软包装调味笋的研制

对软包装调味笋加工的色泽和口感进行研究。研究表明,用质量分数为0.005%的NaH SO3溶液预处理原料,用质量分数为0.1%的CaCl2溶液预煮杀青10m in,并用0.15%的醋酸浸泡30m in,焖煮时间控制在5m in,就能较好地保持新鲜笋的色泽,同时兼顾产品较高脆性和较好的滋味,达到良好口感的需要。     

A STUDY ON FRACTURE MECHANICS OF BRITTLE MATERIAL WITH PER-CRACKS

In this paper the fracture process of specimen,with single crack, double cracks and triple cracks is observed and analysed. The experimental results show that the fracture process of specimen is different because of the differention of the number, the distance and the type of array of cracks. And the fracture propagation of specimen with triple cracks and double cracks is foundmentally the same.     

激光高速摄影测试装置设计的关键技术

主要介绍了对内燃机燃烧过程进行可视化测试的激光高速摄影装置设计过程中的几个关键技术,针对光学内燃机的改造设计、光学系统设计、同步控制系统设计以及激光器的选用和光学玻璃的配置、加工、使用等方面对高速摄影记录效果分析的影响,提出了相应的技术措施。     

泵自吸过程气液两相流的可视化试验

自吸泵的自吸过程属于复杂的气液两相流动过程。通过建立泵自吸性能外特性及自吸过程气液两相流动特性协同测试系统,采用NI虚拟仪器Lab VIEW编程平台,实现了对泵自吸过程中的进出口压力、流量、转速的瞬态测试;同时采用高速摄影观测系统对自吸泵叶轮、蜗壳及气液分离室内部的气液两相流动过程进行了可视化观测。结果表明:在流量未上升之前,自吸离心泵的自吸过程一直处于动态的稳定过程。气液分离室进口出现的稳定气液分离面有利于气液分离,有助于气泡的排出。而扩散段出口出现的停滞回旋气泡不利于气泡的及时排出,对自吸性能有不良的影响。在自吸末期,流量、压力均有突变的过程,且气液分离室内小水珠、扩散管处气泡数目急剧增多,随后又急剧下降,体现了明显的瞬态效应。     

垃圾填埋沼气的收集、净化与利用综述

垃圾填埋沼气的回收利用是一项经济可行且对环境有益的技术.本文从填埋沼气的组成及其影响因素出发,探讨了沼气的收集、输送和贮存途径,介绍了当前的净化工艺,最后总结介绍了几种填埋沼气利用技术的特点及其适用性,并提出建立配备填埋沼气回收装置的卫生填埋场应成为我国城市垃圾处理的发展方向.     

低压射流不同喷嘴参数及压力下破碎过程实验

研究了不同低压下喷头喷嘴直径和喷嘴锥角对射流破碎的影响。采用高速摄像仪对低压圆柱射流的射流核心长度和射流破碎长度进行实验,测量了不同喷嘴结构的流量、射程和末端水滴直径。结果表明:同一压力下,当喷嘴锥角不变时,随着喷嘴直径的增大,喷头流量、射程和喷头末端水滴直径都变大,射流核心长度和破碎长度均增大;当喷嘴直径不变时,随着喷嘴锥角的增大,喷头流量逐渐减小,而喷头射程呈先增大后减小趋势,喷头末端水滴直径也变大,射流核心长度逐渐减小,射流破碎长度先减小后增大。综合考虑射程和雾化效果,直径为5 mm、锥角为45°的喷嘴为最优选择。同时通过对不同Re数和We数的实验和分析,给出了适合低压喷嘴的两种射流特征长度的拟合关联式。     

活塞中凸型线数控加工的一种逼近方法

针对发动机活塞纵剖面型线的不规则性,提出了采用3次样条插值和双圆弧拟合相结合逼近加工曲线的方法,推导出了适用于计算机编程的3次样条插值计算公式;分析了双圆弧拟合的原理,并对逼近误差进行分析,满足了加工拟合曲线的要求。     

A model of decision-making and information flows for information-intensive agriculture

This paper describes the development of a systems based model to characterise farmers’ decision-making process in information-intensive practices, and its evaluation in the context of Precision Agriculture (PA). A participative methodology was developed in which farm managers decomposed their process of decision-making into brief decision statements along with associated information requirements. The methodology was first developed on a university research farm in Denmark and further revised during testing on a number of research and commercial farms in Indiana, USA. Twenty-one decision-analysis factors were identified to characterise a farm manager’s decision-making process. Then, a general data flow diagram (DFD) was constructed that describes the information flows “from data to decision”. Illustrative examples of the model in the form of DFDs are presented for a strategic, a tactical and an operational decision. The model was validated for a range of decisions related to operations by three university farm managers and by five commercial farmers practicing PA for cereal, corn and soybean production in Denmark and in Indiana, USA.     

Potential farmer contributions to the design process: Indications from Indonesia

The paper argues that conventional irrigation design processes rely heavily on predetermined design criteria, often without allowing for interactions with farmers and revising of criteria during implementation. Six cases from a tertiary development project in North Sulawesi, Indonesia are described, where farmers altered what had been designed and constructed by contracting and agency engineers. Through field inspections and farmer interviews, the farmers' alternative set of design criteria was elicited to explain why the farmers changed what had been constructed. A total of 27 cases are analyzed to show the relative importance of:

利用振动特性诊断流程泵的运行工况

用所建立的用于描述振动强度的范数说明了泵在偏离原设计工况运行时会导致泵轴向力和径向力的增大。将流程泵叶轮叶片和压水室的隔舌看作旋涡发生体，在不同运行工况下在叶片后缘以及隔舌两侧串联发生的卡门涡街的发射频率是不同的。采用加速度传感器采集的振动信号正反应了这种工况变动。通过对振动信号进行基于EMD的能量算子解调以及频谱分析，发现得到的最大幅值处的频率就是叶轮叶片的通过频率。试验表明，得到的次大幅值处的频率就是卡门涡街的发射频率，可根据该频率处幅值的相对大小来判断泵是否在合理的工况内运行。