金银花组织培养与快速繁殖研究

为了研究金银花的离体快繁技术,采用不同培养基配方对金银花的芽尖进行诱导、增殖并生根处理。结果表明：丛生芽诱导以MS＋6-BA2.0mg·L^-1＋NAA0.1mg·L^-1培养基为宜;增殖培养以MS＋6-BA2.0mg·L^-1＋NAA0.2mg·L^-1培养基为宜,可获得理想的效果,增殖倍数可达3.7倍;在1/2MS＋IBA3.0mg·L^-1＋0.15%活性炭培养基上,可形成较发达的根系;试管苗移栽对基质要求不严,移栽到疏松透气的蛭石＋珍珠＋园土（1∶1∶1）混合基质中,成活率高达92%。     

小菜蛾性信息素剂型的研究

研制出了1种小菜蛾性信息素的新剂型。该新的剂型是以食用油为介质,200μL塑料离心管为性信息素的载体。该种剂型小菜蛾性信息素的含量在50μg时诱蛾效果最好。介质不同时,其诱蛾效果也不同,其中以花生油和蜂蜜作为介质时,诱蛾效果最好。性信息素剂型中加入抗氧化剂BHT和PRG能分别提高83.08%和50.25%的诱蛾量。在田间持续1个多月的诱蛾试验结果表明,新的剂型PLG小菜蛾诱捕率比目前常用的硅橡胶剂型提高了17.41%。研究结果表明适宜的食用油对小菜蛾性信息素具有相当强的缓释作用。     

平菇高产栽培麦草配方数学模型与优化

采用回归正交设计,研究麦草栽培平菇的配方组合与平菇产量之间的数量关系,建立了数学模型。结果表明,以麦草为主料,各组分的合适用量,以及它们之间的一定组合关系,可使产量大幅度提高,并具有较好的稳定性。同时提出了麦草栽培平菇的最优配方方案为:麸皮:玉米面:尿素:麦草:硫酸镁:过磷酸钙=15:5～7.27:0～0.3:75～85:0.0183:1.这在生产实践中很有应用价值。     

沙棘果酱加工工艺研究

经本课题组研究,生产沙棘果酱的最佳配料是胡萝卜。最佳配方是沙棘果汁25％,蔗糖55％,胡萝卜20％。制作中应控制pH值为3.0～3.29。经45min加热浓缩所生产的沙棘果酱,常温贮藏能保持较高质量。     

Comparison of Diclofenac Diethylamine Permeation Across Horse Skin from Five Commercial Medical Human Formulations

The aim of this study was to compare the penetration of diclofenac through horse skin in vitro and its efficacy in vivo when applied from five, commercially available, human medical formulations containing 1.16% diclofenac diethylamine. The rate of transdermal penetration of diclofenac varied between formulations. Also, estimated steady-state flux (Jss) was significantly different from that reported for human and rat skin. All the tested formulations produced a very weak and short-lasting antiedematous effect.     

A comparison of three different methodologies for evaluating Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus susceptibility to topical spray compounds

This study aimed to compare three different methodologies (Adult Immersion Tests, field trials with naturally infected animals, and a Stall Test using artificially infested cattle) to evaluate the efficacy of two topical formulations that we administered as whole body sprays (15% Cypermethrin + 30% Chlorpyriphos + 15% Fenthion–Colosso^® FC 30, Ouro Fino Agronegócios; and 60% Dichlorvos + 20% Chlorpyriphos–Ectofós^®, Vallée Saúde Animal Ltd.), against a susceptible strain of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. To achieve this objective, two natural infestation trials were conducted, as well as two artificial infestation trials (Stall Tests) and two Adult Immersion Tests (AIT). The AIT results showed that both spray formulations achieved 100% efficacy against R. (B.) microplus fully engorged females. However, when observing results obtained by field trials (natural infestations) and Stall Tests, none of these topically applied compounds reached 100% efficacy or affected the reproductive capacity of the fully engorged female ticks. Additional studies must be conducted to compare these in vivo methodologies with different in vitro techniques, such as the Larval Packet Test. However, based on results obtained here, we can conclude that depending on the spray formulations used, the AIT can overestimate acaricidal efficacy and values of reproductive efficiency of such compounds against R (B.) microplus. Specifically, when dealing with spray formulations in the Stall Tests, the period of residual action can increase because these animals are sheltered from contact with environmental factors that might interfere with the efficacy of the products tested. It may be necessary to take in vivo trial results into consideration (such as field trials with naturally infested animals or Stall Tests) to standardize a specific in vitro assay, such as the Adult Immersion Test.     

Current studies on Atherigona indica - a pest of wheat

Abstract

THE PESTICIDE MANUAL. A WORLD COMPENDIUM. Edited by C. R. Worthing. British Crop Protection Council, Croydon, 1979. ISBN 0 901436 44 5. Pp. 655. Price £20.00.

WHO'S WHO IN WORLD AGRICULTURE. 2 volumes. Editorial staff, Francis Hodgson. Longmans, London and Harlow, 1979. ISBN 0 582 90106 5. Pp. 831. Price £75.00.

CARIBBEAN AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE. Book 1. Principles. Book 2. Practices. A. I. Henry. MacMillan Caribbean Ltd, Basingstoke, 1979. ISBN 0 333 233891. Pp. 202 (book 1), 216 (book 2). Price £2.25 (book 1), £2.30 (book 2).

ECONOMIC THRESHOLDS AND SAMPLING OF HELIOTHIS SPECIES ON COTTON, CORN, SOYBEANS AND OTHER HOST PLANTS. Compiled by Economic Thresholds and Sampling Subcommittee (Chairman W. L. Sterling). Southern Co-operative Series Bulletin No. 231, Texas A and M University, College Station, Texas, 1979. Pp. 159.

FUNGICIDES IN PLANT DISEASE CONTROL. Second edition. Y. L. Nene and P. N. Thapliyal. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi, 1979. Pp. 508. Price Indian Rs. 15.75

INTRODUCTION TO WEED SCIENCE. Beatriz L. Mercado. Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture, Laguna, Philippines, 1979. Pp. 292. Price, not known

GRASS WEEDS IN WORLD AGRICULTURE — IDENTIFICATION IN THE FLOWERLESS STATE. S. Behrendt and M. Hanf, BASF, Ludwigshafen, 1979. Pp. 160. Price £5.20.

SMALL SCALE IRRIGATION. P. Stem. International Irrigation Information Center, Intermediate Technology Publications Ltd., London 1979. ISBN 0 903031 64 7. Pp. 152. Price £3.95.

SEEING &; PERCEIVING: FILMS IN A WORLD OF CHANGE. Neil Taylor and Robin Richardson. Concord Films Council, 201 Felixstowe Road, Ipswich, Suffolk IP3 9BJ, England. 1979. ISBN 0 950600 0 0. Pp. 36. Price 60p.     

白僵菌制剂不同剂型防治玉米螟的研究

1989年在辽宁省昌图县进行白僵菌制剂不同剂型防治亚洲玉米螟试验。大区试验结果表明:在亩施菌量相等条件下,用可湿性粉剂喷雾,粉剂喷粉和手撒颗粒剂防治效果差异不显著。用2.5×10~4亿孢子/亩剂量,在玉米心叶期防治一次,玉米螟幼虫可减少90.5～91.6％。用同上剂量和剂型,在两个乡镇1.2万亩玉米上大面积防治示范,三种施药方法玉米螟话虫数分别减少86.9％、80.7％和78.5％。其中可湿性粉剂喷雾防治效果和防治工效均较高,防治费用较低,无粉尘污染,菌剂便于运输及贮存,且适合于超低量喷雾,有推广和发展前景。     

Effect of legume flours on baking characteristics of gluten-free bread

The objective of this work was to study the characteristics of four gluten-free bread formulations and the possibility of substituting soya protein with other legume proteins. Four bread recipes were prepared with chickpea flour, pea isolate, carob germ flour or soya flour. Carob germ flour batter structure was thicker compared with the other batters, probably due to the different protein behaviour and the residual gums present in carob germ flour. However, carob germ flour bread obtained the lowest specific volume values (2.51 cm³/g), while chickpea bread obtained the highest (3.26 cm³/g). Chickpea bread also showed the softest crumb. Confocal scanning-laser microscopy results showed a more compact microstructure in carob germ flour bread compared with soya and chickpea formulations. Chickpea bread exhibited the best physico-chemical characteristics and, in general, good sensory behaviour, indicating that it could be a promising alternative to soya protein.     

Brief exposure of Blattella germanica (Blattodea) to insecticides formulated in various microcapsule sizes and applied on porous and non-porous surfaces

BACKGROUND: The authors explored how microcapsule size and brief exposure affected the bioavailability of five microencapsulated insecticide formulations, chlorpyrifos 23.1 g L(-1) CS (Detmol-PRO), chlorpyrifos 20 g L(-1) CS (Empire 20), fenitrothion 20 g L(-1) CS (Detmol-Mic), cyphenothrin 10 g L(-1) CS (Detmol-CAP) and diazinon 30 g L(-1) CS (Diacap), to Blattella germanica L. on porous and non-porous surfaces. The hypothesis was tested that microencapsulated (CS) insecticides comprising larger microcapsules show higher efficacy on porous surfaces than formulations with smaller microcapsules. RESULTS: Brief exposure was accomplished by allowing B. germanica to cross a 0.3 m insecticide barrier in 30 s (1.01 cm s(-1)). Such short exposure did not lead to 100% mortality in any formulation or surface tested. Significant differences in bioavailability on the porous and the non-porous surfaces were found: the largest difference was observed in Empire 20 and Detmol CAP, while bioavailability of Detmol MIC did not differ on porous and non-porous surfaces. Comparison of their microcapsule size spectra revealed that formulations containing larger microcapsules had higher efficacy on porous surfaces than formulations with smaller microcapsules. In order to explain the difference in efficacy, the variance of microcapsule sizes was regressed on the efficacy ratio on porous versus non-porous surfaces. Although negative correlation was evident between size of capsules and the efficacy ratio on porous and non-porous surfaces, the difference in the slope parameter was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Brief contact of B. germanica with insecticide spray residues, which is common in barrier treatment, may lead to low efficacy, especially on porous surfaces. The latter should be preferably treated with CS insecticides containing a fraction with large capsules. In addition to the size of the microcapsules, the role of other factors, such as wall capsule thickness and chemical composition, on CS insecticide activity on various surfaces should be examined in future work.