毛果青冈1年生苗各器官干物质生产分配及相关关系

通过播种育苗,研究毛果青冈Cyclobalanopsis pachyloma1年生苗各器官干物质生产分配的变化规律。经定期测定和回归分析,并拟合苗木各器官干物质生产分配及相关关系和异速生长的数学模型,结果表明:苗木干物质的生产分配在出苗期、生长初期和生长盛期末及生长后期以根为主,在生长盛期以叶为主;茎在生长盛期未分配量较多但在整个生长期其分配量均小于根和叶;苗木各器官干物质生产分配与苗木地径、苗高的生长存在着极显著的相关关系;拟合的数学模型效果好,可用来估测和分析毛果青冈1年生苗在各生长时期各器官的干物质生产分配量。图1表4参11     

Ralstonia solanacearum virulence in tomato seedlings inoculated by leaf clipping

Ralstonia solanacearum is a phytopathogenic bacterium that colonizes the xylem vessels of host plants leading to a lethal wilt disease. Although several studies have investigated the virulence of R. solanacearum on adult host plants, infection studies of this pathogen on the seedling stages of hosts are less common. In a preliminary observation, inoculation of R. solanacearum F1C1 on 6‐ to 7‐day‐old tomato seedlings by a simple leaf‐clip strategy resulted in a lethal pathogenic condition in seedlings that eventually killed these seedlings within a week post‐inoculation. This prompted testing of the effect of this inoculation technique in seedlings from different cultivars of tomato and similar results were obtained. Colonization and spread of the bacteria throughout the infected seedlings was demonstrated using gus‐tagged R. solanacearum F1C1. The same method of inoculating tomato seedlings was used with R. solanacearum GMI1000 and independent mutants of R. solanacearum GMI1000, deficient in the virulence genes hrpB, hrpG, phcA and gspD. Wildtype R. solanacearum GMI1000 was found to be virulent on tomato seedlings, whereas the mutants were found to be non‐virulent. This leaf‐clip technique, for inoculation of tomato seedlings, has the potential to be a valuable approach, saving time, space, labour and costs.     

持续低温阴雨寡照天气对甘蔗出苗的影响及控制对策

对广西上思县长时间低温阴雨寡照天气对甘蔗出苗的影响进行了调查与分析。结果表明,由于长时间低温阴雨寡照天气的严重影响,造成2011年上思县甘蔗出苗迟、出苗少、苗势弱,甚至烂芽烂种,若及时采取补救措施和加强前期管理工作,可有效降低受灾率并可挽回经济损失。     

基于深度学习算法的京津冀地区综合干旱评估模型构建

及时准确的干旱评估对社会经济发展和农业生产具有重要的指导意义,当前的干旱评估指标通常仅考虑植被或降水等单方面影响因素,在实际干旱评估中存在一定的局限性。本研究综合考虑降水、温度、地形等多个干旱致灾因子,以主要产粮基地京津冀地区为例,基于2007-2017年地表温度（Land Surface Temperature,LST）、归一化植被指数（Normalized Difference Vegetation Index,NDVI）以及降水等多源数据,利用深度学习框架Tensorflow构建以标准化降水蒸散发指数（Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index,SPEI）为目标值的综合干旱评估模型。利用决定系数（R2）和均方根误差（RMSE）对模型进行测试;利用站点标准化降水指数（Standardized Precipitation Index,SPI）、土壤相对湿度数据以及2016年京津冀地区的气象灾害数据,从时间和空间上对模型的可靠性进行验证。结果表明：模型的训练集和测试集在不同月份上均表现较好（R2均大于0.5而RMSE均小于0.55）。模型输出的综合干旱指数（Comprehensive Drought Index,CDI）在密云站上与SPI和SPEI接近,变化趋势基本一致,并且与站点SPI和土壤相对湿度的相关系数分别大于0.7和0.4,均通过了0.01水平的显著性检验。空间上,相较于SPEI,CDI计算的2016年3-7月京津冀地区干旱事件结果与实际情况符合度更高,表明该模型适用于京津冀地区干旱评估。     

Histopathological changes induced by Meloidogyne incognita in some ornamental plants

Histopathological changes induced by the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in five ornamental plants, specifically, Calendula (Calendula officinalis), Centaurea (Centaurea montana), Papaver (Papaver somniferum), Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) and Dianthus (Dianthus caryophyllus), were investigated. Based on the galling index (GI), Centaurea was classified as susceptible, Calendula as moderately susceptible, and Papaver as moderately resistant, while Chrysanthemum and Dianthus were highly resistant to M. incognita infection. The histopathology of the galled roots of Centaurea, Calendula, and Papaver during later stages of infection showed that nematodes were localized entirely within the cortex and generally oriented horizontally to the vascular cylinder. Most of the females were mature, and a few of them were associated with egg masses. Giant cells with a variation in cell sizes were observed in the galled roots of all three of the plant species and exhibited a granular cytoplasm and hypertrophied nuclei as a typical reaction to nematode feeding.     

柠条锦鸡儿凋落物提取液对自身种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

为研究柠条锦鸡儿凋落物对其种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响,采用恒温培养法研究了不同质量浓度凋落物提取液对其种子萌发各项指标和幼苗生长中根系活力、细胞膜透性以及抗氧化酶活性等的影响。结果表明:柠条锦鸡儿凋落物提取液对其自身种子萌发有一定的抑制作用,并且质量浓度越高抑制作用越明显。当提取液质量浓度为0.05 g/m L时,种子萌发各指标与空白对照均无显著差异(P0.05);当提取液质量浓度高于0.05 g/m L时,种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、胚根长随提取液质量浓度的增加急剧降低(P0.05),并且柠条锦鸡儿凋落物提取液延长了种子发芽时间,但对幼苗鲜质量和干质量的影响不显著(P0.05);高质量浓度(0.30 g/m L)柠条锦鸡儿凋落物提取液致使种子失活。统计和相关性分析表明,叶片丙二醛含量和细胞膜透性与提取液质量浓度均呈极显著的线性正相关(P0.001),叶绿素含量、根系活力、保护性酶(POD、SOD、CAT)和非保护性酶(PPO、PAL)活性与提取液质量浓度均呈极显著的线性负相关(P0.001)。综上,柠条锦鸡儿凋落物提取液对其种子萌发和幼苗生长有一定程度的自毒作用。     

基于订正后的CI指数分析近50年干旱对山西省玉米产量的影响

利用1961-2010年山西省气象站逐日气温和降水资料计算出逐日综合气象干旱指数(CI);通过对比CI指数与临近农田站1992-2010年的土壤墒情观测资料,分区域和发育期订正了玉米发生干旱时的CI指数评判标准.同时结合近50年山西省玉米单产资料,采用线性回归法分区域构建了山西省玉米干旱减产定量评估模型.结果表明,玉米不同发育期发生干旱的CI指数评判标准与传统的气象干旱等级划分标准差异较大.以晋南区为例,玉米播种至出苗期、拔节至抽雄期、乳熟至成熟期发生干旱的CI指数评判标准为≤-1.2,出苗至拔节期为≤-1.3,抽雄至乳熟期为≤-0.9.山西省玉米全生育期干旱累积指数与气象影响产量显著正相关,相关系数分别达到0.9335(晋北区)、0.6929(晋中区)和0.8041(晋南区);不同区域玉米干旱减产定量评估模型模拟的近50年玉米产量变化与实际气象影响产量通过Pearson相关性显著性检验,能较为准确地评估玉米发生干旱时的产量损失。     

乌骨鸡蛋形指数对孵化率的影响研究

将乌骨鸡种蛋按蛋形指数分为Ａ（≤７２．０％）、Ｂ（７２．１％－７４．０％）、Ｃ（７４．１％－７６．０％）、Ｄ（７６．１％－７８．０％）、Ｅ（≥７８．１％）五组进行孵化,结果表明：五组包骨 受精蛋孵化率分别为８２．６％、８６．１％、９０．２％、８７．２％、８２．５％、Ｃ组显著高于Ａ、Ｂ、Ｄ、Ｅ各组（Ｐ〈０．０５）,并极显著地高于Ａ组和Ｅ组（Ｐ〈０．０１）,蛋形指数为７４．１％－７６．０％的乌骨鸡种蛋孵化效果最佳。     

莱茵鹅15项血清生化指标的测定及分析

为了更有效地保护和利用莱茵鹅的优良基因,对北方种鹅场和双鸭山种鹅场的莱茵鹅血清进行了15项生化指标的测定及分析。结果表明:北方种鹅场和双鸭山种鹅场莱茵鹅血清三酰甘油、肌酐、直接胆红素、氯、镁、尿素氮、白蛋白和钙等血清生化指标之间的差异达到了极显著水平(P<0.01);血清总蛋白和总胆红素之间的差异达到了显著水平(P<0.05);而葡萄糖、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、总胆固醇、无机磷和尿酸含量之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。研究还初步建立了莱茵鹅15项血清生化指标的参考值及参考范围。