菊花开花持续期的QTL定位

 以菊花‘雨花落英’ב奥运含笑’F1群体为材料,调查了2008—2009两个年度开花持续期的分离表现,并基于菊花SRAP遗传图对其进行QTL定位分析。基于单年数据,运用Win QTL Cartographer v2.5软件及复合区间作图法在2008年共检测到3个控制开花持续期的加性QTL,主要分布在秋菊‘雨花落英’遗传图的Y20和Y42连锁群以及夏菊‘奥运含笑’遗传图的A14连锁群上,LOD值介于2.65 ~ 3.44之间,单个QTL对开花持续期表型变异的贡献率为6.54% ~ 11.58%,而在2009年未检测到QTL的存在。运用QTLNetwork v2.2软件对2008和2009两年的表型数据进行联合分析,共检测到两对上位性QTL,在贡献率和效应值上与加性QTL相当,同时上位性QTL与环境之间具有互作效应。     

‘四季桂’不同季节的花芽分化与发育比较

利用显微解剖和石蜡切片技术,对四季桂品种群中‘四季桂’(Osmanthus fragrans‘Sijigui’)不同季节的花芽分化及开花特性进行研究。‘四季桂’一年成花3次,分别于3月初、6月上旬和10月底开始花芽分化,4月下旬、8月底和11月底完成,分别历时约2个月、2个半月和1个月。6月开始的花芽分化和开花过程与秋桂品种群基本相似,分化后需要低温才能开花,最终形成聚伞花序,无总梗,花粉发育正常。而10月底分化的花芽在完成分化后随即开花,形成的花序有总梗,且有伸长与未伸长之分,长度分别为(0.80±0.11)cm和(3.50±0.71)cm。3月分化的花芽与新梢同时生长发育,分化完成后随即开花。春季和冬季的两次分化形成的均是圆锥状花序,具总梗,花粉均败育。结果表明‘四季桂’自身存在着不同的成花机制。     

High serum troponin I concentration as a marker of severe myocardial damage in a case of suspected exertional heatstroke in a dog

A young, overweight dog presented with sudden onset lethargy and collapse following exercise in warm environmental conditions. Investigations revealed systolic hypotension, multiform ventricular premature complexes, irregular myocardial echogenicity with poor left ventricular systolic function and a markedly elevated troponin cTnI (180 ng/mL, reference range <0.3 ng/mL) consistent with severe myocyte damage. Infectious causes of myocarditis were ruled out on the basis of serological and polymerase chain reaction blood tests. Exercise-induced malignant hyperthermia was excluded from the history, an exercise tolerance test and genetic testing for the RYR1 V547A mutation. The diagnosis was myocardial damage secondary to suspected exertional heatstroke, from which the dog recovered uneventfully over a number of weeks and serum troponin normalised. This is the first case report in any species including man, documenting high troponin as a marker of severe myocardial damage following suspected heatstroke.     

贵州省农田杂草群落及危害

贵州省农田发生杂草种类有８７科３０６属５８０种；其中农田主要杂草１５８种，重要杂草１６种，危害较重的杂草１７种，区域性主要杂草２３种，常见主要杂草１０２种；杂草群落因作物、海拔而变化；全省２级以上杂草危害面积１５４．２～２０９．９万ｈｍ２，占种植面积的４０．４％～６０．５％，产量损失率１１．７％，年粮食损失１．４５～２．５５亿ｋｇ，受害程度小麦＞玉米＞烤烟＞油菜＞水稻。     

四川铁路口岸首次从美国白蜡木中截获刺海小蠹

四川口岸从美国进口白蜡木板材中首次截获外来有害生物刺海小蠹。本文叙述了刺海小蠹的鉴定特征、生物学特性、危害情况,并对防治进行了介绍。     

丹东地区越橘园铜绿丽金龟发生危害特点及防治

对丹东越橘园铜绿丽金龟的发生危害特点及其防治进行了调查研究。铜绿丽金龟1a发生1代,以3龄幼虫迁至40～70cm的土层越冬。翌年4月间迁至耕作层活动危害,5月间老熟化蛹,5月下旬至6月中旬为化蛹盛期。成虫每日出土活动的时间一般在日落前1h开始,接近日落到日落后1h群集于越橘树上啃食嫩芽、幼叶和花朵。成虫具有假死性和趋光性。并提出了有效的综合防治对策。     

两种无公害药剂对小菜蛾的防治效果比较

利用2种苦参碱复配型生物源杀虫剂进行了防治甘蓝小菜蛾效果比较试验.试验结果表明,1%除虫菊素·苦参碱微囊悬浮剂1 000倍液具有良好的速效性和防治效果;1%苦参碱·印楝素乳油2 000～2 500倍液虽然速效性较差,但持效期长,效果良好.两种药剂均对甘蓝无药害,对小菜蛾防效高、毒性小、残留少,适宜在无公害蔬菜生产中推广使用.     

柳兰传粉生物学研究

试验以原产黑龙江省小兴安岭经驯化栽培的野生柳兰为试材,通过室外挂牌标记定株观察、培养基法、联苯胺-过氧化氢法等方法,对其开花习性和传粉昆虫访花行为、花粉活力及柱头可受性等生物学特征进行研究。结果表明:柳兰花期从6月中旬到8月下旬,单株花序花期约49 d,单株小花数约70~130朵,小花花期一般为2~3 d,花药散粉时,花柱仍未伸长,花药与柱头之间有空间间隔和时间间隔,同朵花自花授粉机会很低,繁育系统属于异花授粉方式,且需要传粉者。在实验室条件下,柳兰花粉活力不高,开花当天至花2 d柱头可受性逐渐升高后下降。     

Sheep grazing in young oak Quercus spp. and ash Fraxinus excelsior plantations: vegetation control, seasonality and tree damage

An experiment was carried out where sheep were grazed in temporary fenced paddocks at a stocking rate of 178 LSU ha⁻¹ in a 5-year old broadleaf plantation of oak (Quercus spp.) and ash (Fraxinus excelsior) (1.5 m spacing) on fertile, former lowland pasture in Northern Ireland. The grazing regime was rotational and intensive, with two grazing periods of 5 days in February and October 2001. Results showed that a significant proportion of the rank herbage height was removed within the first 24 h of livestock introduction. Herbage biomass was reduced by approximately half after 5 days. Sward height in grazed plots remained significantly lower than control plots for over 6 months after cessation of grazing, whilst biomass remained significantly lower for over 4 months after cessation of grazing. No significant tree damage to either oak or ash was measured during the February grazing trial, however significant damage to the lateral branches of both oak and ash was observed in the October grazing trial. Leader damage did not occur on trees greater than 152 cm. Ash was more commonly browsed than oak. Annual height increment of both tree species was unaffected by grazing, but annual stem diameter increment was significantly reduced in both oak and ash in February grazed plots. Oak trees in both February and October grazed plots were found to have a significantly smaller annual increase in canopy diameter than those in control plots. Results are discussed with regard to practical implementation of controlled grazing in young broadleaf forestry plantations on fertile, lowland soils.