Determining design parameters for recovery of aquaculture wastewater using sand beds

Design information for the use of sand beds to remove suspended solids from wastewater discharged from recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) was developed. Wastewater from a commercial RAS tilapia farm with 2% total solids and 1.6% total suspended solids (TSS) was applied to sand columns to determine infiltration rates and phosphorus capture. Various hydraulic loading rates and drying periods between application events were evaluated. Infiltration rates stabilized after five application events to 3.5 cm/day (S.D.=1.7). Practically, all suspended solids were captured at the top of the columns, creating the primary resistance to infiltration. Concrete sand removed approximately 93% of the soluble phosphorous in the wastewater and wollastonite, an economical aggregate alternative to sand, removed at least 98%. A modified Darcy equation is presented to predict infiltration based upon TSS and the number of sequential applications.     

枸杞岛海藻场夏、秋季的渔业资源变化

基于2005年夏、秋两季对枸杞岛海藻场渔业资源的调查数据,对海藻场内外渔业资源的组成、优势种变化、主要资源种类生物学特征以及多样性和相似性进行了研究。结果表明,枸杞岛海藻场内的渔业生物组成的季节变化比藻场外明显,但岩礁性鱼类除外;藻场内优势种夏季多于秋季,而藻场外两季相同,褐菖鲉在夏、秋季的藻场内皆为优势种;各种类生物学特征也存在着明显的季节差异,夏季的性比差别大,秋季接近平衡,平均年龄秋季大于夏季,平均摄食强度夏季高于秋季;多样性值在夏、秋两季海藻场外皆大于海藻场内。藻场内外,夏季的多样性指数都大于秋季;同一季节藻场内外的相似性很低,不同季节,藻场内的相似性同样很低。通过现场调查及生物学实验,夏季海藻场作为幼小鱼类的索饵场所的生态功能得到了确认。     

Experiences with Rice Grown on Permanent Raised Beds: Effect of Crop Establishment Techniques on Water Use,Productivity, Profitability and Soil Physical Properties

In recent years, conventional rice production technologies have been leading to deterioration of soil health and declining farm profitability due to high inputs of water and labor. Conservation agriculture(CA) based resource-conserving technologies i.e. zero-tillage(ZT), raised-bed planting and direct-seeded rice(DSR) have shown promise as alternatives to conventional production technologies to overcome these problems. Present study was undertaken during 2009–2012 to establish an understanding of how permanent raised bed cropping system could be practiced to save water at the field application level to improve water productivity and also have the capability to enhance productivity, profitability and soil physical quality. The results showed that among different crop establishment techniques, conventional-tilled puddle transplanted rice(CT-TPR) required 14%-25% more water than other techniques. Compared with the CT-TPR system, zero till direct-seeded rice(ZT-DSR) consumed 6%–10% less water with almost equal system productivity and demonstrated higher water productivity. Wide raised beds saved about 15%–24% water and grain yield decrease of about 8%. Direct-seeded rice after ZT or reduced tillage or on unpuddled soil provided more net income than CT-TPR. The CTTPR system had higher bulk density and penetration resistance due to compaction caused by the repeated wet tillage in rice. The steady-state infiltration rate and soil aggregation( 0.25 mm) were higher under permanent beds and ZT and lower in the CT-TPR system. Under CT-TPR, soil aggregation was static across seasons, whereas it improved under no-till and permanent beds. Similarly, mean weight diameter of aggregates was higher under ZT and permanent beds and increased over time. The study reveals that to sustain the rice productivity, CA-based planting techniques can be more viable options. However, the long-term effects of these alternative technologies need to be studied under varying agro-ecologies in western Uttar Pradesh, India.     

Structure Design of Large-scale Sow House with Fermentation Bed

ln this research, the whole contact-type large-scale sow house with fer-mentation bed was designed. The planning area of the entire piggery was 5 700 m2 with workplace and green belts. The sow house was 93 m long and 33 m wide, a total of 3 069 m2, including office area of 60 m2 and aisle area of 107 m2. The fer-mentation bed had an area of 2 902 m2 with length of 88.7 m and width of 27.7 m. lts area accounted for 95% of the total area of sow house. The fermentation mattress had a depth of 80 cm, and had a volume of 2 321 m3, equivalent to 733 t of coconut chaff and rice chaff. On a large fermentation bed, the areas for boars, replacement gilts, pregnant sows, obstetric tables, nursery pigs, etc. were designed. The large-scale sow house with fermentation bed was equipped with the automatic feeding system, automatic sprinkler system, automatic positioning column for preg-nant sows, sows＇ obstetric table system, fanning wet curtain cooling system, video monitoring system, environmental monitoring （light, temperature, water, humidity, CO2, NH3） and automatic control system. Every farming area was equipped with feeding trough and water trough. The water though was fixed with overflow pipe for removing the extra water. The house could hold 500-head sows. Each sow occu-pied 4.9 m2 of the fermentation bed in average. The designed sow house had a maximum annual output of 10 000 piglets.     

金针菇菌糠发酵床对生态养猪效果的影响

[目的]解决发酵床垫料来源问题,降低发酵床制作成本。[方法]以金针菇菌糠代替部分锯末制作发酵床,研究发酵床垫料配比对其温度和生猪育肥性能的影响,并分析金针菇菌糠在发酵床养殖过程中的应用前景。[结果]金针菇菌糠发酵床不会影响发酵床的发酵效果及生猪的育肥性能,有效降低了发酵床的制作成本。菌糠发酵床的最佳配方为:锯末20%、菌糠60%、稻壳20%。[结论]菌糠发酵床不仅有效解决了食用菌菌糠的环境污染问题,还可以极大降低发酵床的制作成本,可应用于该地区的发酵床养猪生产中。     

施肥对核桃楸床播育苗的影响

[目的]研究施肥对核桃楸床播育苗的影响,达到培育优质壮苗的目的。[方法]研究不同施肥种类及施肥量对核桃楸苗木的茎干、根系生长等特性的影响。[结果]当施尿素15 g/m2+磷酸二氢钾15 g/m2时,苗木在苗高、地径、主根长、侧根数等指标均高于不施肥和其他施肥处理,有利于优质壮苗的培育。[结论]在生长季以施尿素15 g/m2+磷酸二氢钾15 g/m2或磷钾复合肥时,苗木的整体质量最优。     

基于双输出电流传输器的模拟浮地电感

由于电感不易集成，利用有源器件模拟电感一直是研究的热点．本文提出了一种新的模拟浮地电感，分析了该电感在理想情况和考虑有源器件非理想特性情况下的电感值，并把它应用到椭圆滤波器中．PSPICE仿真证实了此模拟浮地电感符合设计要求．该电感仅由2个第二代正电流传输器(简称CCⅡ )，1个双输出电流传输器(简称DOCCⅡ)和2个电阻，1个电容组成，结构简单；电感值可由无源元件参数控制．     

烟草不同育苗方式育苗效应的比较研究

试验引进了南非隔离育苗方式,与漂浮育苗方式、两段托盘育苗方式进行了烟草育苗比较研究.结果表明,南非隔离育苗方式显著提高了烟草苗期的积温,在出苗率、株高、叶片数、茎粗、主根长度、根系干鲜重、植株干鲜重等指标上明显优于另外两种育苗方式,且具有省时省工、操作简便、运行成本低的特点,是值得大面积推广的一项烟草育苗新技术.     

草坪坪床对土壤的要求

通过对土壤理化性质及其生物组成的分析 ,对草坪坪床土壤提出了要求 ,并且提出了改良措施     

鳗鱼浮性颗粒饲料的初步试验

本次试验得到的鳗鱼浮性颗粒,其较适配制条件为:(1)用膨化机制造鳗鱼浮性颗粒饲料;(2)利用小麦或玉米淀粉在一定条件下的膨化特性作粘结剂;(3)淀粉含量为26.5～46%;(4)含水量为25.5～29%;(5)加工温度为126～140℃;(6)脂肪含量4.3%。