平原农区果农间作种植模式研究

1993～1997年在昌吉市、米泉县试验、示范果园及昌吉州其它县大田果园进行了调查研究,提出了适宜于昌吉州六县二市自然条件的种植模式,即:果树林带走向以东西向为宜,采用斜沟栽植,株距3～4 m,行距4 m.果树前3～4年,适宜间作,间作以棉花最好,打瓜次之,匍匐果树采用匍匐扇形修剪技术.这种模式可在果园第二年收回全部投入,并有较好的经济效益.     

天山野果林塞威士苹果和短距凤仙花叶斑病病原真菌的鉴定

为了解新疆天山野果林中塞威士苹果Malus sieversii与其林下伴生植物短距凤仙花Impatiens brachycentra两种植物叶斑病病原菌的多样性及同源性,采用组织分离法获得病原菌,基于rDNA-ITS序列构建系统发育树,并进行ITS序列BLAST同源性比对,对病原菌进行鉴定分类,并依据科赫氏法则测定致病性。结果显示,从新疆新源县天山野果林中的塞威士苹果及短距凤仙花病叶上共分离得到18株菌落形态各异的病原菌,分属于2属4种,绝大多数属于半知菌亚门。其中,链格孢属Alternaria sp.为塞威士苹果和短距凤仙花叶斑病病原真菌中的优势菌群。致病性测定结果显示,其中11株病原真菌对塞威士苹果具有致病性,7株病原真菌对短距凤仙花具有致病性;塞威士苹果所有的病原真菌对短距凤仙花均有致病性,而且短距凤仙花所有的病原真菌对塞威士苹果也有致病性。推测2种植物叶斑病可能由相同来源的病原真菌引发,短距凤仙花染病加剧了塞威士苹果叶斑病暴发,可能是野果林退化的重要原因。     

云南桔小寡鬃实蝇种群动态研究

经过水平和垂直地带的性诱观测与室内外调查试验，发现云南桔小寡鬃实蝇年发生４－５代。第二代为主害代，主要为害芒果、桃、番石榴等。成虫诱集高蜂期除柑桔点（高峰期为９－１０月）、甜橙点（高峰期为１０－１２月）外，蓁各点均在６－７月间。各年高峰期早晚和诱集量不同。同年各点成虫高峰期出现的时间也有差异，主要表现为从南到北高峰期推迟。冬季除昆明外，其它各点均可诱到成虫。以高温高湿的西双版纳数量最多。同一地区随     

果树小叶病发生原因及小叶病果园综合管理措施

小叶病是果树普遍发生的一种生理性病害，主要是由于土壤缺锌以及树体内锌和磷的营养比例失调所致。小叶病严重影响果树的生长发育、产量和品质的提高。介绍了苹果、桃、葡萄、核桃、梨等果树的小叶病症状，并论述了小叶病发生的原因，提出了小叶病果园的综合管理措施，即应在改良土壤、增施有机肥的基础上，通过增施锌肥、合理浇灌、适当修剪来根治果树小叶病。     

High-throughput screening reveals small molecule modulators inhibitory to Acidovorax citrulli

Acidovorax citrulli is a seed-transmitted gram-negative bacterium that can cause substantial economic yield loss in watermelon and melon production worldwide. Four small-molecule libraries containing 4,952 compounds were selected for high-throughput screening against A. citrulli wild-type strain Xu3-14 by evaluation of growth inhibition. One hundred and twenty-seven molecules (2.5% hit rate) were identified as bactericidal or bacteriostatic against A. citrulli at 100 μM. Secondary screens indicated that 27 candidate compounds were more effective against A. citrulli Group II strains than Group I strains (classified using repetitive element PCR). Several compounds were inhibitory to other pathogenic bacteria, including Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis and Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, but did not affect the growth of plant beneficial bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis. More than half of the compounds did not inhibit germination of Arabidopsis or watermelon seeds. The effect of small molecules on A. citrulli seed-to-seedling transmission was evaluated by applying each compound to inoculated watermelon seeds and assessing seedling infection. Nine compounds were chosen for further investigation based on their reduction of percentage seedling infection and compiling scores on their specificity, sensitivity, and phytotoxicity obtained in the secondary screens. The five best compounds were selected (thiamphenicol, nadifloxacin, pipemidic acid, ciclopirox, and zinc pyrithione) for greenhouse tests and were found to effectively reduce the seed-to-seedling transmission of A. citrulli in both artificially and naturally infested seeds. These top five compounds provide a basis for future development of an A. citrulli-specific bactericide.     

Postharvest decay control and quality retention in litchi (cv. McLean's Red) by combined application of modified atmosphere packaging and antimicrobial agents

The effects of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) [bioriented polypropylene (BOPP-1 or BOPP-2)] in combination with antimicrobial agents Bacillus subtilis, 10⁷ colony-forming units (cfu) ml⁻¹; ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, calcium disodium salt hydrate (EDTA) (0.1%); or 4-hexylresorcinol (4-HR) (0.15%) on postharvest decay control and quality retention of litchi cv. McLean's Red were assessed as possible replacements for commercial SO₂ fumigation. Fruits dipped in B. subtilis, EDTA or 4-HR (5 min) separately, blow dried (25 °C, 3 min), packed in BOPP-1, held for 18 d at 2 °C, 95% RH, and 2 d at 14 °C, 75% RH were significantly less decayed. The antagonist–BOPP-1 combination also promoted the best bacterial survival during storage. B. subtilis was observed to survive effectively in BOPP-1 (16% O₂, 6% CO₂; 90% RH), but its survival was adversely affected in BOPP-2 (5% O₂, 8% CO₂; 93% RH). Alternaria alternata and Cladosporium spp. were the major decay-causing fungi in BOPP-1 treatments, and Candida, Cryptococcus and Zygosaccharomyces were the predominant yeasts in BOPP-2 treatments. Combination treatments EDTA, 4-HR or B. subtilis in BOPP-1 inhibited polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and significantly reduced pericarp browning and severity. Although the combination treatments EDTA, 4-HR or B. subtilis in BOPP were equally effective in controlling decay and browning, the EDTA and 4-HR affected the natural pinkish-red colour of the pericarp by showing higher h° values (orange–pink). Among the combination treatments, B. subtilis+BOPP-1 had the best potential to control decay, retain the colour and the overall litchi fruit quality during a marketing chain of 20 d.     

云南水果产业品牌发展现状及对策研究初探

品牌化是农业现代化水平的核心标志。分析水果产业品牌发展现状及对策有利于推动区域现代果业高质量发展。云南省是高原特色水果主要产区,通过分析云南省水果产业品牌建设发展现状及存在的问题,提出全链条提升果品生产绿色化水平,强化品牌建设意识,大力引进扶持品牌创建主体,拓展电商业态,加强品牌宣传的对策建议,有利于提升云南省果业整体竞争水平,也将为相似省份水果产业品牌建设提供参考。     

桑椹菌核病病原及病害防治技术综述

\t\t\t\t\t目的\t\t\t\t\t旨在筛选用于桑葚菌核病防治的高效生物制剂,提高桑葚品质。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t方法\t\t\t\t\t通过田间试验,选用2×10⁸ CFU/g泰诺木霉菌(WP)、3%中生菌素(WP)、 47%春雷·王铜(WP)、3×10⁸ CFU/g哈茨木霉菌(WP)、 4%嘧啶核苷类抗生素(水剂) 5种生物制剂,每种生物制剂设3个浓度梯度,在桑树初花期、盛花期、谢花期分别用5种不同生物制剂不同稀释液喷施桑树。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t结果\t\t\t\t\t5种生物制剂对桑葚菌核病具有不同程度的防效,且同一生物制剂随着药液浓度增加,防效呈上升趋势。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t结论\t\t\t\t\t2×10⁸ CFU/g泰诺木霉菌可湿性粉剂300～800倍液对桑葚菌核病防效是69.76%～84.02%,与目前生产中应用的化学药剂腐霉利防效相当,因此可作为桑葚菌核病的防治药剂。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t