亚麻种子及麻屑的综合利用

亚麻是我国西北及华北地区主要的油用经济作物，也是东北地区及云南、新疆的主要纤维用经济作物。亚麻种子的综合利用可带来很高的经济价值。综合利用亚麻种子、亚麻根、亚麻茎可生产多种工业化产品；如可降血脂的亚麻油胶丸、高发泡性食品用亚麻胶、高蛋白饲料、植物雌激素-木酚素、膳食纤维素、建筑复合材料等。进行亚麻种子高技术水平的研究，对亚麻种子进行综合利用将对人类健康起到更大的作用。     

Isolation and antifungal activity of lignans from Myristica fragrans against various plant pathogenic fungi

BACKGROUND: In a search for plant extracts with potent in vivo antifungal activity against various plant diseases, we found that treatment with a methanol extract of Myristica fragrans Houttyn (nutmeg) seeds reduced the development of various plant diseases. The objectives of the present study were to isolate and determine antifungal substances from My. fragrans and to evaluate their antifungal activities. RESULTS: Three antifungal lignans were isolated from the methanol extract of My. fragrans seeds and identified as erythro-austrobailignan-6 (EA6), meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid (MDA) and nectandrin-B (NB). In vitro antimicrobial activity of the three lignans varied according to compound and target species. Alternaria alternata, Colletotrichum coccodes, C. gloeosporioides, Magnaporthe grisea, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Acidovorax konjaci and Burkholderia glumae were relatively sensitive to the three lignans. In vivo, all three compounds effectively suppressed the development of rice blast and wheat leaf rust. In addition, EA6 and NB were highly active against the development of barley powdery mildew and tomato late blight, respectively. Both MDA and NB also moderately inhibited the development of rice sheath blight. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to demonstrate the in vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of the three lignans from My. fragrans against plant pathogenic fungi.     

中国新育油用亚麻品种（系）木酚素含量研究

 【目的】研究中国新育油用亚麻品种（系）木酚素含量与基因型和地点的关系。【方法】用高效液相色谱（HPLC）测定11个油用亚麻品种（系）2005、2006年在4个代表性试点的木酚素含量。【结果】11个亚麻品种（系）88点次木酚素含量变幅为6.487～13.127 mg?g-1,以97047平均含量最高,伊04的最低;4个地点中以河北坝上点最高,新疆伊犁点最低。方差分析表明,基因型、地点以及基因型×地点互作效应对木酚素含量的影响均达到1%显著水平。不同品种（系）木酚素含量的稳定性存在明显差异,以97047和伊04的稳定性好。【结论】基因型是影响木酚素含量的首要因子,品种选育是提高木酚素含量的首选措施。不同品种有不同的适种地区,参试品种（系）中97047为木酚素含量高且适应性广泛的品种（系）。     

亚麻籽和鱼油对蛋鸡蛋黄n-3多不饱和脂肪酸含量与肝脏脂肪酸代谢的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加亚麻籽和鱼油对蛋鸡蛋黄n-3多不饱和脂肪酸含量、肝脏脂肪酸组成及其合成代谢基因表达的影响。选择28周龄海兰褐壳蛋鸡96只,随机分为4组,每组24只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加10%亚麻籽、10%亚麻籽+5%鱼油和5%鱼油。饲养21 d后连续收集7 d鸡蛋,然后每组随机选取4只鸡屠宰取样。结果表明,与对照组相比:1)添加亚麻籽和鱼油均显著增加蛋黄中n-3多不饱和脂肪酸含量(P0.05),其中单独添加鱼油的蛋黄中二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)和二十碳五烯酸含量最高;2)试验组肝脏单不饱和脂肪酸比例均显著降低(P0.05),肝脏n-3多不饱和脂肪酸比例均显著增加(P0.05);3)单独添加鱼油显著降低肝脏脂肪酸延长酶1、脂肪酸延长酶2和去饱和酶(脂肪酸去饱和酶1、脂肪酸去饱和酶2和硬脂酰辅酶A去饱和酶1)基因表达水平(P0.05)。由此可见,蛋鸡饲粮中单独添加亚麻籽或鱼油可以富集蛋黄n-3多不饱和脂肪酸沉积;添加亚麻籽促进肝脏α-亚麻酸转化生成DHA过程,表现为上调脂肪酸延长酶和去饱和酶基因表达,添加鱼油显示相反结果。     

亚麻籽脱毒工艺研究

考察了超声波辅助溶剂法对亚麻籽中生氰糖苷的去除效率,从经济性、安全性和脱毒效果的综合角度确定了该系统的最佳工艺参数。     

五味子属药用植物木脂素的研究现状与展望

木脂素是五味子属药用植物的主要生物活性成分,其成分、含量与植物器官、部位、产地、生长季节、提取工艺及测定方法等有很大关系,本文中就其研究现状及展望进行探讨,为五味子属药用植物的木脂素类化合物开发利用及质量标准的制定提供参考。     

采用UHPLC-QTOF-MS技术筛选亚麻籽油脂质分子标志物

为了探究亚麻籽油中脂质的真实属性和发掘其有价值的脂质分子,该研究基于超高效液相色谱-四级杆飞行时间质谱联用技术(Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Spectroscopy,UHPLC-QTOF-MS)表征了亚麻籽...     

Effects of extruded flaxseed on layer performance,nutrient retention and yolk fatty acid composition

1. This study was conducted to determine the effects of feeding an extruded flaxseed (EF) on layer performance, apparent total tract nutrient retention (ATTR) and egg yolk fatty acid concentrations.

2. Seventy-two White Leghorn laying hens (58-week-old; three per cage) were randomly allotted to one of four dietary treatments: 0%, 7.5%, 15.0% and 22.5% of EF-supplemented diets for 8 weeks.

3. Supplementation with EF had no effect on feed intake, egg production, feed conversion ratio and egg weight. Egg components (yolk, albumen and shell percentages) were similar among treatments, except that shell percentage was greater for layers fed 22.5% EF than those fed 7.5% and 15% EF. The ATTR of dry matter and organic matter were highest for 0% and 7.5% EF, intermediate for 15% EF and lowest for 22.5% EF. Similar reductions on ATTR of crude protein and nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolisable energy were observed for layers fed 22.5% EF relative to those fed 0% or 7.5% EF.

4. Feeding EF at 7.5%, 15.0% and 22.5% of the diet markedly increased (by 92%, 198% and 271%, respectively) egg yolk concentrations of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and reduced saturated fatty acid and n-6 PUFA concentrations.

5. It was concluded that omega-3 labelled eggs (300 mg/60 g of egg) may be produced with low (7.5% of diet) levels of dietary EF without compromising egg production parameters. However, feeding moderate to high levels of EF (i.e. 15% and 22.5% EF) may reduce total tract nutrient and energy utilisation.     

地肤水浸提液对胡麻化感效应的研究

采用生物测定法研究了地肤及其不同部位水浸提液对胡麻的化感效应。结果表明,1)不同浓度的地肤全株及地上部茎叶水浸提液对胡麻种子萌发和幼苗生长有不同程度的抑制作用,抑制率均随浸提液浓度的升高而增大,0.100g/mL处理对胡麻种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数及幼苗的根长、苗高、根鲜重和苗鲜重的抑制率均达100%。2)地肤水浸提液抑制胡麻种子萌发主要是抑制了活力指数,抑制胡麻幼苗生长主要是抑制了根的生长。3)地肤释放化感物质可能有多种途径(如地上部淋溶、根系分泌等),但从综合效应看,同一浓度处理均以地上部化感作用最强,根系化感作用最弱。