Disulphide structure of high-molecular-weight (HMW-) gliadins as affected by terminators

This study aimed at elucidating SS-bonds of HMW-gliadins (HGL) from wheat with the focus on terminators of glutenin polymerisation. HGL from wheat flour extracts non-treated or treated with the S-alkylation reagent N-ethylmaleinimide (NEMI) were compared. HGL from wheat flour Akteur were isolated, hydrolysed with thermolysin and the resulting peptides pre-separated by gel permeation chromatography and analysed by liquid chromatography/mass-spectrometry using alternating electron transfer dissociation/collision-induced dissociation. Altogether, 22 and 28 SS-peptides from samples without and with NEMI treatment, respectively, were identified. Twenty-six peptides included standard SS-bonds of α- and γ-gliadins, high-molecular-weight and low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits. Eleven SS-bonds were identified for the first time. Fifteen peptides unique to HGL contained cysteine residues from gliadins with an odd number of cysteines (ω5-, α- and γ-gliadins). Thus, gliadins with an odd number of cysteines, glutathione and cysteine had acted as terminators of glutenin polymerisation. Decisive differences between samples without and with NEMI treatment were not obvious showing that the termination of polymerisation was already completed in the flour. The two HGL samples, however, were different in the majority of ten peptides that included disulphide-linked low-molecular-weight (LMW) thiols such as glutathione and cysteine with the former being enriched in the non-treated HGL-sample.     

Hypernatremia secondary to homemade play dough ingestion in dogs: a review of 14 cases from 1998 to 2001

Objective: To correlate the sodium chloride dosage and the serum sodium concentration to clinical signs, to determine if the dosage of homemade play dough (and, therefore, sodium chloride) is the most reliable way to predict clinical signs and prognosis, and to review previously reported treatment options. Design: Retrospective case series. Animals: Fourteen dogs with a history of homemade play dough ingestion. Procedure: Cases were examined for each animal's signalment including body weight, age, approximate amount of play dough ingested, the estimated sodium chloride dosage, clinical signs, serum sodium concentration, and outcome when available. The literature was reviewed to determine pathophysiology and treatment regimens. Results: Twelve of 14 dogs (86%) that ingested homemade play dough showed clinical signs. Vomiting (9 of 14, 64%), polydipsia, and seizures (4 of 14 each, 29%) were the most common signs followed by polyuria, tremors (3 of 14 each, 21%), and hyperthermia (2 of 14, 14%). The lowest calculated dosage associated with objective clinical signs was 1.9 g/kg. Seizures were reported in all animals with serum sodium levels greater than 180 mEq/L. Conclusions and clinical relevance: Homemade play dough ingestion can be a serious and life‐threatening problem. Many factors can contribute to the toxicity of homemade play dough. This study indicates that the serum sodium concentration is a more reliable indicator of the clinical course of the toxicity rather than the amount of play dough and, therefore, the dosage of sodium chloride ingested. Treatment should be based on a clinical evaluation of the patient and laboratory results, and consists of controlling seizures, reducing serum sodium concentrations slowly, and supportive care.     

14种不同马铃薯全粉的理化特性差异分析

为研究马铃薯全粉理化特性的品种间差异,本研究以14种马铃薯全粉为材料,测定了马铃薯全粉的粘度特性、质构特性、糊化特性和回生特性等理化特性指标,并进行相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析.结果 表明,4个中薯系列品种的淀粉含量较高,均高于70％.不同品种马铃薯全粉的理化特性存在较大差异,威芋5号(PT10)、中薯3号(PT3...     

木薯全粉的功能特性

开发推广木薯源大宗食物,充分发挥木薯的资源优势,拓展人们日常消费的食物资源,积极应对日益严重的粮食危机.通过对木薯全粉与鲜木薯、木薯淀粉中的营养成分的测定对比,及对木薯全粉的黏度特性、透光率、膨胀度等进行分析,并对木薯全粉的营养成分保留及功能性质进行评价,探讨木薯全粉在食品工业中的潜在应用范围.结果表明,木薯全粉相对于鲜木薯、木薯淀粉营养成分保持良好,食用安全,同时具有较好的加工性能,在食品工业中应用前景广阔.     

醋酸酐改性对糯玉米粉糊化特性的研究

以糯玉米粉为原料,利用醋酸酐改性糯玉米粉。确定了醋酸酐改性的最佳条件为：醋酸酐浓度5％-7％,反应温度30℃,反应时间60min,反应pH8-9,硫酸钠浓度2％-4％。经醋酸酐酯化后,回生值降低到41,抗老化性增强;起糊温度降低到69.1℃;峰值黏度升高到195BU,糯玉米粉糊的糊化特性得到了改善。     

糯小麦新品系扬05G68配粉对面条品质的影响

为明确糯小麦扬05G68在改善面条品质方面的应用价值,为其推广应用提供依据,利用2种不同筋力市售面粉,研究了添加30%、50%和70%比例的糯小麦扬05G68面粉对干、鲜面条品质指标的影响.结果表明:糯小麦扬05G68面粉添加比例在30%与50%之间能显著改善面条品质;加工成鲜面条时,添加30%糯小麦面粉的面条评分最高;加工成干面条时,添加50%糯小麦面粉的面条评分最高;筋力强的面粉可以适当增加添加比例.     

Comparison of predictions of baking volume using large deformation rheological properties

Three large deformation rheological tests, the Kieffer dough extensibility system, the D/R dough inflation system and the 2 g mixograph test, were carried out on doughs made from a large number of winter wheat lines and cultivars grown in Poland. These lines and cultivars represented a broad spread in baking performance in order to assess their suitability as predictors of baking volume. The parameters most closely associated with baking volume were strain hardening index, bubble failure strain, and mixograph bandwidth at 10 min. Simple correlations with baking volume indicate that bubble failure strain and strain hardening index give the highest correlations, whilst the use of best subsets regression, which selects the best combination of parameters, gave increased correlations with R²=0.865 for dough inflation parameters, R²=0.842 for Kieffer parameters and R²=0.760 for mixograph parameters.     

2种糊化方式对小麦面粉流变及回生特性影响的比较

对传统加热糊化和微波糊化小麦面浆的过程进行了比较。在相同反应温度与时间的条件下,分别考察体系的糊化特性、流变学特性、贮藏回生特性及其回生后的超微结构。结果表明：小麦面粉经微波糊化后体系均匀、黏度较大、剪切恢复性小、超微结构致密,传统加热糊化不充分、体系黏度较低、存在剪切恢复性、超微结构不均匀;微波糊化只能在短时间内延缓淀粉体系的回生作用,不能降低其最终回生度。     

Effect of different organic amendments on lettuce fusarium wilt and on selected soilborne microorganisms

This study evaluated the effect of different organic amendments on lettuce fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae in pots under controlled conditions. Their effects on the density of the pathogen, on the total fungi and on fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. were also evaluated after two subsequent lettuce crops. A significant reduction in the severity of the symptoms of F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucae was found after the use of Brassica carinata pellets (52–79% reduction) and compost (49–67% reduction), while Brassica green manure and cattle and chicken manure only provided partial control of fusarium wilt. However, variations in effectiveness were observed for the same treatment in repeated trials. In general, an increase was observed in Pseudomonas and a decrease in fungal populations in the growing medium, which was obtained by mixing a blonde sphagnum peat and a sandy loam soil with B. carinata pellets and compost after two consecutive cropping cycles. Prolonging the Brassica and compost treatments from 30 to 60 days did not significantly affect disease severity, plant growth or the microbial population of the total fungi or Pseudomonas. The largest lettuce biomass was obtained in the non‐inoculated growing medium amended with brassica flour, chicken manure, B. carinata pellets and compost, as a consequence of fertilization. The treatment with B. juncea green manure, B. carinata (pellets and flour) and compost applied 30 days before planting led to promising results and merits further investigation for use under field conditions.