Effect of FeEDDHA on the water relations of wheat

Water potentials, osmotic potentials and stomatal resistances were measured daily in a growth chamber during a two‐week period, in growing leaves of a drought‐sensitive and a drought‐resistant winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.), which had the roots maintained in nutrient culture media with 0.001 or 0.01 M FeEDDHA. For both cultivars, the high level of FeEDDHA increased water potentials, turgor potentials, and stomatal resistances, and decreased osmotic potentials. Roots of plants grown with the high level of FeEDDHA had lower concentrations of Ca and K, and higher concentrations of Fe, than those grown with the low level. The results showed that the concentration of FeEDDHA used in plant‐water‐relation studies should be defined because the chelate affects the water balance of plants.     

基于 VSM 的农机作业精益管理模式研究

我国农机作业正向社会化服务迈进、农机作业组织呈现数量增长快、服务方式多、服务能力和水平不断 提高的特点;但也存在由于服务组织结构不合理、管理不规范等因素造成的服务水平低、服务收益波动大等问题。 为 了规范农机作业过程管理、提高作业绩效、应用基于活性系统模型（VSM ）的组织设计方法、将多种精益管理手段和 方法引入农机作业服务管理中、构建了面向农机作业服务精益管理的活性系统模型。 案例研究结果表明、该模型可 用于指导我国农机作业服务组织实施精益管理的组织结构设计和运作诊断。     

麦田菵草对精噁唑禾草灵的抗性研究

为了明确小麦田菵草(Beckmannia syzigachne(Steud.)Fernald.)对精噁唑禾草灵(fenoxaprop-P-ethyl)的抗药性。采用种子生物测定法和整株测定法测定了江苏、上海等地17个不同菵草种群对精噁唑禾草灵的敏感性水平,筛选出了相对最抗和最敏感种群;测定了抗精噁唑禾草灵菵草种群对芳氧基苯氧基丙酸酯类和环已烯酮类其他除草剂的交互抗性水平。结果表明:14个菵草种群对精噁唑禾草灵产生了不同程度的抗药性,其中句容小麦田菵草种群具有极高的抗性水平,种子生物测定其相对抗性倍数为144.24,整株测定其相对抗性倍数为174.42。交互抗性试验结果显示,抗精噁唑禾草灵菵草种群对与其作用机制相同的有关药剂也已产生了不同程度的交互抗性,抗性水平由高到低依次为精喹禾灵(quizalofop-P-ethyl)、高效氟吡甲禾灵(haloxyfop-R-methyl)、炔草酯(clodinafop-propargyl)、烯草酮(clethodim)。     

光温因子对结缕草种子产量性状的影响

对不同时间开花的结缕草(Zoysia japonica Steud.)进行定量观测,结合相应时期的气象资料,分析不同阶段光温因子对种子产量性状的影响.结果表明:结缕草的小穗数与穗分化各阶段的积温呈负相关,而与光照时间呈正相关,其中以抽穗期前15～40d的影响最为明显(r=0.89);花序长度与积温呈负相关,而与光照时数呈正相关,但相关系数都较小;结实率、种子数与积温、光照时数均呈正相关,其中以抽穗期前5d和后15d光温因子互作对结实率和种子数的影响较大;种子千粒重与积温呈负相关,而与光照时数呈正相关(r=0.95),以抽穗期后10～20d光温因子互作对千粒重影响较大.     

栽培稻种间育性研究进展

杂种不育是影响亚洲栽培稻和非洲栽培稻之间基因交流的主要障碍,栽培稻种间杂交育性表现为数量性状位点控制的复杂遗传模式。杂种不育的遗传基础还需要深入研究。本文综述了育性方面的最新进展并对其实际应用的可能性进行探讨。     

PGPR对莠去津污染土壤中结缕草生长及生理的影响

探究接种植物根际促生菌(PGPR)对结缕草幼苗生长与生理代谢的影响,为莠去津污染土壤中种植草坪草提供理论依据.采用双因素试验设计,以结缕草幼苗为材料,将幼苗分为PGPR(荧光假单胞杆菌,Pseudomonas fluorescens)接种和未接种两组,进行莠去津处理(浓度梯度为0、3、15、75 mg/kg),并测定不...     

蛭石引发对结缕草种子发芽率和发芽速度的影响

试验采用最终发芽率分别为90%(当年收获)、83%(贮藏1年)、74%(贮藏2年)、15%(贮藏3年)的结缕草(Zoysia japonica)种子为材料,以蛭石作为固体引发基质,研究水势和时间对种子最终发芽率、50%发芽时间和平均发芽时间的影响。结果表明,蛭石引发处理对当年收获和贮藏1年的结缕草种子的最终发芽率没有影响,但显著提高了贮藏2年和3年种子的最终发芽率,分别比对照提高了9%和12%;随着引发处理水势的增加和处理时间的延长,4份不同贮藏年限的种子50%发芽时间和平均发芽时间均有不同程度的缩短,分别比对照缩短1.8~3.0 d和2.1~8.2 d。与PEG溶液引发相比,蛭石固体引发最佳处理的水势更高,为-0.4~-0.1MPa;处理时间更长,为3~4 d。     

Screening methods and identification of QTLs associated with late maturity α-amylase in wheat

The synthesis of high levels of germination-type (high pI isozymes) α-amylase was induced in wheat genotypes prone to late maturityα-amylase (LMA) following the exposure of detached tillers to cool temperature during grain development. The detached tiller method was successfully applied to a range of genotypes and to a doubled haploid (DH) population derived from the cross Cranbrook (LMA genotype) × Halberd (low amylase). The number of grains in ripe, treated tillers that contained high pI α-amylase isozymes was measured using an ELISA antibody kit highly specific for high pI isozymes. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling the expression of LMA in wheat were detected in DH population Cranbrook × Halberd. The DH population and parents were sown in 2 replicated sowings at the same location with sowing times differing by 2 weeks. QTL analyses were conducted separately for each sowing, but results from both sowings were consistent and indicated a highly significant (it p > 0.01) QTL on the long arm of chromosome7B, with Cranbrook contributing the higher value allele. A second QTL with less significant effect was found on the long arm of chromosome 3B, on the basis of data from the first sowing. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.