The politics of water democracy: insights from grassroot struggles in the Ecuadorian Highlands

In the past two decades spaces for user participation have been opened within water governance structures at many scales. In this contribution, based on a case study of the Provincial Water Users Federation Interjuntas‐Chimborazo in the Ecuadorian Highlands, I explore how and why formal participation of water users in itself is problematic in terms of democracy. The case shows that for organised peasant water users to work on more democratic water governance, the creation of upscaled federations, alliances, networks and sometimes street protests is crucial to open up spaces in which their interests are represented. This suggests that democracy is not merely about participation, but more importantly, it is about the politics of how democracy is made through conflicts, protests, negotiations and the creation of strategic alliances that challenge the structures and processes through which decisions are taken.     

试论我国公共资源治理的制度供给改革——以农业生物遗传资源治理为例

遗传资源是现代生物技术发展不可或缺的战略资源.近年来,我国农业遗传资源面临着生物多样性退化、生物海盗剽窃、育种材料奇缺、遗传资源开发程度低等现实问题.公共资源的公共性、稀缺性、非排他性、效用综合性等决定公共资源治理中的实时多元化制度需求,如果社会缺乏灵活高效的制度变迁机制,由此带来的有效制度供给不足,必然最终导致公共资...     

“五位一体”村级治理评价体系初探

[目的]构建村级治理评价体系,对村级治理状况进行考评分析,为推进国家治理体系建设和治理能力现代化的改革提供参考.[方法]依据以经济、政治、社会、文化和生态环境为核心的“五位一体”改革布局进行归类,利用熵值法核算指标权重,构建村级治理评价指标体系;从我国中西部地区选取典型行政村,对其村级治理状况进行考评分析.[结果]形成了以农村经济建设、民主政治、精神文明、社会公共服务和生态文明为一级指标、共包含21个二级指标的村级治理评价指标体系,其中,一级指标中农村经济建设和生态文明的权重相对较大,二级指标中村民人均纯收入是考量村级治理二级指标中最重要的项目.在村级治理水平考评中,湖北省老河口市李楼镇张庄村和武汉市洪山区青菱街老桥村的村级治理水平突出,综合得分分别为0.935和0.934分,且与其余20个行政村的得分差距明显.[建议]拓宽选人渠道、健全人才发展机制;以国家、省部、市级开展支援农村发展的活动为契机,挖掘村级治理新动力;促进村级治理典型模式推广与经验分享.     

Effect of Peat-based Container Media on Establishment of Scots Pine,Norway Spruce and Silver Birch Seedlings after Transplanting in Contrasting Water Conditions

Abstract

Urban woodlands are the subject of complex decision-making that requires a strategic overview of the resource. This article contributes a national study of municipal woodland in Denmark. Data were collected among all Danish municipalities through a postal survey (with a response rate of 52%). As much as 83% of the woodland units were located within urban settlements or at their fringe, emphasising that municipalities are important urban woodland providers. Municipal woodland resources were typically divided into many separate units of varying size. On average, the responding municipalities owned 12.6 woodland units with an allocated area of 265 ha, resulting in a mean size of 21.5 ha. A general lack of management plans, and a significant drop in recreational facilities provided with decreasing woodland size indicate that the recreational use potential of small woodland units was largely overlooked. Municipal woodland units frequently bordered other woodland or nature areas of different ownership. Thus even small municipal woodlands can play a key role in the development of multifunctional green infrastructures in the urban landscape. Only municipalities with extensive woodland property had issued a woodland policy, and/or certified woodland management. This indicates a need for development of governance and strategic management instruments attractive to municipalities with limited woodland property.     

东阳义乌水权交易的第三方效应及对策研究

运用系统分析方法、比较分析方法和典型案例法,结合东阳义乌地区水权交易的经典案例,着重阐释了水权交易过程中产生的第三方正效应和第三方负效应,提出对水权交易第三方正效应进行多样化补偿和对第三方负效应采取预防、保障、补偿三结合的治理措施,以解决水权交易过程中的公平和效率问题。     

浅析我国上市公司的财务治理

我国的上市公司正处在资本市场尚待完善的时期,有着其自身特殊的制度背景。资本市场上上市公司造假、股市操纵、恶性欺诈事件屡禁不止,极大的挫伤了投资者的信心。利益相关者的利益不能得到有效的保护。由此反映出我国上市公司的公司治理中存在一系列的问题,而财务治理是公司治理的核心,因此,本文试图对我国上市公司的财务治理问题进行分析研究。     

Effectiveness of Protected Area Governance in the Conservation of Mt. Marsabit Forest Ecosystem,Kenya

ABSTRACT

Protected area systems (PAs) have the potential to conserve natural resources and provide social and economic benefits to local communities. Establishing and maintaining good governance and associated mechanisms is necessary for adaptive management of PAs. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the relationships between various stakeholders and the effectiveness of PA governance of Mt. Marsabit forest ecosystem in Kenya. We used social network analysis (SNA) to assess the interactions between actors, and factor analysis to analyze the effectiveness of governance criteria. Governance of Mt. Marsabit forest ecosystem was complex with a multiplicity of stakeholders from diverse interests. Governance was moderately effective (61%) with positive indicators including the regulatory framework, delineation of areas under conservation, and reduction in poaching. The low level of interactions and associations among stakeholders suggest a weakness in the networks that may negatively affect the flow of information and other resources. This weakness was attributed to a lack of institutionalization of the links leading to poor coordination of processes. Local communities were inadequately represented in the governance of this PA despite being important actors. Our study finds that local ownership and strong linkages between actors are important ingredients for effective governance of PAs.     

助力知识产权强国建设的重点关切

[目的/意义]从构建知识产权信息化平台,完善高校复合型知识产权专业人才培养措施,健全海外知识产权保护政策,提升知识产权全链条治理能力,注重知识产权高质量创造,联动知识产权公共服务与市场服务等方面着手,助力知识产权强国建设。[方法/过程]围绕知识产权信息化、人才培养、法律保障、数据赋能、战略和服务等重点关切,访谈领域内专家,共同为知识产权强国建设路径出谋划策。[结果/结论]知识产权强国建设需要多方出力,尤其需要着力构建知识产权一站式服务平台,提高知识产权服务能力;以社会需求为导向,培养复合型知识产权专业人才;关注海外知识产权贸易与纠纷,提高企业知识产权布局与风险应对能力;以数据赋能知识产权高质量发展为导向,提升知识产权治理能力;在国家政策方面落实知识产权高质量发展战略,引领创新主体以发展战略思维来谋划知识产权能力的提升;大力推动各级各类知识产权公共服务机构的建立,提高知识产权服务的覆盖性。     

“党建+”乡村治理模式探析——以Z村为例

乡村是国家治理的基本单元,乡村工作庞杂繁琐。在乡村治理中,基层党组织扮演着不可替代的角色。然而当前乡村社会普遍存在党组织软弱涣散等问题,严重制约乡村治理现代化进程。基于现状考虑,采用实地调研法和非结构式访谈法对 Z村进行调查,个案研究表明,为实现乡村有效治理,村庄应充分发挥党组织引领核心作用,结合村情概况适当压缩治理单元,采用刚性约束与柔性激励相结合的方式,理顺不同治理主体间的关系,形成平稳运行机制,并动员广大群众共同助力乡村可持续发展。     

Challenges for Multilevel Stakeholder Engagement in Public Trust Resource Governance

The trend in wildlife management over the last two decades has been to develop locally based approaches for responsiveness to local conditions, but some state wildlife agencies are finding the amount of staff time required to service this approach prohibitive. Although local engagement strategies have been lauded as assuring that public trust obligations of state government to citizens are met, we can expect that states with a local focus as their operational level of stakeholder engagement may opt to change their approach to reflect their resource limitations. We argue for comprehensive regional level effort to understand stakeholders augmented with local engagement processes where needed to deal with special circumstances in smaller areas within a region. Such an approach can be anticipated to have implications for stakeholder engagement and human dimensions research needs, which we discuss in the context of public trust resource administration and good governance of wildlife resources.