农用有机硅助剂对全雌性旱黄瓜诱雄效果影响的研究

以全雌性旱黄瓜品种为试验材料,研究不同化学药剂（赤霉素、硝酸银、硫代硫酸银）及其不同使用浓度,结合有机硅助剂,分别两次处理4叶期、6叶期雌性系黄瓜幼苗,以每种诱雄药剂不加有机硅助剂为对照,观察各处理植株前15节的诱雄效果。结果表明,三种药剂均能够在一定程度上起到诱导雄花的效果,但是相同浓度下加入有机硅处理的各组叶片伤害程度较轻,采种量也较大,效果最好的组合是300mg／L硝酸银加有机硅助剂的一组。     

湖南省麦迪卡药石农业应用效果综述

湖南省麦迪卡药石(MEDCAL STONE)资源丰富,质量优良,具有富硅、富钾、富微量元素和离子轻稀土的特点,具有很强的吸附性能,可溶出多种有益矿物质,增加水中氧的含量,调节水的pH值,生物活性强,对防治疾病具有重要作用。经过近20 a的研究,农业上应用在作物施肥、药膳食疗等方面,均有极好的社会、经济效益。同时,产地水土、森林、人文资源特好,生态景观优美,不但是天然的无公害农业基地,也是发展休闲农业、旅游农业的"风水宝地"。     

不同处理对“绿岭”核桃无融合生殖坐果的影响

为探讨不同处理措施对核桃无融合生殖的影响,以"绿岭"核桃为材料,采用聚乙烯醇封柱头后用不同药剂涂抹子房的方法,研究了2,4-D、赤霉素、硼砂及综合处理后"绿岭"核桃的无融合生殖坐果率。结果表明:0.2%的硼砂、30 mg/L的赤霉素、0.3%硼砂+0.3%磷酸二氢钾处理的"绿岭"核桃无融合生殖坐果率分别为88.37%、86.57%、86.27%,均极显著高于对照,分别比对照提高了23.54%、21.74%、21.44%;15 mg/L 2,4-D处理的"绿岭"核桃无融合生殖坐果率为82.50%,显著高于对照,比对照高了17.67%。     

重庆市人口 耕地 粮食可持续发展问题研究

通过对1997~2007年重庆市人口数量、耕地面积和粮食产量的动态分析,以及采用spss预测方法对未来的2010年、2020年重庆市人口数量、耕地面积和粮食产量的发展趋势进行预测,结果显示,过去的10年,重庆市的人口持续增长、耕地面积逐年减少,人均粮食产量有所降低。未来的10年,该市的耕地面积还将进一步减少,人口会有所增加,人均粮食产量将有所减少。因此,应提高人口素质,遏止耕地减少势头,提高耕地质量,增加粮食单产。     

麒麟菜即食风味食品杀菌技术研究

通过对麒麟菜多种杀菌工艺进行探讨,比较不同杀菌条件对麒麟莱风味食品外观、口感、质量的影响。结果表明：过氧化氢溶液对麒麟菜杀菌有显著效果,0．3％浓度过氧化氢杀菌10min为其最佳杀菌工艺,经处理的产品杀菌效果符合要求,感官品质令人满意;醋酸对麒麟菜即食食品杀菌结果表明,2．5％浓度醋酸杀菌40min,可以达到理想的效果;紫外线杀菌20min,杀菌效果较明显,相对于产品的感官影响较小。     

中国冬小麦品质改良研究进展

小麦是中国第三大粮食作物,在农业生产和食品工业中占有重要地位。随着中国经济和社会的发展,消费者的生活需求正在发生变化,工业化和城市化使食品工业,特别是传统食品工业化加速发展。与此同时,食品工业对食品原料的专用化和规模化,即品种的质量、规格和数量,提出了更高的要求。如何研究和解决这一矛盾,已成为小麦产业和食品工业可持续发展的新问题。本文以国内发表的论著为基础,整理、分析了小麦品质改良历史、研究进展、存在问题;讨论了小麦产业链和食品加工业的可持续发展对优质小麦的需求;结合农业生产和食品工业的发展趋势提出建议,供小麦育种、生产、收贮、食品加工等部门和研究人员参考。     

Growth of Juvenile Crayfish Procambarus llamasi (Villalobos 1955) Fed Different Farm and Aquaculture Commercial Foods

In this study, a range of commercially available animal and fish feeds were tested in the production of juveniles of the crayfish Procambarus llamasi, an endemic species of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. A randomized block design was implemented to observe the effect of commercial shrimp (Crude Protein, CP = 38%), trout (CP = 43.2%), tilapia (CP = 31.8%), rabbit (CP = 16.1%), turkey (CP = 18%), and pig (CP = 15.2%) diets in a recirculating aquaculture system. Shrimp food showed the best results in terms of growth performance, while lowest growth values (P<0.05) were obtained with farm animal diets. Trout and tilapia diets were intermediate. Pig feed was the most cost-effective at US$ 0.44 per kg of crayfish growth. Where no feeds specifically for crayfish are available, terrestrial animal feeds have the advantage of low price, ready availability in the market, and acceptable performance.     

瘤背石磺人工繁育关键技术的研究

研究了瘤背石磺亲体在不同温度、盐度下受精卵的孵化及不同开口饵料、不同附着基对浮游幼虫的培育和附着效果。结果表明,不同饵料对亲体的成活率无显著影响,各组成活率均超过95%;在(27±1)℃、不换水条件下,5、10、15、20、25、30的各盐度组中,以15、20盐度组的孵化率最高,分别为96.4%、95.8%;在盐度15、不换水条件下,(24±1)(、27±1)、(30±1)、(33±1)℃温度组,受精卵产出后至孵化出膜的时间分别需319、297、2862、78 h;采用自制孵化框漂浮式孵化,孵化率高达98%;不同开口饵料试验结果表明,金藻投喂组幼体成活率最高,为87.5%;不同附着基附着培养试验10 d后,悬浮球填料组的成活率最高,达90%,且个体整齐、生长速度快,而铺泥组为43%,不加附着基组仅38%。     

Utilization of Sake lees as Broiler Feedstuff and its Effects on Growth Performance and Intestinal Immunity

Increasing food loss and waste (FLW) is a global problem, and efforts are being made to use waste food as potential livestock feed material. The amount of self-supplied feed is lower in Japan than in other countries, and the government recommends FLW use for animal feed. Sake (Japanese rice wine) is a traditional alcoholic beverage. During the sake manufacturing process, large amounts of squeezed solids or “lees” (sake lees) are generated. Sake lees are nutritious and functional, but are prone to spoilage. In this study, we investigated whether sake lees should be mixed with animal feed immediately or after drying. To assess the usefulness of sake lees as a poultry feed ingredient and determine the effect of sake lees on intestinal immunity, we performed a feeding trial with three treatments: a raw sake lees (RSL) diet, dried sake lees (DSL) diet, and control diet. Three-week-old broilers were fed these diets (n=8 per group) for two weeks. We then calculated feed efficiency and performed RT-qPCR to assess the effects of diet on intestinal immunity. The growth performance in the RSL diet group was equivalent to that in the control diet group. The DSL diet became difficult for broilers to eat, resulting in decreased growth performance. In the ileum of RSL-diet broilers, the mRNA expression levels of TGF-β1 and avian β-defensin (AvBD)12 were significantly increased compared to those of control diet broilers (p<0.05), and a significant correlation was observed between the two genes (p<0.05). Our results indicated that sake lees should not be dried and should be mixed immediately with feed, and this sake lees when fed to chicken activates the intestinal immunity. However, sake lees have a lower fat content than corn, and it is thus important to combine sake lees with high-energy feed.     

食品添加剂磷酸氢二铵中砷含量的测定

运用原子荧光光谱法对进出口食品添加剂磷酸氢二铵中砷含量进行了测定,通过线性范围、检出限、精密度、回收率和实验室间比对测试,证明了原子荧光光谱法能快速、准确地检测出进出口食品添加剂中砷的含量。该方法线性关系良好,检出限低,准确度高,重复性和再现性好,可广泛用于进出口食品添加剂中砷含量的检测。