Comparative Biomass Production of Six Oat Varieties in a Saline Soil Ecology

Oat is widely used as a food source in human and animal diets. In China, supplementary cultivation of oat has recently been extended into marginal saline soils, due to its extensive use. The goal of the present study was to explore and compare the agronomic characteristics, biomass production, and distribution of oat in coastal saline soil. A single-factor randomized block design experiment with six naked and husked oat varieties [Bayou-1 (BU-1), Baiyan-2 (BY-2), Baiyan-7 (BY-7), Huawan-6 (HW-6), Huazao-2 (HZ-2), and Pin-16 (P-16)] as treatments was conducted in the Hebei Province of China. The growth period (77 to 88 days) of the six oat varieties were shorter in saline soil than their original breeding region. Moreover, the plant was shorter, with a lower grain number per plant and seed setting. Grain weight increased and no change was observed in the floret number in coastal saline soil relative to the original habitats. The BY-7 variety produced the highest biomass value of 7.0 t ha^?1 compared to the other five varieties. Compared with two active growth points, most varieties in the present study showed just one growth activity point between elongation and heading. Two fast growth periods for the six oat varieties were due to the high total leaf biomass growth rate (BGR) from elongation to heading and panicle BGR from heading to maturity. The biomass growth ratio (BGO) during elongation to heading was the largest among the four growth stages of the oat varieties. The number of kernels per spike decreased at the research site, but grain weight increased. Substantial differences were observed for growth periods, biomass, BGR, BGO, and other agronomic characters in the coastal saline soil of North China, but the BY-7 variety was the most suitable variety for the study site.     

皖北小麦主栽品种遗传多样性的系统聚类法分析

采用系统聚类分析法对淮北地区近50年来推广面积在6.67hm2以上的20个主栽小麦品种遗传差异进行了初步探讨。以株高、穗长、小穗数、小穗密度、千粒重、护颖长短、粒长和粒宽等农艺性状为依据,计算20个品种间遗传距离,采用类平均分析法对供试材料进行聚类分析。结果表明：供试的20个品种共划分为8个类群,Ⅰ类为扬麦12、皖麦47;Ⅱ类为皖麦33;Ⅲ类为皖麦48、阜麦938、济麦21、皖麦44、皖麦55、荔高6号、豫麦49ck2、浏虎98、豫农035、百农AK58;Ⅳ类为豫麦49、皖麦38;Ⅴ类为郑麦366、衡观35;Ⅵ类为皖麦50;Ⅶ类皖蒙118;Ⅷ类为豫麦70。划分结果与系谱分析基本一致,并把系谱来源不清的品种划分到相应的杂种优势群。形态学形状检测是研究品种间遗传差异的一种方法,可为小麦育种亲本选配提供初步的理论依据。     

联合气调包装贮藏对樱桃保鲜效果的影响

采用冷藏条件下联合自发气调包装(CMP)方式贮藏樱桃进行了调查研究,结果表明,贮藏10天樱桃的呼吸强度为4.1 mgCO2/kg·h左右,腐烂率基本控制在10%以内.与纯冷藏相比,联合气调包装保鲜方式可以有效地降低采后樱桃的呼吸强度与腐烂率,有效地保持了采后樱桃的硬度,提高其耐贮性,经济效益显著.     

砧木对小型西瓜"黑武士"的影响

用5个不同砧木分别嫁接“黑武士”西瓜,研究砧木对西瓜的生长发育、产量及品质的影响。结果表明：除花皮籽瓜砧木外,各嫁接组合植株生长势均优于实生苗。各处理产量差异显著,丰砧产量最高,黑籽南瓜单果重最重。嫁接能降低西瓜枯萎病发生率;果实品质分析表明,嫁接苗西瓜可溶性糖含量低于实生苗西瓜,而粗纤维含量高于实生苗;各处理的酸、蛋白质和氨基酸含量差异明显;综合分析表明,丰砧适合作为“黑武士”西瓜的嫁接砧木。     

茶叶中β-葡萄糖苷酶研究进展

对茶叶β-葡萄糖苷酶的分离、纯化、测定方法、酶学特征、基因克隆及其在茶树体内的分布等研究进行了综述,并探讨了今后的研究方向。     

云南核桃无融合生殖率和果实生长量研究

以云南传统栽培品种漾濞泡核桃、娘青核桃、云新301、云新303为试材,通过去雄套袋、切除柱头处理,测定云南核桃无融合生殖率和果实生长情况。结果表明：云南核桃的无融合生殖率为2.77%～44.89%,其中云南传统栽培品种的无融合生殖率高于杂交品种的无融合生殖率,分别为2.77%～44.89%和3.79%～10.04%;切柱头处理的无融合率高于去雄套袋处理,分别为7.28%～44.89%和2.77%～6.8%;切柱头处理的果实生长与自然授粉基本一致,而去雄套袋处理的果实生长相对较慢。不同处理的无融合生殖率有显著差异,无融合生殖的果实发育晚于自然授粉,不同处理的无融合生殖果实生长量有很大差异。     

改良的DNS法测定新鲜果蔬中的糖分

用3,5-二硝基水杨酸复合显色剂,结合示差比色法,可以快速、简便地测定高含量的糖分.本文对示差比色法的条件,如显色剂的组成及其相互关系、贮放时间等进行了研究,所得结果令人满意,从而改进了Miller法.最后,作者应用这种改良法测定了文旦和甜橙果实中的总糖含量,经t检验,其测定值与采用费林法无显著差异.     

套袋对陇东黄土高原富士苹果果皮特征及品质的影响

以“长富2号”苹果为试验材料,进行套袋处理,以不套袋为对照,系统定量研究套袋栽培对苹果果皮特征、果实外观及内在品质的影响。结果表明,苹果套袋后,果实角质膜明显变薄。表皮细胞的大小及排列方式、机械组织细胞的大小及排列方式均发生一定程度的变化。套袋处理显著提高了果实的外观品质,减少虫果率,但加重了日灼现象,同时对果实的内在品质有一定的负效应。与对照相比,套袋果实的硬度、可溶性固固形物和可滴定酸含量均有一定程度的下降,降幅分别达6.55%、8.71%、10.34%。     

高产型徐香猕猴桃树体结构及土壤养分状况分析

为明确猕猴桃果园的生产潜力,在普查的基础上对两个管理水平较高的徐香猕猴桃果园的树体结构及土壤养分状况进行分析。结果表明,高产型徐香猕猴桃树体的合理结构为成龄树冬季修剪后单株保留17个左右结果母枝,每枝保留15~21个有效芽,折合每667 m留长枝量为1 496个,留芽量为22 440~23 760个,7月份叶果比为3.33∶1。土壤速效氮为16.5 mg/kg,速效磷64.8 mg/kg,速效钾209.6 mg/kg,速效镁和速效铁分别156.6 mg/kg和3.58 mg/kg,有机质含量1.13%。可见,充足的肥料投入、枝芽数量及合理的叶果比是高产稳产的基本保证。     

福建省的野生果树种质资源

结合有关文献,对福建省的野生果树种质资源进行了调查,结果表明:福建省野生果树种质资源有44科82属256种和26变种。这些野生果树主要集中在蔷薇科、壳斗科、芸香科、猕猴桃科、葡萄科。福建省野生果树乔木类有122种,灌木类有114种,藤本类有38种,草本类有8种。此外,还对野生果树的开发利用前景进行了分析。