不同日粮组成对断奶初期奶公犊瘤胃内环境指标的影响

选用3头三月龄左右装有瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦奶公犊,按3×3完全拉丁方试验设计,喂给三种日粮。日粮组成按精粗比分别表示为:70:30;60:40;50:50,研究不同日粮组成对断奶初期奶公犊瘤胃内环境指标包括pH值、氨氮(NH3-N)浓度、纤毛虫数量及微生物蛋白的影响。试验结果表明:精粗比为70:30日粮条件下奶公犊瘤胃内pH值显著低于其它组(P<0.01),70:30日粮组瘤胃内NH3-N浓度显著高于精粗比为60:40和50:50日粮(P<0.01)。不同日粮组成下精粗比为60:40和50:50日粮的瘤胃纤毛虫数量和微生物蛋白显著高于高精料组70:30日粮(P<0.01)。     

Morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters characterizing the over-ripening of rainbow trout eggs

In rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) freshly ovulated eggs and over-ripened eggs which had been retained in the coelomic cavity for 7, 14 and 21 days were investigated in aspects of morphology, physiology and biochemistry. Egg viability was significantly reduced from 85.9±16.4% in freshly ovulated eggs to 25.1±21.9% in over-ripened eggs which had been retained in the coelomic cavity for 21 days. Further during over-ripening in the ovarian fluid the pH significantly decreased, while the levels of proteins, of esterified and non esterified fatty acids and the activities of aspartate aminotransferase and acid phosphatase significantly increased. Also egg parameters changed: the wet weight of the unhardened eggs increased, the weight increase during hardening and the levels of esterified and of non esterified fatty acids significantly decreased. In freshly ovulated eggs the yolk consisted of a homogenous mass and the perivitelline space was small, but in over-ripened eggs the yolk was non homogenous with numerous vesicular inclusions and the perivitelline space was enlarged. When freshly ovulated eggs were incubated in water the cortical reaction was detectable within 5 min, in over-ripened eggs hardly no extrusion of cortical vesicles was visible and the width of the perivitelline space was very irregular.For the investigated freshly ovulated and over-ripened samples the egg viability significantly correlated with ovarian fluid parameters (pH, protein, non esterified fatty acids, esterified fatty acids, aspartate aminotransferase, acid phosphatase) and egg parameters (weight increase during hardening, weight of the hardened eggs).     

高血糖疝痛马骡补液试验

将５５例大肠阻塞马骡分为４组，分别静脉输入５％、１０％、５０％葡萄糖溶液和２：１平衡液，实验表明：大肠阻塞马骡不宜补糖；采用一定剂量、速度和间隔时间对大肠阻塞马骡输入２：１平衡液可纠正其高血糖、脱水和酸中毒等症状。     

Navier—Stokes方程的一种泛复数解

通过引入泛复变量求解Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程，得到不可压缩流体Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程的一种泛复数解，即速度场和压强场的泛复数表示。     

检测脑脊液细胞因子水平对化脓性脑膜炎与病毒性脑炎鉴别诊断的价值

目的 :了解中枢神经系统 (CNS)感染性疾病患儿脑脊液中细胞因子水平对化脓性脑膜炎与病毒性脑炎的鉴别诊断价值。方法 :采用双抗体夹心ELISA法检测化脓性脑膜炎、病毒性脑炎和非CNS感染性疾病患儿脑脊液中的G CSF、TNF α、IL 8和sIL 2R水平 ,观察它们与粒细胞、蛋白含量和糖定量间的相关性并对它们在不同疾病组脑脊液中的水平进行比较。结果 :中枢神经系统 (CNS)感染性疾病患儿脑脊液中的G CSF、IL 8、sIL 2R与粒细胞计数呈正相关 (P均 <0 .0 5 ) ;化脓性脑膜炎组脑脊液中G CSF、IL 8明显高于病毒性脑炎组 (P均 <0 .0 1) ,而TNF α、sIL 2R与病毒性脑炎组的差异无显著性 (P均 >0 .0 5 )。病毒性脑炎组脑脊液中的TNF α、sIL 2R均高于对照组 (P均 <0 .0 1) ,而G CSF、IL 8与对照组的差异无显著性 (P均 >0 .0 5 )。结论 :脑脊液中G CSF、IL 8水平对化脓性脑膜炎与病毒性脑炎的鉴别诊断有一定的价值     

非牛顿流体环道测试及流变学特性研究

介绍了利用自行设计、建造的流体阻力环道测试装置,采用行业标准中减阻率测定的评价流体--0号柴油在环道的力学性能测试,确定了其作为胀塑性流体的有关流动参数,为评价流体的阻力定量计算提供了依据.     

Preliminary observations on the effects of Meloxicam in a new model for acute intra-articular inflammation in dogs

The effects of intra-articular injection, on two occasions, 3 weeks apart, of the contrast agent Urografin on the cytological and biochemical characteristics of synovial fluid (SF) were examined in two studies in dogs. The first study provided baseline data in two non-medicated dogs. The second study used a cross-over design whereby 4 dogs received a 7-day oral treatment with either a placebo or meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg body weight daily) with a washout period of 3 weeks, in order to determine the effect of this new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) on the response to Urografin injection. SF samples were collected under general anaesthesia prior to and at 24 and 72 h after each Urografin injection. The volume, relative viscosity, white blood cell count and concentrations of protein, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and hyaluronic acid of these samples were determined.The results from both studies indicate that intra-articular injection of Urografin provoked a mild local transient inflammatory response, the most dramatic evidence of which was an increase in the white blood cell count in the SF after 24 h. In the second study, comparison of the synovial fluid measurements of the placebo-treated dogs at 24 h after Urografin injection with those prior to injection revealed significant increases in SF volume, white blood cell count, protein concentration and LDH activity and a significant reduction in relative viscosity. At 72 h after injection, only the white blood cell count and relative viscosity were significantly different from the pre-injection values. All of these measurements were, however, associated with high coefficients of variation, which must be taken into account in assessing the usefulness of the model for drug-testing purposes. Nevertheless, the administration of meloxicam significantly reduced the SF volume and white blood cell count at 24 h relative to the effects of concurrent placebo treatment. The general health status of the animals was not disturbed at any time as assessed by clinical and haematological observations. No adverse reactions were observed.Abbreviations LDH lactate dehydrogenase - NSAID non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug - SF synovial fluid - WBC white blood cell count     

A COMPARISON OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY AND RADIOGRAPHY FOR THE DETECTION OF SMALL AMOUNTS OF FREE PERITONEAL FLUID IN THE DOG

The detection of small amounts of free peritoneal fluid in the canine patient can be a diagnostic dilemma. Ultrasonography and radiography have been advocated to detect intraabdominal fluid not detectable by physical exam. The purpose of this study was to determine the more sensitive method for detecting small amounts of free peritoneal fluid. Ultrasound examinations and radiographs were performed after increments (1 ml/lb body weight) of fluid were injected intraperitoneally. Ultrasonography detected fluid in one animal at 2 ml/lb. AH other animals had fluid detected at 3 ml/lb. With radiographs fluid could be detected with a high degree of accuracy at 4 ml/lb. The lateral view was more accurate than the ventrodorsal view in detecting fluid. The authors concluded that Ultrasonography is more sensitive than radiography and is the method of choice to detect small amounts of free peritoneal fluid.     

Aflatoxin B<Subscript>1</Subscript> Binding to Sorbents in Bovine Ruminal Fluid

A recent approach to the problem of contamination of agricultural products by aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) is to add non-nutritional adsorbents to animal diets in order to sequester ingested aflatoxins. We conducted in vitro experiments to develop a rapid and cheap model using ruminal fluid to assess the ability of sorbent materials to bind AFB₁. Seven sorbents (hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate; clinoptilolite; zeolite; two types of bentonite; sepiolite; and PHIL 75), commonly added to bovine diets were incubated in water and ruminal fluid in the presence of AFB₁. Hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate, sepiolite and one of the bentonites bound 100% of the AFB₁ in the presence of both ruminal fluid and water; clinoptilolite bound about 80% of AFB₁ in both liquids; whereas the affinities for the mycotoxin of zeolite (50%) and the other sample of bentonite (60%) in water seem to be increased by about 40% in ruminal fluid incubations. PHIL 75 had the poorest binding ability: about 30% in water and 45% in ruminal fluid. In view of the differences in toxin binding in water and ruminal fluid, it is preferable to use the ruminal fluid model for the in vitro pre-screening of sorbent materials potentially useful as adjuvants to ruminant feeds.     

Influence of Fluid Therapy on Gentamicin Pharmacokinetics in Colic Horses

The aminoglycoside antibiotic gentamicin is commonly used in equine medicine for the prevention and treatment of Gram-negative and staphylococcal bacteria in surgically treated colic patients. The pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in these patients might be altered by the disease status, and/or under the influence of fluid therapy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of intravenous fluid treatment on gentamicin kinetics in colic patients. Colic patients subjected to laparotomy were given fluid infusions according to clinical status. Following gentamicin administration, blood samples were taken for gentamicin analysis at different time points, and the main pharmacokinetic parameters including Vc, Vss, t(1/2) and MRT were calculated. Horses undergoing fluid therapy showed a significantly different t(1/2), clearance and MRT as compared to non-infused patients. However, taking into account the clinical status of the patients receiving fluid support, the data suggest that endotoxaemia, rather than fluid therapy, influence gentamicin pharmacokinetics following laparotomy.