Genetic architecture of plant height in maize phenotype‐selected introgression families

This study aimed at developing, characterizing and evaluating two maize phenotypic‐selected introgression libraries for a collection of dominant plant height (PHT)‐increasing alleles by introgressing donor chromosome segments (DCS) from Germplasm Enhancement of Maize (GEM) accessions into elite inbred lines: PHB47 and PHZ51. Different backcross generations (BC₁‐BC₄) were developed and the tallest 23 phenotype‐selected introgression families (PIFs) from each introgression library (PHB47 or PHZ51) were selected for single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping to localize DCS underlying PHT. The result shows that most PIFs carrying DCS were significantly (α = 0.01) taller than the respective recurrent parent. In addition, they contained larger donor genome proportions than expected in the absence of selection or random mating across all BC generations. The DCS were distributed over the whole genome, indicating a complex genetic nature underlying PHT. We conclude that our PIFs are enriched for favourable PHT‐increasing alleles. These two libraries offer opportunities for future PHT gene isolation and allele characterization and for breeding purposes, such as novel cultivars for biofuel production.     

思茅松种源/家系苗期选择研究

为了能够筛选出苗期表现优良的思茅松家系和进行苗期选择研究,笔者对收集的5个种源191个思茅松优株家系苗期生长指标进行了测定和分析。巢式数据方差分析结果表明：苗高、地径和高径比3个生长指标在种源和家系间均具有显著差异;而发芽率在种源和家系间差异未达显著水平。在对聚类分析结果与种源分类间关联性进行了分析后,发现聚类分析可用于优良家系筛选,并筛选出24个表现相对优良家系。     

黧蒴栲生长材性热值灰色关联分析及优良半同胞家系选择

为科学选择生长、材性、热值多性状优良的黧蒴栲半同胞家系,采用随机完全区组试验方法,通过对6年生家系生长测定与材性、热值分析,运用灰色关联度分析模型证实木材基本密度与生长性状关联度较高。利用木材材积、木材密度和热值三性状计算得出黧蒴栲半同胞家系综合选择指数为I=0.4480X1＋0.5395X2＋0.5762X3,指数遗传力为0.8158,均值化综合育种值选择进展△H=0.1693。以综合选择指数均值加1.25倍标准差的指数作为适用于黧蒴栲半同胞家系材积、木材密度、热值多性状综合选择的指标,有5个半同胞家系即：PG07、RS09、TD01、RS08、PG08入选,其材积、基本密度、热值增益分别为156.33%~391.78%、12.70%~25.22%、15.81%~31.80%。黧蒴栲半同胞家系初次选择效果十分显著,可为黧蒴栲种子园的营建和制定遗传改良策略提供技术依据。     

乡土用材棕榈藤种半同胞家系的早期选择

本文根据61个单叶省藤家系、31个版纳省藤家系和83个黄藤家系5年生试验林的生长表现,以10%的入选率、不低于1.96的选择强度,初步筛选折算单位面积产量高的单叶省藤家系6个、版纳省藤家系3个和黄藤家系8个,产量比参试家系群体总体平均值分别高111m/667m²、124m/667m²和598m/667m²。研究结果为高产棕榈藤家系早期选择提供依据,有助于高产棕榈藤品系的早日育成。     

First approach to studying the genetics of the meagre (Argyrosomus regius; Asso, 1801) using three multigene families

The meagre (Argyrosomus regius) is a commercially important species for fisheries, and aquaculture production has been increasing in recent years. However, this growing importance has not been matched by increased genetic knowledge of the species. For this reason, an initial approach has been made to understanding the genetics of the meagre, using three particular multigene families (45S and 5S ribosomal DNA and U2 snRNA gene) as both molecular and cytogenetic markers. Only one type of 5S rDNA and only one ITS‐1 (from 45S rDNA) were obtained, and these therefore could provide the basis for the development of genetic markers for this species. However, the U2 snRNA gene produced a multi‐band electrophoretic pattern, and some of these bands were demonstrated to be linked with the U1 snRNA gene. This linkage could also provide a good species‐specific marker which could be useful for tracing the evolutionary history of the Sciaenidae family. In this study, we have described for the first time the karyotype of the meagre: this is composed of 48 acrocentric chromosomes. Each of the three gene families were localized on different chromosome pairs, although the U2 snRNA gene probe was also located scattered throughout the genome of the meagre, as expected by the amplification pattern.     

北京农村家庭生活能源消费分析

【目的】为了改善城乡的生态环境和能源供应,研究北京城郊农村家庭的生活能源消费情况和影响因素。【方法】运用描述统计方法分析了调研数据。【结果】电力、煤炭和燃气等商品能源为主要消费对象,煤炭占到生活能源消费的50%以上;秸秆和薪柴等生物质能源的消费量大大减少;太阳能、沼气等新型能源的消费较少。当收入水平和能源获取条件变得更好时,城郊农村家庭就会更多消费便捷和清洁的能源。【结论】城郊农村家庭生活能源消费的这一趋势,对生态环境和能源供应造成新的压力。政府应通过制定政策鼓励能源的清洁化使用,鼓励开发太阳能、无污染生物质能源等可再生能源。     

娄底市草坪杂草种类、分布及危害

为探究娄底市草坪杂草种类、分布及危害状况,通过野外调查、查阅植物标本信息和文献资料,应用统计方法分析重要值等指标,确定娄底市草坪常见杂草有68种,隶属28科58属,以菊科、禾本科、伞形科为优势科;一年蓬(Erigeron annuus)、看麦娘(Alopecurus aequalis)、白茅(Imperata cylindrica)等13种杂草为杂草优势种,应列为主要防控对象。本研究为娄底市草坪杂草的防控与综合利用提供了重要资料,也可为其他地区杂草的类似研究参考。     

澳洲坚果品种‘HAES951’为母本的杂交试验

以澳洲坚果品种‘HAES951’为母本,采用9个品种的花粉授粉,获得9个全同胞家系苗木。观测各组合的坐果率、种子横径和杂交F1代苗木的株高、地径及冠幅。结果表明:组合间的坐果率和种子横径均达极显著差异(P0.01);家系内株高、地径、冠幅的变异系数范围在13.67%~30.25%,平均为20.81%。9个全同胞家系间苗木的株高、地径差异不显著,冠幅达显著差异(P0.05)。     

桉树杂交种生长及抗风性状的遗传分析和选择

为了筛选出优良家系及单株,为桉树良种改良提供优质的遗传材料,对27月生30个桉树杂种家系试验林的生长和抗风能力进行分析和遗传评估.结果表明:试验林的树高(H)、胸径(D)、材积(V)、抗风指数(WR)在家系水平上、家系×重复交互作用水平上均存在极显著的差异(P＜0.01),在家系水平上4个性状均受到较高程度的遗传控制,单株水平上H、D、V3个性状受到较高强度的遗传控制,而WR受到较弱程度的遗传控制.遗传相关分析表明H、D、V、WR4个性状两两之间都呈极显著正相关(P＜0.01),其中,在生长性状中,D与V之间的相关关系最为密切;在抗风能力方面,WR与D之间的相关关系最为密切.通过构建性状选择指数方程,按照选择标准选出8个优良家系,39个优良单株,入选率分别为26.67％、5.65％.其中优良家系的遗传增益在H、D、V和WR上分别达到了8.24％、9.99％、25.24％和3.76％,优良单株的遗传增益在H、D、V和WR上分别为22.55％、13.45％、105.49％和1.90％.     

枣雄性不育种质半同胞子代的遗传多样性分析

以280份种质,包括枣的雄性不育种质JMS2、‘交城五号’枣、‘邢16’酸枣、JMS2ב交城五号’的56个子代、JMS2ב邢16’的96个子代以及JMS2自然授粉获得的125个子代为材料,采用SSR分子标记技术研究枣半同胞家系的遗传多样性。10对SSR引物在277份子代中检测出35个等位基因,观测等位基因数量(Na)、有效等位基因数量(Ne)、香侬指数(I)、观测杂合度(Ho)、期望杂合度(He)、基因遗传多样性(h)和基因分化系数(Fst)分别为3.500,2.108 7,0.819 2,0.573 1,0.471 4,0.470 5和0.096 0,表明277个子代的遗传多样性水平一般。在以JMS2为母本的3个子代群体中,未知父本的自然杂交子代群体遗传多样性最为丰富,I、Na和Ne分别为0.749 5,3.500 0,2.029 2。JMS2ב邢16’子代群体的遗传多样性(Na=2.30,Ne=2.067 8,I=0.722 0)小于自然杂交子代群体,但大于JMS2ב交城五号’子代群体(Na=2.3,Ne=1.829 3,I=0.615 9)。JMS2自然授粉子代可能存在多个父本,JMS2与酸枣‘邢16’较JMS2和‘交城五号’的亲缘关系远,双亲亲缘关系远和多个父本授粉可增加JMS2半同胞子代的遗传多样性。本研究可以为进一步评价和利用枣半同胞家系提供借鉴参考。