狂犬病病毒ERA株在犊牛睾丸细胞(BTC)上连续传代的稳定性及毒种批的制备与检验

将狂犬病病毒ERA株接种犊牛睾丸细胞进行了 2轮传代 ,并逐代测定毒价 (LD50 )。结果 :第一轮从 1 5代传至 2 6代 ,其毒价均 >1 0 4 .0 LD50 /0 .0 3mL ,但 2 0代以后似有下降趋势 ;第二轮从 1代传至 2 8代 ,9～ 2 2代毒价为 1 0 4 .5～ 1 0 5 .33LD50 /0 .0 3mL ,2 3代为 1 0 4 .0 LD50 /0 .0 3mL ,2 7、2 8代均 <1 0 4 .0 LD50 /0 .0 3mL。将第 6、1 6、2 8、2 9代ERA/BTC培养物和第 3代ERA/BHK 2 1细胞培养物分别作电镜负染观察 ,比较病毒颗粒形态 ,未见明显差异。将第 1 1代ERA/BTC培养物经冷冻真空干燥制成毒种批 ,其病毒含量为 1 0 5 .2 2 LD50 /0 .0 3mL ,水分≤ 2 .38% ,安全性、免疫原性、特异性和纯净检验均符合规定     

Acoustic detection of mesoscale biophysical features in the Shelikof sea valley, and their relevance to pollock larvae in the Gulf of Alaska

Mesoscale features such as fronts and eddies can act to retain larval walleye pollock ( Theragra chalcogramma ) within the continental shelf zone in the western Gulf of Alaska. During two May cruises, we observed unusual patterns of backscattering with a 38 kHz acoustic system. Characteristics of this signal were a strong scattering layer at the surface and in midwater, with the water column between nearly void of sound scattering organisms. This signal appeared in several transects where satellite remote sensing indicated the presence of an eddy. Analysis of concomitant water properties and ADCP (153 kHz) data confirmed the existence of an anomalous physical feature at this location. Biological properties (chlorophyll and zooplankton) showed marked changes across the edge of the feature. Larval pollock densities were estimated to be an order of magnitude higher within this feature compared to those outside. Acoustic backscatter signals can be used to identify and characterize mesoscale biophysical features in the ocean, thereby enabling real-time studies of these features.     

Spatial correspondence between areas of concentration of Patagonian scallop (Zygochlamys patagonica) and frontal systems in the southwestern Atlantic

It has been hypothesized that the geographical location of scallop beds in extensive shelf regions mirrors hydrographic structures (e.g. frontal systems) that favor the retention/concentration of pelagic larvae. Large, discontinuous concentrations of the Patagonian scallop (Zygochlamys patagonica) are known to have occurred recurrently (for more than 30 yr) at certain geographical locations over the extensive Patagonian shelf. These stocks, exploited since 1996, currently support one of the most important scallop fisheries in the world. Here, we investigate whether those aggregations are spatially coincidental with major frontal systems. Several pieces of information were used: historical survey data documenting the geographic distribution of the Patagonian scallop beds, catch and effort data from the commercial fleet, oceanographic data on frontal systems, and remote sensing imagery. We found that large-scale aggregations do match the location of three major and very different frontal systems in the southwestern Atlantic: the Shelf-Break Frontal System, the Northern Patagonia Frontal System, and the Southern Patagonia Frontal System. We describe the three frontal systems and their associated scallops fishing grounds and discuss which processes can contribute to sustaining the productivity of the scallop grounds in each case.     

一次黄渤海海上大风过程模拟分析

2009 年2 月13 日黄渤海海域冷锋过境,出现海上大风天气过程。为分析此次大风过程的形成机理以及物理量场的分布特征,利用WRF数值模式对此次大风过程进行数值模拟。研究发现,WRF数值模式对这次冷锋型天气过程的高、中、低空天气系统的演变和强度模拟效果较好,成功揭示了黄渤海沿海地区大气环流形势及控制天气系统演变的主要特征：此次大风过程主要是冷锋过境引起的大风降温过程,冷空气开始入侵,地面气压梯度力增强,风速开始增大,同时明显反映出冷暖气团的斜压性,锋面的斜压性增强地面风速。物理量场的模拟说明,当测站上空由上升运动转为下沉运动时,风速逐渐增大,风速的大小与下沉运动的强度呈正比。温度和相对湿度场的分布反映了锋面过境的系统演变。     

Frontal sinus carcinoma in forty-one dogs (2001–2022)

Reports on canine frontal sinus carcinomas (FSCs) are scarce. This retrospective review of 41 dogs with FSC (2001–2022) describes demographic and clinical characteristics of canine FSC and reports the clinical experience and overall survival following treatment with toceranib phosphate (TOC) and meloxicam in 10 cases. Median age at diagnosis was 10.6 years (range: 6.5–15.4 years). There was a male-to-female-ratio of 2.4:1. The most common breeds were Jack Russell Terriers (JRT) (n = 7; 17.1%) and Rottweilers (n = 3, 7.3%). Mesocephalic breeds (70.6%) were most commonly affected, brachycephalics accounted for 8.8%. The most frequent clinical signs included skull deformation dorsomedial to the eye (87.5%), pain/head-shyness (40.0%), ocular (22.5%)/nasal (17.5%) discharge, and exophthalmos (17.5%). Duration of symptoms prior to diagnosis varied from a few days to 9 months. There were no neurological signs at initial presentation despite imaging evidence of osteolysis of the lamina interna of the frontal bone in most dogs (69.4%). In 11.5%, pulmonary changes suggestive of metastasis or concurrent primary pulmonary neoplasia were present. Tumour types included squamous cell carcinoma (58.5%), unspecified carcinoma (29.3%), and adenocarcinoma (9.8%). Ten dogs were treated with TOC (median 2.8 mg/kg EOD or three times per week) and meloxicam (0.1 mg/kg, EOD) (TOC-M), resulting in subjective regression of skull deformity in 8/10 (80.0%) patients. Overall median survival time with TOC-M was 183.5 days (range: 120–434 days). FSCs typically present with skull deformation, but no overt neurological signs. Male dogs and JRT may be overrepresented. The use of TOC-M in FSC appears promising and warrants further prospective evaluation.     

水泵转速变化对进出水流道水力损失的影响

在比较各种进出水流道水力损失研究方法的基础上,运用计算流体动力学方法数值模拟了4种水泵装置内部流动,研究水泵转速变化对进出水流道水力损失的影响.数值计算结果表明,由于水泵装置中进水流道内部流动受水泵叶轮旋转引起的水流预旋的影响,因而小于无泵单独运行时的水力损失.水泵转速变化后,在相同流量下,进水流道的水力损失基本不变.水泵导叶出口水流条件和剩余环量影响出水流道的水力特性,水力损失随流量变化的关系非常复杂.水泵转速变化后,出水流道内部流动不相似,相同流量下的水力损失不相等.装置模型试验结果验证了数值计算结果的有效性和可靠性.     

Distribution of larval fishes among water masses in Onslow Bay, North Carolina: implications for cross-shelf exchange

The Gulf Stream (GS) is a major oceanographic feature with potential to influence the recruitment of larval fishes to continental shelf habitats in the southeastern United States. To test the hypothesis that the GS is a source of certain larval fishes to Onslow Bay, North Carolina, we (i) classified water masses as shelf, GS, GS front (GSF), or GS/shelf mixture (GS/S); (ii) compared larval fish assemblages and concentrations among these water masses; and (iii) compared length–frequency distributions and length–concentration relationships of indicator and commercially important taxa among water masses. A total of 21,222 larvae were collected with bongo and neuston nets from April 2000 to December 2001. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analyses revealed distinct larval assemblages associated with different water masses. For bongo catches, bothids were abundant in all water masses, gobiids, callionymids, and labrids were abundant in shelf waters, and myctophids and scombrids were abundant in the GS. For neuston catches, carangids dominated in GS/S, GSF, and GS waters, whereas triglids were abundant in shelf water. Larval concentrations in neuston catches were lower in shelf waters and higher in GS and GSF waters. Concentrations of most taxa in bongo catches were low in the GS and higher in shelf waters. We used trends in myctophid (offshore/GS) and gobiid (shelf) length–concentration data as indicators of the sources of commercially important serranids. Length distributions and concentrations of larval indicator taxa suggested local, shelf spawning, and transport of larvae from offshore.     

色谱法制备茶氨酸的研究

本文对茶氨酸在制备色谱分离时其在反相C18色谱分离柱上的热力学及动力学色谱行为进行了研究。采用前沿分析法对其吸附等温线进行表征,对其在不同超载方式和超载程度时的超载点进行定量表达;并研究在超载状态下茶氨酸的各分离参数的变化关系及其对分离操作条件的影响。结果表明,为提高茶氨酸产率,以采用体积超载方式为好,并可采用峰宽对体积超载进行表征,当W增宽15%~20%时,表示色谱柱处于体积超载状态;为提高制备量,可采用较大颗粒的填料。     

Larval lobster (Homarus americanus) distribution and drift in the vicinity of the Gulf of Maine offshore banks and their probable origins

Surveys for lobster larvae in offshore waters of the north‐eastern Gulf of Maine in 1983, 1987 and 1989 confirm that local hatching occurs mainly at depths <100 m over the banks, including Georges and Browns Banks. Detailed studies in the vicinity of Georges Bank in late July of both 1987 and 1989 indicate that the first and second moult stages were located primarily over the bank whereas stages III and IV lobster were collected both over and off the bank. At times stage IV lobster were more abundant off the bank than over it. The condition of stage III and IV lobster, as measured by a lipid index, was better off than over Georges Bank in 1988 and 1989 indicating a possible physiological advantage to being off the bank. In addition, the higher surface temperatures off Georges Bank would shorten larval development time to settlement. To determine the probable hatch sites of stage IV lobster collected off of Browns Bank in 1983 and off of Georges in 1987 and 1989, a 3‐D circulation model of the Gulf of Maine was used to simulate larval lobster drift backwards in time. In all cases, areas off Cape Cod, MA, and off Penobscot Bay, ME were suggested as the source of the larvae, although most of the larval trajectories never reached these near‐shore waters that are well‐known, larval hatching areas. The model‐projected larval release times match most closely the observed inshore hatch off Massachusetts but model uncertainties mean that coastal Maine cannot be ruled out as a source. Georges Bank is also a potential source because the present model does not take into account short‐term wind events, off‐bank eddy transport or the possibility of directed off‐bank larval swimming. Examination of weather records prior to and during our 1988 and 1989 sampling periods indicates that winds were not of sufficient intensity and duration to induce larval transport off Georges Bank. The shedding of eddies from the northern flank of Georges Bank into the Gulf of Maine are a relatively common phenomenon during summer but not enough is known about them to evaluate their contribution to possible cross‐bank transport of lobster larvae. Directed larval swimming is another possible source for the stage IV lobster found near Georges Bank. Plankton distributions across the northern frontal zone of Georges Bank in 1988 were used as proxies for the scarce larval lobsters. The more surface distribution of the microplankton, in particular, supports the possibility that wind and eddy events may be important in the transport of stage III and IV lobsters off of Georges Bank. Further studies are needed to evaluate these possible additional sources of advanced stage lobster larvae found off of the offshore banks.