量子点荧光探针在食品安全检测中的应用

量子点荧光探针是近几年发展起来的一种新型荧光标记物,量子点在生命科学的应用已成为人们研究的热点。但将量子点荧光探针用于食品安全检测的研究还处于起步阶段。简要综述量子点的光学特性、制备方法及其在食品安全检测方面的研究进展和应用前景。     

超声技术在食品杀菌及废水处理中应用的研究进展

介绍了超声的定义和超声杀菌的机理。综述了近些年来超声在食品杀菌及废水处理领域的研究进展,重点阐述超声与其他技术结合使用的杀菌效果,并提出了超声在这些领域中的研究发展方向。     

HACCP管理体系在菠萝澄清饮料加工中的应用

通过HACCP管理体系,探讨了危害分析及关键控制点在菠萝澄清饮料加工中的应用,通过分析产品加工过程中各个环节及其潜在的危害,确定原料验收、超高温瞬时杀菌、热灌装封口、喷淋杀菌为关键控制点,并建立相应的关键控制临界值,进行控制、纠偏、记录及档案管理、验证审核等,保证产品质量的安全性。     

我国粮食及食品加工机械制造业的发展现状与策略

粮食及食品加工机械制造业的发展,体现了一个国家的科技水平与生活水平。我国是一个拥有14亿人口、年生产并消费粮食近5亿吨的农业大国,但粮食及食品加工技术相对滞后。近几年,通过对粮食和食品加工企业的改制,以及大力引进国外先进加工技术和管理经验后,生产工艺水平及加工机械制造水平得到提升。我国粮食及食品加工机械制造业要走向世界,还须继续学习国际跨国公司先进的经营管理经验,提高自主创新和开发能力,提高品牌意识和市场竞争能力。     

饵料种类、温度和规格对硬壳蛤的同化率的影响

试验结果表明,温度和规格对硬壳蛤同化率的影响不显著(P>0.05);饵料种类对硬壳蛤同化率影响显著(P<0.05).其中小球藻和湛江等鞭金藻的同化率显著高于小新月菱形藻(P<0.05),而小新月菱形藻又显著高于扁藻(P<0.05).     

Sorghum extrusion process combined with biofortified sweet potato contributed for high iron bioavailability in Wistar rats

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sorghum and sweet potato on the bioavailability of iron, gene expression of proteins involved in iron metabolism and the plasma antioxidant capacity in animals fed with whole sorghum grains processed by dry heat or extrusion, combined or not with sweet potato flour with high content of carotenoids. Five experimental groups were tested (n = 7): dry heat sorghum flour (DS); extruded sorghum flour (ES); whole sorghum flour + sweet potato flour (DS + SP); extruded sorghum flour + sweet potato flour (ES + SP) and positive control (FS). The evaluations included: hemoglobin gain, hemoglobin regeneration efficiency, gene expression of divalente metal transporter 1 (DMT-1), duodenal citochroma B (DcytB), ferroportin, hephaestin, transferrin and ferritin and total plasma antioxidant capacity (TAC). The ES + SP group showed higher (p < 0.05) expression of DcytB, ferroportin and hephaestin when compared to the control group. The DS group showed high (p < 0.05) expression of DMT-1 and the ES showed high mRNA expression of transferrin and ferritin. The changes in the sorghum physicochemical properties from extrusion process reduced the iron and phytate content, and increased the gene expression of proteins involved in iron metabolism, improving iron bioavailability. The combination of sweet potato and sorghum flour (dry or extruded) improved the iron capture and total antioxidant capacity, probably due to the presence of β-carotene and antioxidant compounds.     

基于生物催化法的食品熏蒸剂环氧乙烷制备

为了探索一种反应条件温和、方法简单的食品熏蒸剂环氧乙烷制备方法,采用甲基弯菌IMV 3011(Methylosinus trichosporium IMV 3011)细胞作为生物催化剂,催化乙烯的环氧化反应生成环氧乙烷,确定了反应条件。结果表明:反应器中气相的组成为氧气50%、乙烯20%、氮气30%(体积分数),30℃、150 r/min振荡反应8 h,采用固定化形式催化剂,环氧乙烷生成量为34μmol/mg,利用甲烷培养对其循环再生,再生8次催化剂中甲烷单加氧酶(MMO)活力仍保留89%,环氧乙烷物质的量为3.4 nmol。     

食物安全的内涵、指标与评价方法综述

食物安全问题一直是国内外研究的热点。目前,全球食物安全面临严重挑战,前景并不乐观。作为世界上人口和食物消费最大的国家,中国的食物安全面临更大挑战,但对其认识学术界还存在争论。为了准确把握食物安全的内涵,科学评价中国食物安全的状况,首先分析了食物安全概念的演变,然后总结了评价食物安全状况的供需平衡指标、消费指标、营养指标、综合指标,以及评价粮食安全状况的常用指标。随着人民生活水平的提高,中国的食物结构发生了根本的改变,因此,今后食物安全的研究应由单纯的粮食安全转向包括所有食物种类的食物安全,内容应更注重食物综合保障能力及营养安全。     

5种动物源食品中的氟虫腈及其3个代谢物残留量检测

利用QuEChERS技术结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱的方法检测5种动物源食品(鸡肉、鸡蛋、猪肝、牛奶、猪肉)中氟虫腈及其3个代谢物残留量。样品用乙腈提取,经低温处理,多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)、弗罗里硅土(Florisil)和C18分散固相萃取(d-SPE)净化,外标法定量。在不同浓度的加标水平下,氟虫腈及其代谢物在5种动物源食品中的平均回收率为72.1%～113.8%,相对标准偏差RSD为1.9%～17.6%,检出限LOD在0.73～1.94μg/kg范围内,定量限LOQ在5～10μg/kg范围内。该方法具有简单、灵敏、准确等优点,适用于动物源食品中氟虫腈及其代谢物的快速筛查和定量检测。     

Tomato brown rugose fruit disease: current distribution,knowledge and future prospects

Tomato is the most economically important fruit/vegetable crop grown worldwide. However, viral diseases remain an important factor limiting its productivity, with estimated quantitative and qualitative yield losses in tomato crops often reaching up to 100%. Many viruses infecting tomato have been reported, while new viral diseases have also emerged. The climatic changes the world is experiencing can be a contributing factor to the successful spread of newly emerging viruses, as well as the establishment of disease in areas that were previously either unfavourable or where the disease was absent. Because antiviral products are not available, strategies to mitigate viral diseases rely on genetic resistance/tolerance to infection, control of vectors, improvement in crop hygiene, roguing of infected plants and seed certification. Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) is an emerging viral threat to tomato productivity and is currently spreading into new areas, which is of great concern to the growing global production in the absence of mitigation measures. This review presents the current knowledge about ToBRFV and future prospects for an improved understanding of the virus, which will be needed to support effective control and mitigation of the impact it is likely to cause.