盐渍化农田土壤斥水性与理化性质的空间变异性

通过对新疆玛纳斯县盐渍化土壤三个不同尺度（间距分别为50m、5m及0.5m)的284个样点取样分析测定,采用经典统计学、空间自相关、地质统计学和分形理论对土壤斥水性与理化性质进行空间格局分析。结果表明：1）土壤斥水性和pH符合正态分布,其余土壤属性符合对数正态分布。三尺度下土壤各属性绝大多数表现为中等变异水平。2）三尺度下土壤各属性的Moran’s I系数变化具有相似性,在-0.8～0.6范围内波动。3）三尺度下土壤各属性的半方差函数理论模型大多数能用球状模型来拟合。4）在一定范围内,土壤各属性具有一定的分形特征,分形维数变化幅度为1.75～1.96。分析表明不同尺度下土壤斥水性与理化性质具有一定的差异。     

大规模生态退耕对陕北丘陵沟壑区农村社会经济的影响——以县南沟和燕沟小流域为例

 为探讨大规模退耕对当地农村社会经济的影响,以快速农村评估法为理论基础,对县南沟和燕沟2条小流域1999年开展退耕还林还草工程以来,流域社会经济变化情况进行分析。结果表明,退耕虽造成当地粮食减产和粮食收入减少,但也促进了农业产业结构的调整和家庭收入的多元化。针对退耕负面效应,提出了解决思路。     

Extraction,Purification and Activity Analysis of Lipopolysaccharides from Escherichia coli Isolated from Swine

In order to obtain higher purity and high yield of LPS isolated from Escherichia coli, and evaluate its virulence,excrement of diarrhea piglet was collected as pathological samples, of which, some strains of Escherichia coli were isolated and identified. And furthermore, a strain of Escherichia coli was acquired by 16S rDNA identification. The LPS from this strain of Escherichia coli was isolated with the hot-phenol water method and purified by DNaseⅠ, RNaseA, proteinase K treatment and alcohol precipitation. The polysaccharide, protein and nucleic acid content of purified LPS were detected by phenol-sulfuric acid method, Bradford method and UV points spectrophotometric method. And its bioactivity and acute median lethal dose was determinated by tachypleus amebocyte lysate (TAL) method and acute toxicity experiment method, respectively. The results showed that a strain of highly pathogenic Escherichia coli was successfully isolated. The average yield of purified LPS was 3.74%, the proportion of the polysaccharide was 13.40%, the protein was 0.48%, and the nucleic acid was 0.06%. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and silver stain showed that the bands were mainly concentrated in the range of 14 to 160 ku. The LAL bioactivity of the prepared LPS was 1.21×10⁷ EU/mg, LD₅₀ of the mouse abdominal cavity was 31.86 mg/kg. The results revealed that the diarrhea piglets in the farm was caused by pathogenic Escherichia coli,purified LPS from this strain of Escherichia coli had the advantages of higher purity, high yield and strong virulence, which would provide theoretical data for clinical prevention and treatment of diarrhea piglets.     

世界双遗产地景区系统空间结构的分形特征研究

利用分形理论中的计盒维数、信息维数和关联维数,采取变换取样空间的方式研究了武夷山双遗产地景区系统分形特征的多尺度效应.结果表明:在A取样尺度上,武夷山双遗产地景区系统A的空闻结构计盒维数达到了1.474,信息维数为1.415,关联维数为1.048,3种维数的相关系数R值分别为0.994、0.999、0.969;在B取样尺度上,系统空间B1～B4的计盒维数范围为0.825～1.200,R值均达0.961以上,信息维数范围为0.919～1.302,R值均达0.964以上,关联维数范围为0.822～1.364,R值均达0.941以上;在C取样尺度上,系统空间C1～C16(去除空集及景点个数为1系统空间,下同)计盒维数范围为0.175～0.931,R值在0.775以上,信息维数范围为0.200～1.039,R值在0.771以上,关联维数范围为0.506～1.929,R值在0.704以上.说明武夷山世界双遗产地景区系统的空闻结构具有明显的分形特征,其分形维数对取样空间尺度有较强的敏感性.     

红壤丘陵不同人工林型对土壤理化性状的影响

在中国科学院红壤生态试验站的优化农业生态模式的长期定位试验地,以恢复14年的常绿针叶林地(马尾松林)、落叶阔叶林地(小叶栎)、针阔混交林地(湿地松-小叶栎)和自然恢复地(受到人为干扰)为样地,并且在附近选择疏草荒地作为对照,研究不同人工林型对土壤理化性状的影响。结果表明,不同人工林型对土壤的理化性状有不同程度的影响,阔叶林和针阔混交林在改善物理性状,增加有机质和养分含量等方面优于针叶林和自然恢复地,均优于疏草荒地。在剖面分布上,也有明显的层次差异,即随土层的增加理化性状有下降的趋势。     

鲎C因子的研究进展

鲎C因子是鲎血细胞中一种对内毒素敏感的丝氨酸蛋白酶原,主要有6种结构域,能特异结合内毒素而被激活.对鲎C因子的结构与功能、基因工程研究及其应用前景进行了综述.     

Research progress on isolation and cloning of functional genes in tea plants

Tea, which has many sanitarian functions, is one of the most popular non-alcoholic soft and healthy beverages in the world. In many countries, as well as in China, tea (Camellia sinensis) is an important cash crop. It has great value as a source of secondary metabolic products. Molecular biology of tea plants has been one of the most active and kinetic research fields of tea science for the last decade. Isolation and cloning of important functional genes of tea plants have a critical significance on elucidating the molecular mechanism of high quality, yield and resistance, as well as genetic manipulating via biotechnological approaches for tea plants. In this paper, we introduced the research progress on the isolation and cloning of functional genes in tea plants. In addition, the brief prospect on the research of functional genes of tea plants in the near future is also give out. __________ Translated from Molecular Plant Breeding, 2006, 4(3S): 16–22 [译自: 分子植物育种]     

饲粮添加中药渣和发酵中药渣对母猪繁殖性能与子代发育的影响

本试验旨在通过研究微生物发酵中药渣对围产期母猪繁殖性能和子代发育的影响,为中药渣的二次开发利用提供依据。试验选用2~4胎次、预产期相近的妊娠85 d的健康二元母猪60头,随机分为3组,每组20头。3组分别在基础饲粮中添加2 kg/t米糠(对照组)、2 kg/t中药渣制剂(由黄芪、当归、熟地黄和白芍等组成,中药渣组)和2 kg/t发酵中药渣制剂(发酵中药渣组)。从产前21 d开始饲喂,到产后21 d结束。分别于妊娠110 d、产后21 d时测量母猪背膘厚,记录母猪的产仔数、产活仔数、死胎数、木乃伊数和母猪产后发情间隔;记录仔猪初生窝重,7、14和21日龄窝增重,并计算平均日增重;每天观察仔猪腹泻情况,并计算腹泻率。结果表明:与对照组相比,发酵中药渣组仔猪断奶窝增重显著增加(P0.05),中药渣组和发酵中药渣组仔猪1~14日龄、1~21日龄腹泻率显著增加(P0.05);与中药渣组相比,发酵中药渣组仔猪7日龄窝增重显著增加(P0.05),平均日增重呈升高趋势(P=0.053)。由此可见,围产期母猪饲粮添加中药渣制剂虽然造成哺乳仔猪一定程度的腹泻,但可促进其生长发育,添加发酵中药渣制剂效果更好。     

多效唑对夹竹桃整形促花的技术研究

［目的］探讨多效唑对夹竹桃整形促花的效果。［方法］以10年生夹竹桃为材料,设置3个生长时期、多效唑叶面喷施（叶施）和土壤浇施（土施）2种施用方式、各5种浓度共计12种处理,研究多效唑对夹竹桃枝条生长量、单枝花序数、单枝花量、始花期和终花期的影响。［结果］新梢萌动时叶施1 500 mg/L、土施1.5和3.0 g、新梢长10-15 cm时叶施1 500 mg/L和冬剪时土施1.5和3.0 g多效唑的6种处理方式,对夹竹桃的整形效果较好。处理后于开花期的观察表明,新梢萌动时叶施1 500 mg/L、土施1.5 g和新梢长10-15 cm时叶施1 500 mg/L PP333的3种处理均对夹竹桃达到了整形促花的良好效果。［结论］在生产中对长势旺的夹竹桃可适当加大多效唑施用量,而对弱树和小树应加强水肥管理,采取减量或不施多效唑为宜。     

基于生态环境材料的林业院校材料科学与工程专业人才培养

从林业院校中材料科学与工程专业的优势、人才培养目标与专业特色、教学体系与课程设置、就业等方面,阐述了如何优化林业院校材料科学与工程专业的人才培养模式,提高林业院校材料科学与工程专业学生的能力,以满足社会对不同特色人才的需求。