Introduction of genetic engineering in aquaculture: Ecological and ethical implications for science and governance

Within aquaculture, genetic engineering (GE) is emerging as a powerful method for breeding of fish and shellfish, and for developing alternative sources of feed and vaccines to combat diseases. On the other hand, the use of GE in aquaculture raises ecological, ethical and economic concerns. For instance, genetically modified (GM) feed could be spread to the aquatic environment and consumed by other marine organisms, and horizontal gene transfer may conceivably occur from DNA in feed or vaccines to a recipient genome or by faeces to the environment. Numerous reports have described beneficial effects such as viral disease resistance following DNA vaccination. However, side effects, such as activation of other genes than those which are central in immune defence mechanisms, may occur and warrant further investigations. In order to achieve sustainable introduction of GE, it is crucial that appropriate scientific investigations and ethical considerations are done prior to large-scale introduction of GE products such as DNA/GE vaccines and GM feed in commercial fish farming. This may result in a solid basis for the avoidance of potentially undesirable health and environmental effects. If GE can help make aquaculture a sustainable industry, this opens the possibility of positive market and consumer responses. This can best be achieved by involving the stakeholders from the conceptual stage to the commercial stage by facilitating a transparent process whose purpose is to inform research, to identify decision stakes, and to influence design, adoption and implementation of pro-active policy.     

贵州省石漠化现状及主要治理措施

石漠化是我国贵州喀斯特生态脆弱区所面临的最主要的生态问题之一。参考贵州省已进行的生态系统恢复和石漠化治理经验,综述了近年来该省所建立的石漠化3S监测体系,基于不同喀斯特生态环境所构建的综合治理的模式,所采取的林草、农业、工程等治理技术措施以及所取得的初步成效。     

董事会特征与公司负债水平关系的实证研究——以房地产上市公司为例

董事会是公司内部治理的决策机构,董事会特征影响公司内部治理的资本结构。债务作为资本结构的组成部分,对上市公司的管理者有潜在的制约。因此,采用因子分析以及多元回归的方法,对57家中国房地产上市公司的董事会特征与资本结构选择的关系进行实证研究。研究结果表明,董事会规模与负债水平正相关;独立董事占全体董事成员的比例与负债水平正相关;董事激励与负债水平正相关;董事长和总经理两职兼任与负债水平负相关;董事会会议频率与负债水平负相关。     

政治理论视野下的廉洁政府研究

廉洁政府的一般本质是：政府权力主体不滥用公共权力侵害公利以谋取私利的一种社会关系。它有四个基本要素：政府权力主体、不滥用公共权力、维护与实现公利、社会关系。现代政治学理论中与廉政建设有关的政治学理论主要是善治理论和廉政体系理论。国家廉政体系由三部分构成：目标系统、制度系统和价值系统等。明确廉洁政府的构成要素在廉洁政府构建中作用主要表现在：明确廉洁政府建设的方向、步骤和重点。     

基于SVAR模型的货币政策对企业经营影响研究——以工业、房地产业、信息和计算机软件业为例

旨在建立一个运用多维度定量指标判断经理报酬激励强度的评价方法，有利于全面认识各上市公司经理报酬的激励程度。根据评价结果把经理报酬激励强度分为激励不足、适中、过度，并实证研究不同激励强度上市公司治理结构的特征，进而提出改进经理报酬激励公平和效率的有效手段，提高对不同类型企业高管薪酬管理的针对性。     

善治视阈下和谐农村权力格局的蕴涵

构建和谐农村权力格局是有效农村治理的关键环节。作为一种理论架构,善治理论打破了＂国家-社会＂两分法的传统思维,追求工具理性与价值理性的有机耦合。以＂善治＂为分析框架和目标追求,从价值性、目的性、战略性三个维度厘清社会主义新农村建设中和谐农村权力格局的内涵,可以为实现国家与农村社会之间的良性互动提供理念支撑和价值取向。     

宣威市石漠化治理模式探讨

分析宣威市土地石漠化的成因主要为地质、气候等自然因素以及陆地开垦、过度樵采等人为原因.根据石漠化土地具有的区域性特征,提出了分区治理的基本思路及针对不同治理区的具体治理措施,对封山育林(草)、混农林业、生态型薪炭林营造等石漠化土地治理模式进行了阐述,并列举了成功的案例.     

基于区域网络化生产的中小企业组织创新研究

在介绍区域网络化生产及其特征的基础上 ,对中小企业组织创新进行了深入探究。指出了动态联盟是网络化生产背景下中小企业间集成的组织原则 ,网络治理是替代科层治理的有效形式 ,员工观念和企业文化是影响企业创新的重要因素 ,从而得出了要成功实施区域网络化生产 ,除应重视硬件技术的建设外 ,还应重视软件要素的营造的结论。     

Regulation of space in the contemporary postcolonial Pacific city: Port Moresby and Suva

Abstract: National development problems in the weak states of Papua New Guinea and Fiji have resulted in external intervention. However neo‐liberal development strategies have not resolved development problems and may have further weakened state structures. In both capital cities rural‐urban migration, rising urban unemployment, and the expansion of squatter settlements and the informal sector have all continued in recent years. The numbers of beggars, street kids and prostitutes have increased, as has domestic violence and crime. Governments have opposed all these trends, by regulation and intolerance, violence, routine repression and eviction, rather than by pro‐poor policies. Settlers, prostitutes, beggars, street kids and market vendors have been evicted and moved on, on the ideological premise that that their true place is in rural areas, and that their urban presence challenges and threatens notions of urban order. Moral regulation, social exclusion and moral panic have divided ‘good citizens’ from marginal and possibly criminal others, intensifying social divisions within the cities. Sustainable urban development has proved difficult to achieve.     

Consensus versus dissent: Democracy,pluralism and governance in Sāmoa

Abstract: Consensus is a term widely used in Sāmoa and elsewhere in the Pacific. It is considered to be a key feature of decision‐making and a fundamental characteristic of fa’asāmoa and other Pacific ways of being and doing. In Sāmoa it has been a mark of the strength and continuity of the fa’a matai through the ages of colonialism, neo‐colonialism and globalisation. However, although it has evolved in many ways to take into account new social trends (for instance allowing children to take part in family discussions) and remains strong at the family and village level, its role at the national level has virtually disappeared. This is seldom stated publicly and consensus is still held up as a defining characteristic of Sāmoaness. At the same time, although the rise of dissent is given little acknowledgement, it permeates public life. One could assume, based on this result that the ideology of consensus is perpetuated in order to reduce national public debate on governance issues.