应用隶属函数法综合评价葡萄种间抗寒性

在冷冻胁迫条件下,测定了葡萄属12个种45个株系枝条的膜透性变化、含水量动态变化及萌芽能力3项指标,并以种内不同株系间3项指标的平均值综合评价了12个种的抗寒性。结果表明,我国葡萄属野生种(东亚种群)山葡萄、燕山葡萄以及美洲种群中的河岸葡萄为高抗类型;蘡薁葡萄、复叶葡萄、毛葡萄为中抗类型;秋葡萄、刺葡萄、瘤枝葡萄为低抗类型;秦岭葡萄、麦黄葡萄和欧洲葡萄为不抗类型。抗寒性指标间相关性分析表明,利用平均隶属度评价葡萄抗寒性最为科学,为鉴定葡萄新种质提供了依据。     

Does soil nitrogen affect early competitive traits of annual weeds in comparison with maize?

Soil nitrogen (N) is considered an important driver of crop‐weed interactions, yet the mechanisms involved have been only partially explored, especially with respect to early‐season growth, when competitive hierarchies are formed. This study characterises the effects of different N levels on biomass accumulation and plant morphology for maize (Zea mays), and four important weed species (Amaranthus retroflexus, Abutilon theophrasti, Setaria faberi, and Chenopodium album). Under glasshouse conditions, plants were grown in separate pots and irrigated with nutrient solution at four N concentrations (0.2, 0.5, 2, 5 μm L⁻¹) until 57 days after emergence. Except for S. faberi, which was unresponsive to N, the relative biomass growth rates (RGR) of maize and the broad‐leaved weeds were positively and similarly affected by increasing nitrogen. At all N levels, maize had a height advantage by virtue of its larger seed size, which conferred early growth benefits independent of RGR. At low N, biomass growth was instrumental to S. faberi’s improved competitive position, whereas height development per unit biomass improved the competitive position of A. theophrasti, C. album and A. retroflexus. The approach presented could be applied to other crop‐weed systems to evaluate environmental impacts on competitive outcomes.     

我国外来林业有害生物发生现状及趋势分析

本文分析了我国外来林业有害生物的种类、发生危害状况、传播扩散特点以及对林业生产和生态的影响，并对未来的发生趋势进行了预测。     

试论昆虫资源学的理论基础

昆虫资源学是一门既古老又新兴的学科。本文从生物多样性的观点出发,论证了占整个动物界五分之四的昆虫物种多样性,以及昆虫物种多样性的物质表现－丰富的昆虫资源。以生物多样性理论作为昆虫资源学的理论基础,为这一学科注入丰富的内涵和广博的外延。     

河西人口与绿洲资源、环境、经济发展研究

本文在考察了河西绿洲人口与绿洲发展历史演变的基础上,重点分析了当前河西绿洲人口的数量与质量压力及其掠夺式开发利用资源所伴随的土地承载力负荷过大,人口与水土资源矛盾突出、人口与绿洲环境、人口与社会经济发展之间的负反馈等危及河西绿洲可持续发展的重大问题,并提出了处理好当前河西人口与绿洲资源开发利用、环境保护、社会经济协调发展的几项具体措施。     

新疆塔里木河变迁与水资源

本文论述了自然和人类活动所造成的塔里木河干流水资源的变化及其对生态环境的影响,针对生态环境日益恶化的现状,提出了防治、对策。     

我国不同熟性马铃薯高淀粉优质资源的筛选

将目前我国保存的６７３份马铃薯品种（系）按熟期分为早熟（生育日数１０５天以内）和晚熟（生育日数大于１０５天）两组,分别对其淀粉含量进行统计分析,初步弄清了我国及国外马铃薯品种（系）淀粉含量水平和不同来源品种（系）淀粉含量的差异,并筛选出１８％以上高淀粉优质资源５０份,其中早熟的５份,晚熟的４５份     

Assessing Well-Being in Forest Dependent Communities

Summary

This paper presents a new approach to the conceptualization and assessment of well-being in forest-dependent communities. Studies of well-being in agrarian communities, boomtowns (communities undergoing rapid growth), and forest-dependent communities are examined to highlight common themes in natural resource-dependent community studies. Social indicators are discussed and a summary of weaknesses presented. The county, a commonly used unit of analysis, is rejected in favor of a more socially relevant unit. This new approach to well-being in forest communities begins with definitions of the terms community and forest dependence. The work of Amartya Sen, whose conceptualization of well-being focuses on the real opportunities people have and their achievements in light of their opportunities, forms the foundation of the new approach proposed here. Sen's conceptualization is broadened by focusing on the community and acknowledging the importance of a sense of place. Methodologically, this new approach adds to the evaluation of social indicators an assessment of community capacity that consists of three components: physical, human, and social capital. It also involves evaluating how residents draw on and develop these aspects of their community to meet local needs and create opportunities. This results in a well-being assessment that includes static as well as dynamic measures of how communities respond to and create opportunities to improve local well-being.     

科技信息在我国食用油产业发展中的作用

讨论了我国食用油产业的发展现状,分析了国际4大粮商渗入我国食用油产业的轨迹,阐述了科技信息在我国食用油产业发展中的作用.     

基层政府信息化建设现状与对策研究——以河北省阳原县为例

为了解决基层政府信息化落后的问题,以河北省阳原县为例,考察县级以下政府信息化建设现状,调查问题、分析原因,提出解决对策.