基于TCN和Transformer的鸡胚心跳混淆信号分类方法

鸡蛋胚胎培养法是制备禽流感疫苗常用的方法,快速准确地对鸡蛋胚胎进行成活性分类并将死胚从活胚中尽早剔除可以有效避免因胚胎死亡导致的细菌或霉菌污染,对孵化效率的提高有着重要意义。目前,主要以鸡胚心跳信号作为分辨死胚和活胚的依据。然而,鸡蛋活胚在注入禽流感病毒96 h后,其心跳信号特征介于普通活胚和死胚之间,易与死胚混淆,本文将该类数据称为鸡胚心跳混淆信号,单独作为一类加入数据集,将原本死胚、活胚二分类改为死胚、普通活胚和96 h活胚三分类,根据信号特征设计了绝对值均值标准化预处理方法,增强原始数据特征以提升数据可分类性,并针对全局特征和细节特征提出了一种基于时间卷积网络(Temporal convolutional network, TCN)和Transformer的残差结构浅层双分支网络结构(Residual fully temporal convolutional with transformer network, RFTNet)。实验结果表明,本文提出的三分类绝对值均值标准化预处理方法和RFTNet双分支网络在鸡胚混淆数据集分类任务中展现出良好性能,检测准确率高达99.75%。此外,...     

Barley yield and soil microbial and enzyme activities as affected by contamination of two soils with lead, zinc or copper

The effects of increasing rates of Pb, Zn and Cu on extractable heavy metal levels, barley yields, basal respiration and the activities of catalase, urease, invertase and acid phosphatase were investigated in two soils in a 2-year greenhouse experiment. In the first year, barley yields were decreased by increasing additions of Pb, Zn and Cu. In the second year, increased yields were recorded at lower rates of addition of all three metals in both the chestnut and chernozem soils. Yield depressions were most marked for added Cu and least marked for Pb but, in contrast, accumulation of heavy metals in grain, in excess of recommended limits, was most pronounced for Pb and did not occur for Cu. Increasing rates of all three metals caused a decrease in basal respiration; the degree of inhibition was generally greater in the second than in the first year. After 1 year of incubation, increasing rates of addition of metals reduced all tested enzyme activities. However, after 2 years, the pattern of response was more complex, with increases in enzyme activities being noted at lower rates of addition of all three metals. In general, invertase and urease activities were more markedly inhibited by heavy metal contamination than those of catalase and phosphatase. Ammonium acetate-extractable heavy metal concentrations in soils were less after 2 years than 1 years reaction time due to their transformation into less labile forms. Significant negative correlations between grain yield, basal respiration and enzyme activities were observed in both years.     

谷物种子萌发时淀粉酶活性测定影响因素分析

采用碘.淀粉比色法,研究不同室温、不同水浴温度、不同萌发天数小麦种子萌发时淀粉酶活性的大小.结果表明:室温20℃左右,水浴40℃,萌发天数5 d时,淀粉酶的活性最强.在一定范围内,随着室温、水浴温度的升高,萌发天数的增长,糖化时间会缩短,淀粉酶的活性也会随之上升.     

短短芽孢杆菌JK-2(Brevibacillus brevis)胞外物质抗香蕉枯萎病菌的稳定性

研究温度、光照、紫外辐射、蛋白酶K、pH对生防菌短短芽孢杆菌(Brevibacillus brevis)JK-2胞外物质抗香蕉枯萎病菌稳定性的影响,为香蕉枯萎病生防菌剂的研制提供理论依据。在30℃,170r/min的条件下,恒温振荡培养36h采样制备生防菌短短芽孢杆菌(Brevibacillus brevis)JK-2胞外物质,以香蕉枯萎病菌为指示菌,对胞外物质的抑菌特性进行研究。结果表明:该胞外物质具有一定的热稳定性,60~80℃温育1h保持88.5%以上活性,在100℃放置1h后无抑菌活性;在酸性pH3.0~5.0和碱性pH9.0~11.0条件下,抑菌活性保持在77.2%以上,对光照、蛋白酶K、紫外照射均不敏感。其抑菌作用的最适温度为30℃,最适pH为7.0。     

FLOODING STRESS: The Effects of Planting Pattern and Water Regime on Root Morphology,Physiology and Grain Yield of Rice

Field experiments were conducted over two growing seasons to investigate the effects of variations in water regime and planting pattern on the growth of rice plant roots and shoots and on yield. Four water regimes were evaluated with split plot design: intermittent flooding during the vegetative stage only (IF‐V); intermittent flooding extending into the reproductive stage (IF‐R); not flooded (NF); and continuously flooded (CF), interacting with three different planting patterns: single seedling per hill with wider 30 × 30 cm spacing (P1); single seedling per hill with closer 20 × 20 cm spacing (P2); and three to four seedlings per hill with 20 × 20 cm spacing (P3). The treatment combination CF/P3 corresponds most closely with current conventional practice. The other combinations were evaluated to contribute to a better understanding of the effects of the two parameters studied, respectively and together. IF‐V/P1 was considered as an approximation of System of Rice Intensification (SRI) practice. This study found that the combination of singly transplanted seedlings, both P1 and P2, with the IF‐V water regime improved root length density, root physiological activity, and chlorophyll content of the upper and lower leaves, leading to higher grain yield compared with the other treatment combinations. With continuous flooding (CF), P2 gave 23 % more yield compared with the P3 planting pattern. Combining IF‐V and P2 produced 32 % more grain yield compared with the CF/P3 treatment. These results showed a synergistic effect on grain yield from reduced intra‐hill competition and IF‐V water management. In these trials, there was no significant yield difference between the IF‐V/P1 and CF/P3 treatments. Wider spacing improved the performance of individual hills when grown under IF‐V water regimes, but tiller number per unit area remained a dominant determinant of yield. The yield reduction observed for CF/P1 compared with CF/P3 indicated that in more hypoxic CF soils, denser plant populations can produce more than sparser ones, whereas the latter benefit from more aerobic soil conditions. Intermittent irrigation during the vegetative growth stage and transplanting single seedlings/hill are major elements of SRI methodology. These findings contribute to an understanding of why SRI methods can produce the higher yields reported. A consideration of the effects of interaction between planting pattern and water regime shows the need to establish empirically the optimum values for these treatments according to varietal, soil and climatic characteristics for the greatest yield response.     

恩施藤茶乙醇提取物对高温煮熟鱼肉腐败菌的抑制作用研究

以生长菌落数为评价指标,研究恩施藤茶乙醇提取物对高温煮熟鱼肉的防腐效果;采用稀释平板法分离纯化和16S rDNA测序技术鉴定导致高温煮熟鱼肉腐败变质的细菌;运用滤纸片法测试恩施藤茶乙醇提取物对腐败变质细菌的抑菌活性;通过测定恩施藤茶乙醇提取物对腐败变质细菌生长曲线、导电率及生物大分子含量的影响研究其抑菌机理。结果表明:在储藏15 d内,30 mg·mL-1恩施藤茶乙醇提取物能完全抑制高温煮熟鱼肉中细菌生长;分离、鉴定了2株导致高温煮熟鱼肉腐败变质的细菌Bacillus methylotrophicus T-10、Alcaligenes faecalis T-9;恩施藤茶乙醇提取物对这2株腐败菌具有中敏抑菌活性(抑菌圈直径:10~20 mm),其最小抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为16.0 mg·mL-1和20.0 mg·mL-1;恩施藤茶乙醇提取物通过破坏菌体细胞膜的完整性,致使生物大分子物质外溢而发挥抑菌作用。     

覆盖栽培对烤烟叶绿素、酶活性及丙二醛含量的影响

研究了烤烟大田栽培期间,旺长期揭膜培土后垄上覆盖稻草与旺长期揭膜培土、全生育期覆盖地膜、全生育期覆盖稻草等4种垄体覆盖方式对烤烟叶片叶绿素含量、有关酶活性和丙二醛含量的影响。结果表明：旺长期揭膜培土后垄上覆盖稻草的处理较其他3种处理的叶绿素含量、硝酸还原酶（NR）活性和过氧化物酶（POD）活性略高,而丙二醛（MDA）含量略低;该农艺措施下,上述指标的变化态势与烤烟生长代谢的调控机理基本一致,在信阳乃至黄淮烟区都具有推广利用价值。     

益智果实挥发油化学成分及抑菌活性研究

对海南典型野生分布的益智群落,随机选取27个居群为研究对象,提取果实挥发油并用GC-MS技术分析其化学成分。结果表明,益智果实挥发油最大产率0.153%,最小产率为0.003%,平均产率为0.088%;27份挥发油样品共鉴定出102个化合物,其中样品间共有化合物65个,非共有化合物37个;化合物主要以萜类和含氧衍生物为主。抑菌活性试验表明,其中2份挥发油样品对金黄色葡萄球菌有一定的抑制作用,通过相关性分析发现α-紫穗槐烯,石竹烯,香橙烯,乙酸香茅酯,榄香烯,大根香叶烯,愈创木烯和榄香醇这8种化合物与抑制金黄色葡萄球菌相关显著或极显著。     

乳酸菌发酵对鳙鱼肉糜抗氧化活性的影响

研究了以乳酸菌发酵鳙鱼肉糜并对其抗氧化活性。结果表明,乳酸菌发酵可显著增强鳙鱼肉糜DPPH·、超氧阴离子自由基清除能力和还原能力,但对其Fe2+螯合能力影响不显著。乳酸菌发酵是改善鳙鱼肉糜抗氧化活性的一种有效方式。     

不同种类绿茶提取物抗氧化活性研究

测定了三种绿茶的总多酚、黄酮和花青素含量,利用亚铁离子螯合能力、DPPH清除能力和铁还原力法对三种绿茶提取物的抗氧化活性进行分析,结果表明绿茶中以黄山毛峰的总酚含量最高。黄酮含量基没有显著性差异。花青素的含量由大到小依次是信阳毛尖、黄山毛峰和营州芽峰。亚铁离子螯合能力,黄山毛峰>信阳毛尖>营州芽峰。在稀释倍数为2时,黄山毛峰的亚铁离子螯合能力分别是信阳毛尖和营州芽峰的1.32倍和1.38倍。在0.25-1mgDW/mL的浓度下,黄山毛峰的对DPPH的清除能力要显著高于信阳毛尖和营州芽峰,而信阳毛尖和营州芽峰之间无显著性差异。在稀释倍数为2时,黄山毛峰的铁还原力分别是信阳毛尖和营州芽峰的1.35和1.4倍。