特氏菌的防治及追踪污染源提供依据,本试验以分离自石家庄、保定地区的生鲜肉、水产品、速冻食品等6类不同来源共189株单核细胞增生性李斯特氏菌菌株为研究对象,利用热启动PCR技术对virR和mprF基因的分布进行了检测。结果表明:virR基因的总检出率为92.1%,mprF基因的总检出率为96.3%,且同时含有这2个基因的概率为91.5%;食品来源不同,单核细胞增生性李斯特氏菌virR、mprF基因的检出率稍有差异,且同一来源的菌株其mprF的检出率都稍高于virR,这表明不同的基因在单核细胞增生性李斯特氏菌中的分布存在差异。     

奶牛乳房炎金黄色葡萄球菌8种毒力基因的PCR检测

为研究奶牛乳房炎金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus,SA)主要毒力因子的分布情况,本试验利用PCR对70株临床型乳房炎、55株隐性乳房炎金黄色葡萄球菌的8种主要毒力基因进行检测。结果显示,nuc、ClfA、TSST-1、PVL、Hla、Hlb、FnBPA和FnBPB 8种毒力基因在临床型乳房炎SA菌株中的检出率分别为:100.0%(70株)、100.0%(70株)、0(0株)、5.7%(4株)、100.0%(70株)、11.4%(8株)、97.1%(68株)和100.0%(70株);在隐性乳房炎SA菌株中的检出率分别为:100.0%(55株)、100.0%(55株)、0(0株)、70.9%(39株)、98.2%(54株)、9.1%(5株)、100.0%(55株)和100.0%(55株)。结果表明,nuc、ClfA、Hla、Hlb和FnBPA 5种毒力基因是引起奶牛乳房炎的SA的最主要毒力基因;PVL基因可能是引起隐性乳房炎的重要致病基因。     

Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Genes of Campylobacter spp. Isolated from Chicken and Swine Farms in Jiangsu Province

The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial resistance, virulence genes of Campylobacter spp. isolated from chicken and swine farms in Jiangsu Province. Campylobacter spp. were isolated and identified from two hundred and fifty fecal samples collected from twenty-five animal farms in Jiangsu Province. Campylobacter strains were tested for the antimicrobial susceptibility against to 9 kinds of antimicrobial agents by using an agar dilution method. Eight virulence genes (cdtB, cadF, htrB, clpP, csrA, wlaN, cstⅡ, and cgtB) were detected by polymerase chain reaction. Ninety-three Campylobacter strains were isolated and identified from 250 samples, including 45 C. jejuni strains and 48 C. coli strains. The highest percentage of antimicrobial resistance was found for nalidixic acid (80.0%), tetracycline (71.1%) and ciprofloxacin (66.7%) in C. jejuni isolates. The C. coli isolates were most frequently resistant to erythromycin (87.5%), nalidixic acid (79.2%) and azithromycin (72.9%). Moreover, the multi-drug resistance (resistance to three or more antimicrobial classes) was common among Campylobacter isolates with a rate of 67.7%. On the other hand, the 93 Campylobacter strains showed a wide variation for the presence of the 8 virulence genes, cdtB and cadF were positive for all isolates,while htrB, clpP, csrA, wlaN, cstⅡ and cgtB was 97.8%, 76.3%, 18.3%, 5.4%, 2.2%, and 0%, respectively. The results indicated that the multiple drug resistance of Campylobacter strains from animal origin was relatively serious. In addition, the virulence-associated genes were detected widely among Campylobacter strains.     

乌鲁木齐市冬春两季宠物源葡萄球菌的耐药性及耐药基因比较

采用琼脂稀释法,检测从乌鲁木齐市部分宠物医院冬季和春季分离鉴定的154株宠物源葡萄球菌(冬季75株、春季79株)对临床常用的12种抗菌药物(阿米卡星、克林霉素、硫酸庆大霉素、氟苯尼考、四环素、利福平、恩诺沙星、青霉素、苯唑西林、阿莫西林/克拉维酸、头孢噻呋、左氧氟沙星)的耐药性;通过卡方检验,比较供试菌耐药性差异;采用PCR方法,检测葡萄球菌的5类9种耐药基因。对抗菌药物的耐药结果显示:冬季葡萄球菌对苯唑西林和青霉素的耐药率高于90.0%,对头孢噻呋和四环素的耐药率高于50.0%;春季葡萄球菌对左氧氟沙星耐药率达92.4%,对苯唑西林和氟苯尼考耐药率高于80.0%。卡方检验结果显示:冬季葡萄球菌仅对苯唑西林的耐药率显著高于春季葡萄球菌(P0.05);春季葡萄球菌对氟苯尼考、利福平、左氧氟沙星、恩诺沙星和阿莫西林/克拉维酸的耐药率均显著高于冬季葡萄球菌(P0.05)。多药耐药差异性结果显示:冬季葡萄球菌多药耐药集中在1～3耐;春季葡萄球菌多药耐药集中在4、6、9耐。基因检测结果显示:冬季葡萄球菌主要检出的基因有ermB(40.0%,30/75)和fexA(22.7%,17/75);春季葡萄球菌主要检出的基因有fexA(39.3%,31/79)和femA(20.3%,16/79),冬、春季葡萄球菌均未检出cfr、fexB和tetA基因。     

刈割方式对饲草玉米SAUMZ1产量和饲用品质的影响

采用大田小区栽培,研究了不同留茬高度和刈割时草长对饲草玉米SAUMZ1(以下简称饲草玉米)产量和饲用品质的影响。结果表明,留茬25 cm的处理与留茬15 cm处理的总鲜草产量、总干草产量、相对饲用价值(RFV)、粗蛋白(CP)含量及CP总产量差异均不显著,但均显著高于留茬5 cm处理。处理C220(草长220 cm时刈割)的鲜草产量、干草产量和CP产量均显著高于处理C190(草长190 cm时刈割),但CP含量和RFV较低,中性洗涤纤维(NDF)含量较高。处理C160(草长160 cm时刈割)的鲜、干草产量和CP产量均显著低于对照处理,但CP含量和RFV较高。研究表明,留茬25 cm、草长190 cm刈割适用于青饲;留茬15 cm、草长220 cm刈割适用于青贮。     

Genetic mapping of the barley Rrs14 scald resistance gene with RFLP, isozyme and seed storage protein markers

The scald susceptible barley cultivar ‘Clipper’ and a third‐backcross (BC₃) line homozygous for the Rrs14 scald resistance gene that originally came from Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum were grown in replicated field trials. The level of resistance that Rrs14 confers against field populations of the pathogen Rhynchosporium secalis, the causal agent of scald disease, was evaluated. The Rrs14 BC₃ line exhibited 80% and 88% less leaf damage than ‘Clipper’ in 1995 and 1996, respectively. Given this effectiveness of Rrs14, research was undertaken to identify a linked marker locus suitable for indirect selection of Rrs14. Based on linkage to a set of previously mapped loci, Rrs14 was positioned to barley chromosome 1H between the seed storage protein (hordein) loci Hor1 and Hor2, approximately 1.8 cM from the latter locus. The Hor2 locus is thus an ideal codominant molecular marker for Rrs14. The tight linkage between Rrs14 and Hor2 and the availability of alternative biochemical and molecular techniques for scoring Hor2 genotypes, permits simple indirect selection of Rrs14 in barley scald resistance breeding programmes.