Proper reprogramming of imprinted and non‐imprinted genes in cloned cattle gametogenesis

Epigenetic abnormalities in cloned animals are caused by incomplete reprogramming of the donor nucleus during the nuclear transfer step (first reprogramming). However, during the second reprogramming step that occurs only in the germline cells, epigenetic errors not corrected during the first step are repaired. Consequently, epigenetic abnormalities in the somatic cells of cloned animals should be erased in their spermatozoa or oocytes. This is supported by the fact that offspring from cloned animals do not exhibit defects at birth or during postnatal development. To test this hypothesis in cloned cattle, we compared the DNA methylation level of two imprinted genes (H19 and PEG3) and three non‐imprinted genes (XIST, OCT4 and NANOG) and two repetitive elements (Satellite I and Satellite II) in blood and sperm DNAs from cloned and non‐cloned bulls. We found no differences between cloned and non‐cloned bulls. We also analyzed the DNA methylation levels of four repetitive elements (Satellite I, Satellite II, Alpha‐satellite and Art2) in oocytes recovered from cloned and non‐cloned cows. Again, no significant differences were observed between clones and non‐clones. These results suggested that imprinted and non‐imprinted genes and repetitive elements were properly reprogramed during gametogenesis in cloned cattle; therefore, they contributed to the soundness of cloned cattle offspring.     

华北驼绒藜不同留茬高度对其产草量的影响研究

观察测定3种不同留茬设置下刈割后的华北驼绒藜的再生情况,综合分析其长势及产量。结果显示,9-10cm留茬设置植株高度最高,达到（41．27±11．06）cm;6～7cm留茬设置分蘖数最多．达到（40．17±10．27）条;产草量最高的为6-7cm留茬设置。由试验结果可以得出,6～7cm留茬设置是华北驼绒藜刈割留茬的最佳设置。     

新疆黑蜂基因组选择信号分析

【目的】分析新疆黑蜂(Xinjiang Black bee)与4个引进西方蜜蜂品种间的遗传进化关系,并通过检测基因组选择信号,发掘新疆黑蜂重要种质特性相关的候选基因。【方法】对新疆黑蜂、意大利蜜蜂(Apis mellifera ligustica)、高加索蜂(Apis mellifera caucasica)、卡尼鄂拉蜂(Apis mellifera carnica)、欧洲黑蜂(Apis mellifera mellifera)共5个蜂种50个蜂王个体和1个长白山中华蜜蜂蜂王(Apis cerana cerana)样本进行全基因组重测序数据分析,鉴定新疆黑蜂的单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism, SNP)标记,以长白山中华蜜蜂为外群利用邻接法构建系统进化树以阐明新疆黑蜂的进化关系,利用SNP信息进行新疆黑蜂的主成分分析、群体遗传结构分析及连锁不平衡分析;采用群体遗传分化指数(Fst)和核苷酸多样性比值(θπ)方法检测新疆黑蜂与其他西方蜜蜂群体间的选择信号,并对提取到的受选择区域候选基因进行GO功能和KEGG通路富集分析。【结果】在新疆黑蜂中共鉴...     

植物香豆素生物合成途径及关键酶基因研究进展

香豆素是来源于苯丙烷代谢途径中重要的次级代谢产物,具有多种生物活性,对植物的生长发育及应答逆境胁迫有重要作用。本研究对香豆素生物合成途径以及所涉及的关键酶基因研究进展进行综述,分析了葡萄糖基转移酶基因家族的系统进化,并对香豆素目前研究的问题进行总结以及今后的研究方向进行展望,以期为香豆素生物合成及其后续研究提供借鉴。     

Associations between yearling body measurements and career racing performance in Thoroughbred racehorses

Yearling morphometric measurements and variables related to career racing performance were collected on 260 Thoroughbreds to determine correlations between and among these traits. Morphometric measurements were adjusted to 365 days based on interpolation from adjacent age points and included wither and hip height, body length, distal limb length, cannon circumference, heartgirth circumference, and chest width. Measures of career racing ability included total earnings, win percentage, and Standard Starts Index (SSI). Wither height and hip height were favorably correlated with lifetime earnings, SSI, and win percentage. Body length and heartgirth were positively correlated with SSI and win percentage. Leg traits were not correlated with any performance parameters. Horses that had placed in or won a stakes race tended to be taller at the wither and hip as yearlings. Horses categorized as preferring turf tended to be taller at the wither and hip at 365 days than those that preferred to run on dirt. No significant difference in yearling morphometric measurements between sprinters and routers was detected. In addition to phenotype and pedigree information, morphometric measurements taken in the yearling year may allow for more accurate estimation of future performance in the Thoroughbred racehorse.     

李氏杆菌研究进展

李氏杆菌病是一种重要的人畜共患传染病 ,主要由单核细胞增多性李氏杆菌引起 ,呈世界性分布。文章回顾了李氏杆菌的分离鉴定、培养、分型等生物学特性以及与其毒力有关的基因功能方面的研究进展 ,着重就该病诊断和检测的重要性以及 EL ISA和 PCR检测方法进行了概述 ,同时对该病的免疫预防和今后的研究重点进了探讨     

H-Y抗原候选基因的研究进展

雄性特异性组织相容性抗原(male specific minor histompatibility antigens,H-Y抗原)是由Y染色体上的基因编码,在雄性动物细胞中普遍表达(包括胚胎和滋养层细胞)。H-Y抗原不仅能引起基因型相同的雌性动物排斥雄性组织,也能导致人白细胞抗原匹配干细胞移植术后出现移植抗宿主性疾病(GVH)。细胞毒性T淋巴细胞检测到几个不同的H-Y抗原表位,这些肽是从胞内蛋白分离出来,由主要组织相容性复合分子结合呈递在细胞表面。H-Y抗原肽与人白细胞抗原Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类分子特异结合参与免疫反应,从而影响移植结果。近年来越来越多的文献报道了H-Y抗原的相关研究,作者主要综述编码H-Y抗原的相关候选基因,并对它在疾病等方面的前景作出了一些展望。     

Research Progress on Bacterial Resistance in Environment

Antibiotic resistance genes have become a recognized environmental pollutant, threatening the ecological safety and human health. The application of antibiotics in the clinical and animals breeding, making the environmental microorganisms living with the impact of the residue of antibiotics and elements of resistance genetic and leading to antibiotic resistant bacteria to gain a competitive advantage and destroyed the stability of ecosystem. In this paper, we expounded the concept of resistance gene transmission by the view of macro environment. Through analyzing the mechanism of resistance development,environmental pollution caused by drug resistance and the impact of environmental microorganism for drug resistance, we clarified the key role of the environment in the development of the characteristics of bacterial resistance and analysis environmental resistance.Such as the ecological diversity of flora, the types and the spread of resistant bacteria, the residues of antibiotics and the transmission of the resistance genes.     

论现代篮球运动的速度对抗

通过对速度对抗的概念、作用和意义的分析与讨论,从而更加清楚地认识到速度对抗在当今篮球比赛中的重要性。速度对抗正取代高度对抗成为现代篮球运动攻守对抗中的主流现象。