浙江杭州地区红褐斑腿蝗的食性选择及其取食生态位

本文利用蝗虫嗉囊成分显微分析技术研究了浙江杭州地区红褐斑腿蝗［Catantops pinguis (Stl)］成虫的取食特性。结果表明,杭州地区的红褐斑腿蝗成虫可取食21种植物,但取食相对集中在三裂叶野葛等少数几种植物,故其取食生态位宽度并不宽（5.41）,其中雌体4.33,雄体6.38。两性间可取食植物种类大致相似,取食生态位重叠度高达0.965,而且食性在不同月份变化也不大。这说明由于蝗虫所处环境食物资源丰富,它们具有根据自身发育状况进行自主选择的能力,以达到最优食谱,从而导致食物生态位变窄,但仍保持着利用更广泛食物资源的潜力。     

陕西省耕地数量变化对粮食总产的影响

对1978年以来陕西省粮食总产量、耕地面积的变化以及相关影响因素进行统计分析,结果表明,陕西省耕地资源数量呈持续减少趋势,其主要原因是生态退耕和农业产业结构调整,其次为建设用地、灾毁等;粮食总产量呈波动上升趋势 ,粮食总量年变化率与粮食播种面积年变化率、耕地面积减少量和因其导致的粮食减产量变化趋势高度一致,说明耕地面积的减少直接导致粮食产量的减少,耕地资源数量是影响陕西省粮食产量的重要因素.因此,保持一定数量的耕地面积的动态平衡是保障粮食安全的先决条件.     

苏北农村居民食品消费行为实证分析

了解和认清我国农村居民食品消费行为的现状,能够为农村地区食品供求政策的制定提供详实的依据。为了使苏北农村居民食品消费行为更加合理,对苏北农村居民进行实地调研,分析其食品消费行为的现状及特点,并给出了有针对性的建议。     

A review of causal factors and control measures for bloat in farmed salmonids with a suggested mechanism for the development of the condition

A mechanism for the development of bloat in salmonids is proposed and explained in terms of the physiology of digestion and osmoregulation in fish. Understanding the causal factors for bloat enables control measures to be identified. In farmed salmonids, the chyme produced during the digestion of nutrient-rich pelleted foods that rapidly disintegrate in the stomach will be a potent activator of a negative feedback mechanism (enterogastric control), which slows stomach emptying to protect the small intestine from nutrient overload. In saline environments salmonids continuously drink sea water to replace fluid lost across the gills. Fluid loss is increased during periods of stress caused by factors such as low oxygen levels, elevated temperature or high salinity. When ingestion of nutrient-rich food results in prolonged activation of enterogastric control, slowed stomach emptying leads to decreased absorption of water, thirst and increased drinking. This further exacerbates stomach distention. The proposed mechanism for the development of bloat is supported by on-farm experience where measures to control bloat include reducing food intake, altering the composition of the diet and using appropriate strategies to reduce stress.     

Management strategies of marine food resources under multiple stressors with particular reference of the Yellow Sea large marine ecosystem

In this study two main management strategies are discussed: one is to develop resource conservation-based capture fisheries, and the other is to develop environmentally friendly aquaculture. During the resource recovery period, the development of environmentally friendly aquaculture should be encouraged, especially in integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, which is adaptive, efficient and sustainable. For future development and better understanding the ecosystem, it is necessary to further strengthen basic research.     

Nitrogen mineralization from ‘AU Golden' sunn hemp residue

The tropical legume sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) cultivar ‘AU Golden’ has the potential to provide substantial nitrogen (N) to subsequent crops to reduce recommended application rates of synthetic N fertilizers. A mineralization field trial was conducted to measure mass decomposition and N and carbon (C) amounts remaining from sunn hemp residue following three planting dates (May, June, and July) during the 2013 growing season at the Tennessee Valley (TVS) and Coastal Plain (WGS) locations of AL. Residue from June and July plantings contained 50.0% and 61.1% N at WGS and 41.5% and 66.5% N at TVS by the end of their respective incubation periods compared to residue from the May planting, which contained 21.1% N at WGS and 47.8% at TVS. In order to create a more synchronous relationship between ‘AU Golden’ residue N mineralization and crop demand, termination must be delayed until approximate planting of the following crop.     

食品化学教学方法改革与实践

介绍了在食品化学教学改革中采用的4种方法即研讨式教学法、自助式教学法、案例教学法和试错教学法,并提出食品化学教学改革的方向。     

淮河生态经济带安徽段粮食生产时空演化及其驱动力分析

淮河流域是我国三大商品粮生产基地之一,优化其粮食生产格局对于保障中国粮食安全具有重要意义。基于比较优势理论测度淮河生态经济带安徽段50个区县2006—2020年的粮食生产优势,并采用ESDA模型、地理探测器模型分析其时空分异及其影响因素。研究表明:水稻的优势区域多数为规模主导型,小麦、玉米的生产区域普遍具有综合比较优势且分布逐渐向淮河以北地区聚集,种植面积的减少使豆类部分优势区域变为劣势区域;主要粮食作物的生产比较优势具有较强的空间自相关性,其中水稻、小麦比较优势指数的空间聚集情况较为稳定,玉米的高值聚集区分布由"双核心"变为"带状",而豆类恰好相反,两种作物呈"竞争"态势。此外,早期区域粮食生产优势与灌溉水平高度相关;年降水量与水资源总量解释力逐年增强且成为决定性因素,表明粮食生产布局与自然资源条件的匹配程度有所提高;农民可支配收入解释力处于低位状态且逐年减弱,反映粮食生产的优势区域农户收入反而较低,粮食生产与农民可支配收入"脱钩"程度加剧。