长期饲喂亚麻籽对蛋鸡生产性能及消化代谢的影响

为研究长期饲喂亚麻籽对蛋鸡生产性能和表观消化代谢的影响,试验选用48只体重相近的55周龄健康海兰褐蛋鸡,随机分成4组,每组12只,即试验1、2、3和4组分别在基础日粮中添加0、6%、12%和18%亚麻籽,饲喂10周。结果表明,试验2、3组对蛋鸡增重无影响(P>0.05),试验4组蛋鸡体重显著下降(P<0.05);各试验组排泄物的水分含量无显著变化(P>0.05);试验2组可提高产蛋性能,试验3组可改善部分产蛋性能,但试验4组能降低产蛋性能。对于营养物质的消化代谢,试验2组不影响日粮表观代谢能和营养物质表观代谢率,试验3组显著降低能量表观代谢率和磷表观代谢率(P<0.05),试验4组降低能量及多项营养物质表观代谢率。提示,日粮中添加6%亚麻籽可用于长期饲喂蛋鸡。     

胡麻籽综合利用研究进展

对胡麻籽含有的有益成分及其综合开发利用现状进行了较为详细的论述,提出了当前胡麻籽研发中存在的问题,以及应当采取的对策,以利于胡麻籽资源的综合开发利用。     

Effect of Diets Supplemented with Soybean,Flaxseed, or Menhaden Fish Oil on the Growth,Feed Utilization,Immune Status,and Sensory Properties of Channel Catfish in a Recirculating System at 22°C

Channel catfish feed intake and growth decline with temperature, but different dietary lipids might sustain performance during cool weather. Catfish at a suboptimal temperature (22°C) were fed 32% protein commercial floating pellets supplemented with 2% soybean oil (SBO), menhaden oil (MFO), or flaxseed oil (FLX). After 12 weeks, fish were counted and weighed, then health assays and proximate and fatty acid analysis of fillets were conducted. Weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and survival were similar among treatments, indicating limited potential of different lipids to improve growth at low temperatures. However, the favorable feed conversion ratios (FCRs; ≤1.6) indicated that feeding at 22°C was worthwhile to maintain good condition of catfish. Across diets, the unsaturated fatty acids in muscle lipids increased. The FLX and MFO both increased the n-3 HUFA in the fillet, but FLX was less effective. Unfortunately, both FLX and MFO reduced sensory properties of the fillet relative to the SBO control.     

Enantiomeric compositions and biosynthesis ofWikstroemia sikokiana lignans

Thymelaeaceae plants produce dextrorotatory dibenzylbutyrolactone lignans, which are opposite enantiomers to the lignans isolated from other plants (e.g.,Forsythia spp.). In our previous paper, (–)-pinoresinol (74% enantiomer excess), (+)-matairesinol (optically pure), and (+)-wikstromol (optically pure) were isolated fromWikstroemia sikokiana (Thymelaeaceae). In the present investigation, a survey of lignans and the determination of their enantiomeric compositions were continued. Four lignans, (–)-lariciresinol, (–)-secoisolariciresinol, (+)-kusunokinin, and (+)-methyltrachelogenin, were isolated from MeOH extracts ofW. sikokiana stem. To our knowledge, we have isolated (+)-methyltrachelogenin from plants for the first time. Chiral high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis showed that (+)-kusunokinin and (+)-methyltrachelogenin were optically pure, whereas (–)-lariciresinol and (–)-secoisolariciresinol were not (39% and 45% enantiomer excess, respectively). Feeding experiments with deuterium-labeled substrates demonstrated conversion of coniferyl alcohol to the lignans and interconversion of lignans. These reaction sequences are similar to the sequence catalyzed byForsythia enzymes. However, predominant enantiomers of the lignans, except for secoisolariciresinol isolated fromW. sikokiana, have absolute configurations opposite to those of the corresponding lignans isolated fromForsythia spp. Based on the results of the isolation and the feeding experiments, several differences betweenW. sikokiana andForsythia spp. are pointed out regarding stereochemical mechanisms for lignan biosynthesis.Parts of this report were presented at the 46th annual meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Kumamoto, April 1996; and the 47th annual meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Kochi, April 1997     

Antioxidant lignans sesamin and sesamolin in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.): A comprehensive review and future prospects

Sesame(Sesamum indicum L.) is a significantly lucrative cash crop for millions of small-holder farmers. Its seeds are an important source of a highly appreciated vegetable oil globally and two clinically essential antioxidant lignans, sesamin and sesamolin. Accordingly, many countries import millions of tons of sesame seed every year. The demand for lignan-rich sesame seeds has been increasing in recent years due to the continuous discovery of several pharmacological attributes of sesamin and se...     

亚麻籽中开环异落叶松树脂酚二葡萄糖苷的测定——高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测 电喷雾质谱法

    采用高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测-电喷雾质谱(HPLC-PAD-ESI-MS)法对开环异落叶松树脂酚二葡萄糖苷(SDG)进行定性和定量检测,研究方法的精密度、稳定性、定量检测限及加样回收率,并考察样品制备方法对定量检测结果的影响.采用Sephadex LH-20柱色谱分离制备SDG对照品,并用1H-NMR与13C-NMR对其进行表征.HPLC-PAD-ESI-MS检测所得紫外及电喷雾质谱信息与SDG结构相符.以自制的SDG(纯度96.6%)为对照,采用HPLC绘制定量标准曲线,方法精密度较高(RSD为1.36%),稳定性好(1周后RSD为1.21%),定量检测限较低(LOQ为3.4 mg·L-1),加样回收率达(99.7±3.2)%.此外,制样时采用碱法水解与混合溶剂提取,不仅节省时间,还更充分地提取了SDG.说明用HPLC-PAD-ESI-MS法栓测亚麻籽中的SDG方便省时,准确可靠.     

纳米Cs_2O/γ-Al_2O_3固体碱催化红麻籽油制备生物柴油

以纳米γ-Al2O3粉体为载体,应用等体积浸渍CH3COOCs制备Cs2O/γ-Al2O3催化剂,并通过TPD-CO2、XRD、TEM等手段对催化剂的碱性、结构和表面形貌进行表征,并将其用于催化红麻籽油制生物柴油反应.通过催化剂活性评价结果,分析了纳米固体超强碱制备过程及酯交换反应过程中各种因素的影响.结果表明,催化剂的粒径为10-25 nm,负载量为2mmol.g-1时,催化剂具有强碱性,其活性最好.甲醇与红麻籽油的摩尔比为9∶1,催化剂用量为油料的2.5%,反应时间3 h,转化率可达到90.7%.     

南五味子木脂素复合涂膜液在草莓保鲜中的应用

草莓在采收和贮运中易受损伤和病原微生物侵染而腐烂变质,影响其商品价值。为研究南五味子木脂素复合涂膜液对草莓保鲜效果的影响,以南五味子为材料,采用超声辅助乙醇浸提法提取其木脂素。以抑菌圈直径为指标,南五味子木脂素对3种供试菌的抑菌效果从强到弱为大肠埃希氏菌>沙门氏菌>金黄色葡萄球菌。考察南五味子木脂素、叶绿素铜钠、魔芋葡甘聚糖、氯化钙4个组分对草莓失重率、可溶性固形物含量、Vc含量的影响。在单因素实验基础上进行响应面优化实验,得到南五味子木脂素复合涂膜液的最优配方为0.32%木脂素+0.0021%叶绿素铜钠+0.27%魔芋葡甘聚糖+1.0%氯化钙,将制备的复合涂膜液应用于草莓贮藏实验,使用复合涂膜液的草莓的失重率下降73.86%,可溶性固形物含量提高67.55%,Vc含量提高21.80%,与对照组相比保鲜效果显著提高,可以作为草莓保鲜的技术参考。     

正交设计法优选亚麻籽饼粕中亚麻木酚素的提取工艺

通过对亚麻籽饼粕中开环异落叶松树脂酚二葡萄糖苷的提取工艺进行正交试验,并结合TLC结果,确定了提取溶剂为0.1 mol KOH溶于1 L70%乙醇,料液比为1:8,提取5 h。然后利用大孔吸附树脂与TLC相结合的方法,探讨了亚麻籽中SDG的分离纯化,并根据HPLC分析结果确定了最佳的分离纯化工艺条件。结果表明:KOH-乙醇-水提取与大孔吸附树脂相结合制备SDG提取物的方法与传统分离方法相比,得率高、工艺操作简单且安全无毒。     

不同处理方法降低亚麻籽中氰化氢含量的效果

用烘烤、蒸煮、溶剂提取、微波加热等方法对亚麻籽进行处理 ,采用苦味酸盐法测定亚麻籽中氰化氢(HCN)含量 ,比较分析不同处理方法对降低亚麻籽中HCN含量的效果。试验结果表明 ,未加工的亚麻籽中HCN的质量分数为 380 g·kg-1;微波加热后减少了 82 % ,蒸煮法减少了 2 7% ,溶剂法提取 1,2和 3次分别减少了 5 2 % ,80 %和 89% ,烘烤减少 18% ,水煮法减少 10 0 %。微波法对HCN的去除率最高 ,烘干法最低 ;溶剂法相对于微波加工法更易实现规模化生产 ;蒸煮法和水煮法在特殊情况下才可考虑使用。