生态庭院经济与农业产业化经营结合的途径探讨

积极推进生态庭院经济与农业产业化经营的结合,是对中国农村经济发展模式的新探索。这对于重塑生态庭院经济形象,提升生态庭院经济档次,建设社会主义新农村,增加农民收入,促进农村社会稳定具有时分重要的意义,因此需要进一步加大力度探索二者结合的有效途径。     

Ecology,physiology and genetics of a phycodnavirus infecting the noxious bloom-forming raphidophyte <Emphasis Type="Italic">Heterosigma akashiwo</Emphasis>

Abstract:   Heterosigma akashiwo virus (HaV) is a large icosahedral virus (∼0.2 μm) harboring a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genome (∼294 kbp). The virus is the only member of the genus Raphidovirus in the family Phycodnaviridae. Since its first discovery, a number of ecologic, physiologic and genetic studies about HaV have been conducted; especially, the relationship between H. akashiwo and HaV in nature was studied and viral infection is now regarded as a significant factor influencing the dynamics and termination of H. akashiwo blooms. HaV infection has considerable impacts on H. akashiwo populations in both aspects of fluctuation in biomass (quantity) and changes in clonal composition (quality). Partial sequencing of the HaV genome revealed that a number of genes showed considerable similarity to those of other protist-infecting viruses; still, the phylogenetic position of HaV suggested a number of enigmas in host–virus coevolution. Here are summarized the ecology, physiology and genetics of HaV especially from the viewpoint of the host–virus relationship.     

鱼类弹状病毒分子生物学研究动态

鱼类弹状病毒(Fish rhabdovirus)是一类引起鱼及其他水生动物致死性和流行性病害的重要病毒病原。对鱼类弹状病毒基因组的结构和功能研究,是深入探讨这类病毒感染和致病机理、研制病毒疫苗及诊断试剂的理论基础。本文就鱼类弹状病毒的基因组结构,包括N基因、P基因、M基因、G基因、NV基因、L基因及编码的相应蛋白、3′前导区和5′拖尾区、基因连接区等的组成及功能的研究进展作一综述,旨为抗病毒疫苗的研制及建立准确高效的检测方法提供借鉴。     

大白菜InDels标记开发及其在剩余杂合体鉴定中的应用

大白菜(Brassica rapa ssp.pekinensis)参考基因组序列的公布及测序成本的降低为大规模开发插入/缺失(Insertion/Deletion,InDel)标记提供了可能.本研究以性状差异明显的大白菜自交系He102与06-247为亲本,开展了全基因组重测序、标记开发和验证工作.二者测序深度分别为10×和8×,经筛选共获得330 218个InDels差异位点,出现频率为1.2个/kb,其中有11 238个差异位点位于编码区,包括5 184个差异基因,每个基因平均包含2.2个差异位点.分别以He102与06-247测序数据中筛选出的多态性InDels位点为参照,从10条染色体上随机选择933个位点进行了PCR扩增及电泳检测验证.结果表明,测序深度对假阳性率有直接影响,以测序较深的材料中筛选到的差异位点为参照,其验证结果的假阳性率亦较高,反之则较低.本研究中以He102与06-247为参照选择InDels位点验证的平均假阳性率分别是51.9％和22.5％.从933个位点中共筛选出593个在亲本之间实际表现为多态性的位点,这些差异位点中有375个位于编码区,是潜在的功能性标记.利用上述差异位点,检测了He102与06-247衍生的F7代重组自交系群体,明确了F7代各株系在593个位点的纯/杂合状态,为利用剩余杂合株系精细解析和精准定位大白菜耐抽薹、抗病毒、抗干烧心等重要农艺性状奠定了基础.     

菜豆根瘤菌Rhizobium etli CFN42全基因组含信号肽分泌蛋白的鉴定与分析

利用菜豆根瘤菌Rhizobium etli CFN42全基因组测序结果,结合计算机技术和生物信息学分析方法,对菜豆根瘤菌蛋白质组中的分泌蛋白进行预测和分析,以便更深入地了解共生固氮的分子机制。经过分析发现,在该根瘤菌5 963个蛋白质中,具有信号肽的分泌蛋白332个,占总数的5.4%主要涉及底物转运、物质代谢和信号转导等方面。在有功能描述的186个分泌蛋白中,识别了Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ型分泌系统和丝氨酸蛋白酶,这些蛋白质可能参与了根瘤菌对宿主植物的侵染,是两者分子对话的关键参与者;在假定蛋白中,通过结构域分析,发现了SH3b、BA14K和EFh结构域,含有这些结构域的分泌蛋白可能参与了根瘤信号转导途径。在根瘤菌共生结瘤过程中,分泌蛋白发挥了重要作用。     

聊城市面向土地利用现状的GIS空间数据库建设构想

土地利用数据具有空间特性,利用地理信息系统技术与空间数据库管理技术实现土地数据的科学高效管理是必然的发展趋势。文章阐述了数据收集与采集规范的制定、数据预处理、数据采集、数据处理、数据库建立的建库技术流程,空间数据质量控制,空间数据的组织管理及数据库的功能实现。     

不同动物部分组织基因组甲基化程度的差异分析

应用甲基敏感扩增多态性(MSAP)技术,检测和分析了猪、牛、羊、小鼠、鸡和鸭基因组的甲基化程度。结果表明,对CCGG位点,实验中检测的几种动物的甲基化程度多数在0.40￣0.50之间(不包括牛);不同动物来源相同组织基因组的甲基化程度不同,相同动物不同组织基因组的甲基化模式具有特异性;同一种动物,组织基因组的甲基化程度一般都高于血液基因组;另外,哺乳动物与禽类基因组甲基化程度未发现较大的差别,但哺乳动物基因组全甲基化位点较多,半甲基化位点较少。     

Recent advances in molecular genetics of forest trees

The use of molecular markers has greatly enhanced our understanding of the genome structure of forest trees. Conifers, in particular, have a relatively large genome, containing a very high proportion of repeated DNA, consisting of tandemly repetitive and dispersed repetitive DNA sequences. The nature of highly conserved tandemly repetitive rRNA genes has been investigated in a number of tree species, and their sites mapped on specific chromosomes by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Different families of retrotransposons (IFG, and TPE1) have been isolated and characterized from the dispersed repetitive DNA of pines. Genome maps have been constructed in a number of forest tree genera: Pinus, Picea, Pseudotsuga, Cryptomeria, Taxus, Populus, and Eucalyptus. EST databases have been established from cDNA clones of pines and poplars. The structure and maternal or paternal modes of inheritance of organelle genomes have been investigated in forest trees. Comparative mapping in conifers has shown that gene families are conserved across genera. Due to lack of polyploidy in conifers, the evolution of this group of trees may have occurred primarily by duplication and dispersal of genes, probably by retrotranspositions, to form complex gene families. The evolution of angiosperm tree species has presumably involved both gene duplication as well as genome duplication (polyploidy). Application of genetic engineering has shown that genes from phylogenetically unrelated organisms can be introduced and expressed in trees, thus offering prospects of genetic improvement of forest trees. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.