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991.
猪繁殖与呼吸综合征诊断技术研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(PRRS)是猪群中的一种免疫抑制性传染病,是严重危害我国养猪业的主要疫病之一,应用各种诊断技术对该病做出准确的诊断是预防和控制该病的前提。PRRS诊断技术包括检测病毒、检测血清抗体技术及分型诊断,涉及的技术和方法包括病毒分离、免疫组化、RT-PCR、间接免疫荧光试验、免疫过氧化物酶单层细胞试验、酶联免疫吸附试验和基因芯片技术等。每种诊断技术都有其各自的优势和局限性,应根据研究目的及工作条件等综合情况予以选择,文章就各种诊断技术的原理、方法及特点进行了概述和比较,并对今后的应用前景和发展趋势进行了展望。 相似文献
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M. Banville J. Riquet D. Bahon M. Sourdioux L. Canario 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(4):328-337
Genetics of piglet growth in association with sow's early growth and body composition were estimated in the Tai Zumu line. Piglet and sow's litter growth traits were calculated from individual weights collected at birth and at 3 weeks of age. Sow's litter traits included the number of piglets born alive (NBA), the mean piglet weight (MW) and the standard deviation of weights within the litter (SDW). Sow's early growth was measured by the age at 100 kg (A100), and body composition included backfat thickness (BF100). A main objective of this study was to estimate separately the direct genetic effect (d) and the maternal genetic effect (m) on piglet weight and daily weight gain during lactation. Variance components were estimated using the restricted maximum likelihood methodology based on animal models. The heritability estimates were 0.19 for NBA, 0.15 and 0.26 for SDW and MW at 3 weeks and 0.42 and 0.70 for A100 and BF100. The NBA was almost independent from SDW. Conversely, the A100 and BF100 were correlated unfavourably with SDW (rg<−0.24, SE<0.12). A stronger selection for litter size should have little effect on litter homogeneity in weights. Selection for lean growth rate tends to favour heterogeneity in weights. The direct effect on piglet weight at birth and daily weight gain accounted for 12% (h² (d) = 0.02) and 50% (h² (d) = 0.11) of the genetic variance, respectively. The association between d and m for piglet weight was not different from zero at birth (rg = 0.19, SE = 0.27), but a strong antagonism between d and m for daily weight gain from birth to 3 weeks was found (rg = −0.41, SE = 0.17). Substantial direct and maternal genetic effects influenced piglet growth until weaning in opposite way. 相似文献
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Stephen P. Boyte Bruce K. Wylie Donald J. Major 《Strength and Conditioning Journal》2019,72(2):347-359
We mapped yearly (2000–2016) estimates of annual grass percent cover for much of the sagebrush ecosystem of the western United States using remotely sensed, climate, and geophysical data in regression-tree models. Annual grasses senesce and cure by early summer and then become beds of fine fuel that easily ignite and spread fire through rangeland systems. Our annual maps estimate the extent of these fuels and can serve as a tool to assist land managers and scientists in understanding the ecosystem’s response to weather variations, disturbances, and management. Validating the time series of annual maps is important for determining the usefulness of the data. To validate these maps, we compare Bureau of Land Management Assessment Inventory and Monitoring (AIM) data to mapped estimates and use a leave-one-out spatial assessment technique that is effective for validating maps that cover broad geographical extents. We hypothesize that the time series of annual maps exhibits high spatiotemporal variability because precipitation is highly variable in arid and semiarid environments where sagebrush is native, and invasive annual grasses respond to precipitation. The remotely sensed data that help drive our regression-tree model effectively measures annual grasses’ response to precipitation. The mean absolute error (MAE) rate varied depending on the validation data and technique used for comparison. The AIM plot data and our maps had substantial spatial incongruence, but despite this, the MAE rate for the assessment equaled 12.62%. The leave-one-out accuracy assessment had an MAE of 8.43%. We quantified bias, and bias was more substantial at higher percent cover. These annual maps can help management identify actions that may alleviate the current cycle of invasive grasses because it enables the assessment of the variability of annual grass ? percent cover distribution through space and time, as part of dynamic systems rather than static systems. 相似文献
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Cameron A. Duquette Craig A. Davis Samuel D. Fuhlendorf R. Dwayne Elmore 《Strength and Conditioning Journal》2019,72(3):484-491
Despite the fact that the northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus Linnaeus; hereafter, bobwhite) is one of the most well-studied and widely distributed wildlife species in North America, we know little about how bobwhite respond to oil and gas infrastructure. We investigated the impacts of oil and gas development on space use of bobwhite using a multiseason approach. We captured and monitored bobwhite in the breeding season (1 April–30 September, n = 135 individuals) and nonbreeding season (1 October–31 March, n = 30 coveys) and modeled their habitat selection in a resource-utilization function (third order, within home range selection) and resource-selection function (second order, home range selection) format. Generally, energy infrastructure effects on bobwhite were neutral, but breeding season bobwhite did select for areas near low-traffic roads (β = ? 0.31 ± 0.15 SE). In the nonbreeding season, coveys selected for areas within their home range with a limited viewshed (i.e., areas with limited visibility of anthropogenic structures; β = ? 0.03 ± 0.02 SE). Selection differed between sexes for well pads (t = ? 2.12, P = 0.04) but was otherwise similar. At the level of home range selection, bobwhite exhibited a preference for areas with a low density of oil and gas wells and a high density of low-traffic roads during both the breeding and nonbreeding seasons (breeding: βwell = ? 0.14 ± 0.02, βroad = 0.26 ± 0.27; nonbreeding: βwell = ? 0.08 ± 0.03, βroad = 0.16 ± 0.03). As a generalist species, bobwhite appear to be largely tolerant of energy infrastructure and associated disturbances at moderate levels of development but may be sensitive to high densities of oil and gas pads. 相似文献
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研究利用胰酶粉提取胰激肽释放酶的静态提取工艺.分别考察了浸提pH值、平衡液pH值、吸附过程中的NaCl添加量、洗脱过程中pH值、NaCl添加量以及醋酸钠正交试验对利用胰酶粉静态提取胰激肽释放酶的影响.利用胰酶粉静态提取胰激肽释放酶的最佳条件为:浸提pH值为6.0,平衡液pH值为6.5,吸附过程中添加0.02mol/L NaCl,洗脱优化条件控制在pH值为6.5,NaCl0.35 mol/L以及不添加醋酸钠,提取率达到76%以上,该静态条件的考察为胰激肽释放酶的进一步分离纯化提供了理论依据. 相似文献