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51.
为揭示甜菜盐胁迫下的分子响应机制,利用组学技术发现并鉴定关键基因及蛋白,迅速给予甜菜耐盐机理新的依据。本研究综述了转录组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学、基因组学在甜菜耐盐机理中的研究进展。目前研究指出转录组学、蛋白质组学可筛选出甜菜耐盐关键候选基因,如BvM14-SAMS2、BvM14-glyoxalase I、BvNHX等,并利用基因组学对所发现基因进行验证。同时,探讨代谢组学在甜菜盐胁迫研究中的应用,以期通过代谢产物的定量与定性测量评估基因功能,为甜菜盐胁迫相关研究提供新信息与新思路。下一步应不断深化各组学技术间的融合,强化多学科交叉融合意识并积极创新,以发掘更多优质的甜菜耐盐遗传种质资源与基因资源。 相似文献
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Jennifer L Doyle Deirdre C Purfield Tom Moore Tara R Carthy Siobhan W Walsh Roel F Veerkamp Ross D Evans Donagh P Berry 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(5)
Sexual dimorphism, the phenomenon whereby males and females of the same species are distinctive in some aspect of appearance or size, has previously been documented in cattle for traits such as growth rate and carcass merit using a quantitative genetics approach. No previous study in cattle has attempted to document sexual dimorphism at a genome level; therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine whether genomic regions associated with size and muscularity in cattle exhibited signs of sexual dimorphism. Analyses were undertaken on 10 linear-type traits that describe the muscular and skeletal characteristics of both males and females of five beef cattle breeds: 1,444 Angus (AA), 6,433 Charolais (CH), 1,129 Hereford, 8,745 Limousin (LM), and 1,698 Simmental. Genome-wide association analyses were undertaken using imputed whole-genome sequence data for each sex separately by breed. For each single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that was segregating in both sexes, the difference between the allele substitution effect sizes for each sex, in each breed separately, was calculated. Suggestively (P ≤ 1 × 10−5) sexually dimorphic SNPs that were segregating in both males and females were detected for all traits in all breeds, although the location of these SNPs differed by both trait and breed. Significantly (P ≤ 1 × 10−8) dimorphic SNPs were detected in just three traits in the AA, seven traits in the CH, and three traits in the LM. The vast majority of all segregating autosomal SNPs (86% in AA to 94% in LM) had the same minor allele in both males and females. Differences (P ≤ 0.05) in allele frequencies between the sexes were observed for between 36% (LM) and 66% (AA) of the total autosomal SNPs that were segregating in both sexes. Dimorphic SNPs were located within a number of genes related to muscularity and/or size including the NAB1, COL5A2, and IWS1 genes on BTA2 that are located close to, and thought to be co-inherited with, the MSTN gene. Overall, sexual dimorphism exists in cattle at the genome level, but it is not consistent by either trait or breed. 相似文献
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植物根结线虫基因组学研究进展 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
根结线虫是世界农业生产中危害最大的植物病原之一,目前仍缺乏安全有效的防治措施。深入揭示寄生线虫与植物之间互作的分子机制,利用生物技术进行抗性育种被认为是最有前景的抗线虫策略。在根结线虫基因组学研究方面,目前已经构建了北方根结线虫AFLP遗传连锁图谱,南方根结线虫和北方根结线虫基因组测序也已完成;基因组的注释和比较基因组学分析,较全面地描述了根结线虫的遗传组成;以差异表达分析和比较基因组学为主的方法鉴定了大量的重要基因;以RNA干扰、植物转化和蛋白互作为主的根结线虫基因功能研究也取得了一些进展。本文就根结线虫基因组学研究予以综述,并进一步探讨其研究方向和可持续抗线虫新策略的发展前景。 相似文献
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Zoonotic origin and transmission of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in the UAE
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Y. Tao Y. M. Eltahir E. A. Elsayed B. A. Marzoug O. K. A. Bensalah A. I. Khalafalla M. Al Mulla A. Khudhair K. A. Elkheir Z. B. Issa K. Pradeep F. N. Elsaleh H. Imambaccus J. Sasse S. Weber M. Shi J. Zhang Y. Li H. Pham L. Kim A. J. Hall S. I. Gerber S. Tong S. S. M. Al Muhairi 《Zoonoses and public health》2018,65(3):322-333
Since the emergence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS‐CoV) in 2012, there have been a number of clusters of human‐to‐human transmission. These cases of human‐to‐human transmission involve close contact and have occurred primarily in healthcare settings, and they are suspected to result from repeated zoonotic introductions. In this study, we sequenced whole MERS‐CoV genomes directly from respiratory samples collected from 23 confirmed MERS cases in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). These samples included cases from three nosocomial and three household clusters. The sequences were analysed for changes and relatedness with regard to the collected epidemiological data and other available MERS‐CoV genomic data. Sequence analysis supports the epidemiological data within the clusters, and further, suggests that these clusters emerged independently. To understand how and when these clusters emerged, respiratory samples were taken from dromedary camels, a known host of MERS‐CoV, in the same geographic regions as the human clusters. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus genomes from six virus‐positive animals were sequenced, and these genomes were nearly identical to those found in human patients from corresponding regions. These data demonstrate a genetic link for each of these clusters to a camel and support the hypothesis that human MERS‐CoV diversity results from multiple zoonotic introductions. 相似文献
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Sharadha Sakthikumar Salvatore Facista Derick Whitley Sara A. Byron Zeeshan Ahmed Manisha Warrier Zhanyang Zhu Esther Chon Kathryn Banovich David Haworth William P. D. Hendricks Guannan Wang 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2023,21(3):482-491
The accrual of cancer mutation data and related functional and clinical associations have revolutionised human oncology, enabling the advancement of precision medicine and biomarker-guided clinical management. The catalogue of cancer mutations is also growing in canine cancers. However, without direct high-powered functional data in dogs, it remains challenging to interpret and utilise them in research and clinical settings. It is well-recognised that canine and human cancers share genetic, molecular and phenotypic similarities. Therefore, leveraging the massive wealth of human mutation data may help advance canine oncology. Here, we present a structured analysis of sequence conservation and conversion of human mutations to the canine genome through a ‘caninisation’ process. We applied this analysis to COSMIC, the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer, the most prominent human cancer mutation database. For the project's initial phase, we focused on the subset of the COSMIC data corresponding to Cancer Gene Census (CGC) genes. A total of 670 canine orthologs were found for 721 CGC genes. In these genes, 365 K unique mutations across 160 tumour types were converted successfully to canine coordinates. We identified shared putative cancer-driving mutations, including pathogenic and hotspot mutations and mutations bearing similar biomarker associations with diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic utility. Thus, this structured caninisation of human cancer mutations facilitates the interpretation and annotation of canine mutations and helps bridge the knowledge gap to enable canine precision medicine. 相似文献
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Cheryl A. London Heather Gardner Shaying Zhao Deborah W. Knapp Sagar M. Utturkar Dawn L. Duval Melissa R. Chambers Elaine Ostrander Jeffrey M. Trent Gina Kuffel 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2023,21(4):565-577
Pet dogs develop spontaneous cancers at a rate estimated to be five times higher than that of humans, providing a unique opportunity to study disease biology and evaluate novel therapeutic strategies in a model system that possesses an intact immune system and mirrors key aspects of human cancer biology. Despite decades of interest, effective utilization of pet dog cancers has been hindered by a limited repertoire of necessary cellular and molecular reagents for both in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as a dearth of information regarding the genomic landscape of these cancers. Recently, many of these critical gaps have been addressed through the generation of a highly annotated canine reference genome, the creation of several tools necessary for multi-omic analysis of canine tumours, and the development of a centralized repository for key genomic and associated clinical information from canine cancer patients, the Integrated Canine Data Commons. Together, these advances have catalysed multidisciplinary efforts designed to integrate the study of pet dog cancers more effectively into the translational continuum, with the ultimate goal of improving human outcomes. The current review summarizes this recent progress and provides a guide to resources and tools available for comparative study of pet dog cancers. 相似文献