高海拔地区油菜新品种生产适应性筛选

为改善日喀则市高海拔区油菜品种单一、栽培技术落后的问题,加快油菜新品种的示范进度,特选取在拉孜县高海拔地区拉龙村种植油菜新品种。对油菜新品种在高海拔地区进行生产适应性筛选,参试材料为藏油3号、大地95、湘油420三个品种,对照为在当地小油菜(拉孜小油菜),经过一年的新品种生产适应筛选,初步得到了一些鉴定结果,仅供高海拔地区种植这些油菜新品种作参考。     

耐高糖酵母的筛选及其在黄酒中的应用研究

从蜂蜜、葡萄、面包3种原料中提取天然酵母进行梯度驯化,再通过紫外诱变育种,筛选出具有耐高糖性质的酵母并对其相关特性进行研究,将筛选出的菌株应用于黄酒酿造过程。结果表明,筛选出的酵母可耐受的糖度、pH值、酒精度分别为40%,1.5和10%Vol,将其应用于黄酒发酵中,经过7 d发酵后,菌株降糖能力较传统菌株提高了20 g/L,酒精度提高了0.4%Vol,糖类物质转化率达到11%。采用自然驯化和紫外诱变育种相结合,得到适用于黄酒酿造生产的耐高糖酵母菌株。     

一株盐芽孢杆菌的筛选及其粗酶的酶学特性研究

从浙江舟山市双峰盐场中筛选出一株分泌蛋白酶的嗜盐菌,结合16S rDNA基因序列鉴定、菌株形貌特征确定其为特氏盐芽孢杆菌(Halobacillustrueperi)命名为HalobacillustrueperiB1。经研究,该菌株最适生长NaCl浓度为5%,表明其为中度嗜盐菌。该蛋白酶在50℃和pH 7.5条件下具有最高的蛋白酶活力。对发酵培养时间的优化实验表明发酵8 h后B1分泌的蛋白酶活力最大。对发酵培养基的优化结果表明,脱脂奶粉为最适氮源和碳源;75 g·L~(-1)为最佳发酵盐浓度,对钙镁离子的依赖不明显。确定优化后的发酵培养基:Na HCO_30.06 g,KCl_2.0g,CaCl_2·2H_2O0.48 g,Mg SO_4·7H_2O 1.0 g,FeCl_3 0.001 g,NaCl 75.0 g,脱脂奶粉10.0 g。在初始pH 7.5,温度为40℃条件下发酵8 h。     

沙棘干缩病拮抗真菌的筛选及应用

对沙棘树干真菌种群的筛选与培养,表明Trichoderma sp.与Penicillium sp.对沙棘干缩病的病原菌有明显的拮抗作用。研究Trichoderma sp.制剂的增效与稳定方法,以及在生产中的应用,其防效在70%以上,复发率为10%左右。     

大白菜黄心性状相关标记的开发与应用

当前国内针对大白菜黄心性状的筛选研究尚有缺乏,试验论据不足,本试验立足分子标记研究,验证及筛选大白菜的黄心性状,分析准确性分子标记,为大白菜黄心性状的筛选研究奠定基础。试验采用纯合白心早熟早抽自交系‘127-4’（P1）和黄心晚抽自交系‘11-2’（P2）为试验主体材料,以‘127-4’为父本,以‘11-2’为母本,两者杂交获得F₁代后,继续使F₁代自交获得了‘264’（F₂）群体。利用所得到的白心大白菜和黄心大白菜植株通过BSA-seq法对大白菜全基因组进行重测序,以此设计并筛选鉴定引物,最后筛选出标记为“9-13”（F：5''- CCGAAGCCCAGATTAGGAG-3'';R：5''-CCATGCCTACGAATGATAT -3''）。得到的该分子标记可在黄心大白菜育种材料中扩展出200bp的特异条带,经验证,该标记区分白心大白菜与黄心大白菜单株的符合度可达到75%以上。目前利用该标记已经准确筛选出30多份黄心大白菜种质资源,大白菜的菜心性状得到了特定把控,也为准确筛选提供了依据。     

基于SD-SVD-Burg的玉米叶片铜铅污染甄别与程度诊断

为研究一种快速甄别作物受重金属污染的元素类别和所受污染程度的方法,于2017年设置不同梯度铜(Cu)、铅(Pb)胁迫下的玉米盆栽实验,对玉米的紫谷、绿峰和红边3个光谱特征区间的高光谱数据进行光谱一阶微分和奇异值分解处理,并结合Burg算法绘制功率谱密度曲线,同时利用2014年采集的光谱数据作为验证组检验该模型的稳定性。结果表明:健康玉米叶片与不同浓度Cu、Pb胁迫下玉米叶片光谱信号的功率谱密度曲线的波峰数及波峰坡度均不相同。功率谱曲线平均功率和玉米叶片中Cu、Pb含量的相关系数最高可达0.9958,证明该方法在对玉米进行污染元素种类辨别和污染程度诊断方面具有可行性,不同年份Cu与Pb胁迫下绿峰功率谱曲线平均功率与玉米叶片中Cu、Pb含量的相关系数分别为0.9213和0.9915,进一步验证该算法在玉米Cu、Pb污染诊断方面具有稳定性与普适性。     

Should only females of giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii be selected in genetic improvement programmes?

Sexual dimorphism is widely observed in almost all farmed aquatic animal species but giant freshwater pawn (GFP) is unique, with males characterized by three main morphotypes (blue claw, orange claw and small males) and females by different reproduction status (ovary, berried egg and already‐spawned females). There has been reported evidence that the effect of male morphotype may have masked genetic variation in growth‐related traits, as a result the heritability for male body weight was lower than that estimated in female. A pending question has arisen whether selection should be made in female only. To answer this question, we used an 8‐year data set from a long‐term selection programme (2008–2015) for high growth in this species comprising 106,756 individuals that were offspring of 515 sires and 810 dams. The body weight data of female and male GFP or of each morphotype was treated as a separate trait and a multi‐trait approach was used to estimate genetic correlations for homologous traits between sexes and between morphotypes. Our analysis showed that there were little differences in the heritability estimates between female and male. In female, mature ovary individual displayed higher heritability than berried egg and already‐spawned females. For male, the heritability for blue claw, orange claw and small males were 0.11, 0.06 and 0.00 respectively. Between‐sex genetic correlation was moderate (0.55 ± 0.11) for body weight, suggesting that the trait expressions in female and male may be genetically different. In female, the genetic correlations for body weight among three female types were close to one (0.91–0.94). In contrast, the genetic correlations for body weight between male morphotypes especially between blue claw or orange claw and small males were low (0.15–0.25). Furthermore, we estimated genetic gain as the difference in least square means (LSM) or estimated breeding values (EBV) between the selection line and control group. The genetic gain in body weight was smaller in females than in males. It is concluded that there is no need to run separate breeding programme for female and male GFP. A combined selection using both female and male data can achieve selection response for body weight as demonstrated in the present study.     

Outbreak of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS) in lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) in Iceland caused by VHS virus genotype IV

A novel viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) of genotype IV was isolated from wild lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus), brought to a land‐based farm in Iceland, to serve as broodfish. Two groups of lumpfish juveniles, kept in tanks in the same facility, got infected. The virus isolated was identified as VHSV by ELISA and real‐time RT‐PCR. Phylogenetic analysis, based on the glycoprotein (G) gene sequences, may indicate a novel subgroup of VHSV genotype IV. In controlled laboratory exposure studies with this new isolate, there was 3% survival in the I.P. injection challenged group while there was 90% survival in the immersion group. VHSV was not re‐isolated from fish challenged by immersion. In a cohabitation trial, lumpfish infected I.P. (shedders) were placed in tanks with naïve lumpfish as well as naïve Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). 10% of the lumpfish shedders and 43%–50% of the cohabiting lumpfish survived after 4 weeks. 80%–92% of the Atlantic salmon survived, but no viral RNA was detected by real‐time RT‐PCR nor VHSV was isolated from Atlantic salmon. This is the first isolation of a notifiable virus in Iceland and the first report of VHSV of genotype IV in European waters.     

鱼病毒性神经坏死病病毒（VNNV）不同基因型鉴别方法的建立及在VNN检疫和监测中的应用

从GenBank中查找出乙型野田村病毒组中海水鱼类各病毒的序列,并用Sequencher多重序列比较软件将其分到条纹踢神经坏死病毒(striped jack nervous necrosis virus,SJNNV)组、条纹星鲽神经坏死病毒(barfin flounder nervous necrosis virus,BFNNV)组、红点石斑鱼神经坏死病毒(redspotted grouper nervous necrosis virus,RGNNV)组和虎斑东方纯神经坏死病毒(tiger puffer nervous necrosis virus,TPNNV)组4个基因型的组别中。用DNAsis序列比较软件比较同一基因型各基因序列之间的同源性,均在815％以上;不同基因型之间序列的同源性,均在66％以下。结合Premier引物设计软件和Sequencher序列多重比较软件,设计了4对引物,采用逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT—PCR)来鉴别这4个不同的基因型。对从深圳口岸进境的产地为台湾的海水鱼苗和广东、福建两省养殖的主要海水鱼类进行检疫和监测,结果在进境的海水鱼苗中检出有RGNNV基因型的VNNV,在福建和广东省养殖的石斑鱼成鱼和鱼苗的病鱼体内均检测到RGNNV基因型的VNNV,对上述扩增产物基因序列进行比较,相似性均在96．5％以上,推导出的氨基酸序列与玛拉巴石斑鱼神经坏死病毒(MNNV)序列相似性均为100％。     

小型复式谷物清选机的研制

小型复式谷物清选机的研制是在市场有大量需求的前提下进行的.该机配用动力是1.5kW的单相交流电动机,机架的宽度尺寸是根据地排车下盘的尺寸和筛体的宽度尺寸确定的,筛选振频为420 Hz,振幅为6 mm,风机转速为910 r/min.该机主要待改进的部分是仓门由手动调节改为自动调节.