集团型企业管道完整性管理体系建设

集团型管道企业各单位在管道长度、管理水平、技术能力及管理模式等方面存在较大差异,为全面推动完整性管理工作,借鉴国内外管道完整性管理经验,建立了以计划-实施-检查-改进为管理模式的集团型企业管道完整性管理体系。以中海石油气电集团有限责任公司为例,以完整性理念为导向、组织机构为保障、先进技术为手段,建立气电集团和所属单位两级完整性管理组织机构,开展了在役管道中线校核、内检测数据对齐、第三方预警等方面的完整性管理技术研究。实践结果表明:集团型企业管道完整性管理体系显著提高了气电集团的管道完整性管理水平,并对其他集团型企业推广应用管道完整性管理技术具有参考作用。     

放牧制度对伊犁山地草甸植被特征及新疆细毛羊体重的影响

采用小区控制放牧试验,研究了划区轮牧、自由放牧对伊犁禾草+杂类草山地草甸植被特征及其细毛羊体重的影响.结果表明,与不放牧对照相比,两种放牧方式均显著降低了山地草甸群落盖度、可食牧草和毒害草产量、群落功能群多样性及各植物功能群的高度、盖度、产量(P＜0.05),增加了可食牧草的密度.划区轮牧条件下山地草甸群落盖度显著高于自由放牧区(P＜0.05),可食牧草产量、毒害草产量、密度及各植物功能群的高度、盖度、密度和产量在两种放牧制度间差异不显著(P＞0.05),但划区轮牧有利于多年生禾草类、多年生莎草类及有害植物类的生长发育,不利于有毒植物的生长发育.与自由放牧比,划区轮牧下每只新疆细毛羊体重增加1.3～2.1 kg,但两种放牧制度间差异不显著(P＞0.05).     

不同类型玉米自交系数量性状配合力及聚类分析

以13个不同类型的玉米自交系为材料,按格林芬方法Ⅱ遗传交配设计,分析了数量性状的遗传效应;采用SSR标记对这13个自交系及5个对照自交系进行了聚类分析。结果表明:自交系CML162、S181、HN06-10、S147、掖478综合性状配合力表现优良;控制轴粗、穗行数、单粒厚度、百粒重、出籽率和秃尖6个性状的遗传以基因加性效应为主;控制株高、穗位高、穗长、穗粗、行粒数、粒长、单穗粒重7个性状的遗传以基因非加性效应为主。根据品种间的分子遗传多态性,将18个自交系划分成7个类群:丹340、渝5、HN06-10为一类;B73、掖478、京甜、CML162为一类;MO17、太191o2、青贮、S147为一类;HZ4(黄早四)单独为一类;齐319、S181、郑爆裂为一类;GY302、GY923为一类;泰甜独立成一类。     

放牧干扰下荒漠草原植物功能群数量特征与输沙量的关系

[目的]分析放牧干扰下草地群落及功能群数量特征变化与草地土壤风蚀间的关系,阐明草地不同功能群对草地侵蚀过程的影响,为荒漠草原合理放牧利用及保护提供理论依据。[方法]以内蒙古短花针茅荒漠草原为研究对象,采取完全随机试验设计设置对照、中度和重度3个不同的放牧处理,对不同处理下的草地输沙量和功能群特征进行研究。[结果](1)随放牧强度增加,各功能群内物种高度、盖度和地上生物量基本呈下降态势。适当放牧能显著提高Simpson优势度指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数。(2)各放牧处理间的草地输沙量差异显著,不同输沙高度处的草地输沙量变化规律均为HG>MG>CK,同一放牧处理下,随输沙高度上升输沙率显著降低。(3)各功能群高度、盖度与输沙量均存在指数负相关关系,其中多年生禾草和多年生杂类草的高度变化对输沙量的影响更显著。各功能群的地上生物量与输沙量存在负相关指数关系,其中多年生禾草的生物量与输沙量的拟合程度最高。[结论]过度放牧会显著影响功能群特征并降低草地的防风固沙能力,建议放牧强度控制在中度及以下。     

Relative Efficiency Evaluation on Water Resource Utilization

Water resource allocation was defined as an input-output question in this paper, and a preliminary input-output index system was set up. Then GEM （group eigenvalue method）-MAUE （multi-attribute utility theory） model was applied to evaluate relative efficiency of water resource allocation plans. This model determined weights of indicators by GEM, and assessed the allocation schemes by MAUE. Compared with DEA （Data Envelopment Analysis） or ANN （Artificial Neural Networks）, the mode was more applicable in some cases where decision-makers had preference for certain indicators     

木材表面非极性化原理的研究 Ⅱ.木材与苯乙烯接枝共聚过程中化学官能团和表面极性的变化

通过对杉木、杨木木材及其主要成分在与苯乙烯接枝共聚反应过程中化学官能团及临界表面张力变化的研究,探讨了木材各化学组成在接枝共聚过程中的反应性能和对木材表面极性的影响。研究表明:木材可与苯乙烯发生接枝共聚反应,反应只在木素和苯乙烯之间进行。木材与苯乙烯接枝共聚可降低木材临界表面张力,即降低木材表面自由能,从而有效地改善木材的极性。     

Site classification of the eastern forest region of Daxing''''an Mountains

StudysiteThestudysiteislocatedintheeasternslopeofDaxing'anMountains(47"25'~49'37'N,119'37'-122"45'E),whichbelongstotheBalinForestryBu-reauofNeiMenggol.ThemaintopographyislowermountainsandhilIs.Thealtitudeis4oo~1ooom.Theannualaccumulativetemperature(>=1oC)isabout1845oC.AnnuaIprecipitationis42omm.Annualaveragetemperatureis-15t.Thefrost-freeperiodis97d.lnthisarea,thezonalsoilisbrownconiferousforestsoil,theothertypeofsoilismeadowsoilandbogsoiI.ThemainfundamentaIrockisgrinite.ThebasaItisse…     

A new<Emphasis Type="Italic">Praon</Emphasis> species (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) of the<Emphasis Type="Italic">Uroleucon</Emphasis> parasitoid complex from the mediterranean area

A new hymenopteran aphid parasitoid species (Praon uroleucon sp. n.) fromUroleucon sp. infestingCarduus acanthoides L. is described from Yugoslavia. It is diagnosed and illustrated with scanning electron microscope photographs and line drawings. The new species is placed in thePraon dorsale species group, and a key to species of that group is provided. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 9, 2002.     

Partial characterization of phytoplasmas associated with lettuce and wild lettuce phyllodies in Iran

Phytoplasmas associated with lettuce phyllody (LP) and wild lettuce phyllody (WLP) in southern Iran were partially characterized by molecular analyses and host-range studies. Agents of both diseases were transmitted by Neoaliturus fenestratus , a leafhopper colonizing lettuce and wild lettuce, to lettuce, wild lettuce, sowthistle and periwinkle, but not to safflower, sunflower, calendula and sesame. Both phytoplasmas induced bud proliferation, virescence, phyllody and witches' broom in infected plants. Total DNA extracted from infected lettuce and wild lettuce or from vector tissues was subjected to PCR using phytoplasma-specific primer pair P1/P7 or nested PCR using P1/P7 followed by R16F2n/R16R2. PCR product of nested PCR (1·2 kbp) was subjected to restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). RFLP analysis of nested PCR product identified the LP, WLP and N. fenestratus -associated phytoplasmas as members of the pigeon pea witches' broom group, 16SrIX. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence also clustered LP and WLP phytoplasmas with other known members of the 16SrIX group. While no significant differences could be detected between LP and WLP phytoplasmas, both isolates differed from Lebanese wild lettuce phyllody in molecular properties.     

Inoculation of cucumber roots with zoospores of mycoparasitic and plant pathogenic Pythium species: Differential zoospore accumulation, colonization ability and plant growth response

Hydroponically grown cucumber (Cucumis sativus) seedlings were inoculated with zoospores of 1 mycoparasitic (Pythium oligandrum) and 2 pathogenic (Pythium aphanidermatum and Pythium group F) Pythium spp. During the first 2 days after inoculation, all the Pythium spp. caused reduction in the root length. However, roots treated with Pythium oligandrum quickly reached the length of the control and on the 8th day, and for the rest of the experimental period, stimulation of root elongation was noted. Pythium oligandrum was not pathogenic on cucumber and no differences in the fresh weights of control and Pythium oligandrum inoculated plants were observed in the course of the experiment. Pythium group F and Pythium aphanidermatum were pathogenic on cucumber seedlings, but their pathogenicities differed. Thus, while Pythium group F had a constant, negative influence on root length and plant growth, measured as fresh weight, Pythium aphanidermatum caused generalized necroses of the root system, inhibiting consistently root elongation and plant growth and finally causing plant death. Moreover, the zoospores of 2 mycoparasitic species, Pythium oligandrum and Pythium periplocum, were not attracted to roots of cucumber and accumulated on the roots in very low numbers compared to those of the pathogenic species, Pythium aphanidermatum, which were strongly attracted and accumulated in large numbers. Finally, it was also found that Pythium oligandrum colonized the roots very poorly, while Pythium group F and Pythium aphanidermatum were significantly better root colonizers. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to the ecology of Pythium species and biocontrol.