加工番茄“宽垄不翻秧”栽培模式下的深耕影响分析

试验在“宽垄不翻秧”栽培模式下对土壤进行深松处理,以未深松处理的“宽垄不翻秧”栽培模式为对照进行比较,结果表明:未深松土壤31~40cm及41~50cm剖面中土壤容重基本一致都为1.32g/cm3与深松土壤中这两个剖面内土壤容重(31~40cm内为:1.31g/cm3,41~50cm内为:1.26g/cm3)存在差异;未深松的土壤中犁底层阻碍了根系的下扎,虽然根系能穿透犁底层,但对后期根系的进一步生长分布造成了影响,而经过深松处理的土壤打破了犁底层引导根系向深度层次分布,让根系在深度范围内可以获得更多的养分空间;在滴入同等量的水分时,由于打破了犁底层减少了对水分的阻碍,深松土壤中水分是往下迁移,从而增加了水分的有效利用性,利于根系的深度层次的分布,而未深松中滴水后土壤中由于犁底层的阻碍水分是横向迁移,引导了根系在浅层分布;深松处理下各品种各性状比未深松处理的各性状指标都有明显的提高,尤其植株茎基部粗呈显著性差异,深松处理下植株的茎基部粗比未深松处理的要粗,叶片数比未深松处理的要多,并且株高也没有相应过高的增加,这说明深松有利于植株的健康生长,及增加产量,提高品质,避免因滴灌频繁滴水而造成的徒长。     

局部凸空间中凸幂凝聚算子的不动点定理及其应用

首先给出了局部凸空间中一类新的算子——凸幂凝聚算子的定义,推广了Banach中的凝聚算子,并获得了这类凸幂凝聚算子的一个不动点定理．作为应用,本文建立了一类半线性发展方程的解的存在性结果．     

鱿鱼钓船产量与船长的关系

针对当前国内鱿鱼钓船船长有逐步增大的趋势,在收集大量数据的基础上,分析了作业于新西兰渔场和北太平洋渔场的鱿鱼钓船的单线日产量和机钓每天总产量与船长的关系,指出一味追求大的船长并不一定能够获得较好的经济效果。     

小麦主茎穗长的遗传模型分析

采用一双列杂交资料,介绍小麦主茎穗长的遗传模型分析方法。分析结果表明,主茎穗长符合加性—显性遗传模型,且以加性效应为主,其平均显性度为0.6456,属部分显性。并对其选择的适宜世代进行了估计,从F_4代可进行选择,这时加性方差占遗传方差的比已达90％以上。     

中性温度层结时森林郁闭度与林冠上风速廓线的关系

该文利用风洞实验及野外实测资料，用逼近方法求出中性温度层结时不同郁闭度林分林冠以上风速廓线特征．结果表明，风速廓线参数（零平面位移ｄ、林冠表面粗糙度Ｚ０、动力速度Ｕ）随郁闭度Ｃ的变化而改变，ｄ随Ｃ的增大而增大，二者关系可由对数函数表示：ｄ＝（Ｈ／ａ）ｌｎ（Ｃ／Ｃ０）．Ｚ０和Ｕ的变化特征比较相似，在Ｃ＝０２附近有最大值，Ｃ再增大或减小，Ｚ０和Ｕ值均逐渐减小     

水、陆稻根部性状的研究

选用来自日本、中国华北、东北、西北等地的粳型水稻品种8个和陆稻品种7个，在大田旱种和雾培条件下测其根系性状和叶片水势等。结果表明，在2种栽培条件下水、陆稻的根长、根数、根基粗、根中粗和根体积等性状相关显著；水、陆稻不同的品种间根系性状的差异均达极显著水平，陆稻品种的根比水稻品种的长、根的基部粗。陆稻品种的叶 片水势比水稻高，并且与根长、根基粗相关显著；水陆稻幼苗4叶期根基粗和灌浆期的根基粗相关极显著。因此水、陆稻苗期根基粗可以作苗期初步鉴定抗旱性的一种指标。     

丛枝菌根真菌侵染指标与植物促生效应相关性分析

为探讨不同丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)生长特性与功能(植物生长和养分吸收)的相关性。采用分室根箱装置,以玉米(Zea mays L.)和紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)为宿主植物,选取7种AMF:摩西斗管囊霉Funneliformis mosseae、变形球囊霉Glomus versiforme、根内根孢囊霉Rhizophagus intraradices、幼套近明球囊霉Claroideoglomus etunicatum、近明球囊霉C.claroideum、细凹无梗囊霉Acaulospora scrobiculata、黏屑多样孢囊霉Diversispora spurca,以不接种为对照进行温室盆栽试验,测定菌根侵染率、根外菌丝密度、植物地上部生物量、磷/锌吸收量、植物根系AMF gDNA丰度以及玉米根系ZmPht1;6的相对表达量。结果表明:接种F.mosseae、R.intraradices、G.versiforme、C.etunicatum的玉米和紫花苜蓿根系侵染率及根外菌丝密度较高,对植株生长和磷、锌吸收均表现为正效应;C.claroideum、A.scrobiculata、D.spurca根系侵染率和根外菌丝密度较低,C.claroideum对紫花苜蓿生长和磷吸收表现为促进效应,而对玉米表现出抑制效应,后两者对植株生长和磷、锌吸收无显著效应或抑制作用;AMF的生长指标(菌根侵染率和根外菌丝密度)与菌根生长效应以及磷、锌吸收效应之间均具有较高的正相关性,根系AMF总侵染率对玉米菌根生长效应、磷/锌吸收效应变异的解释量分别为79.0%,77.6%和74.1%;菌丝侵染率对紫花苜蓿菌根生长效应、磷/锌吸收效应变异的解释量分别为76.5%,72.6%和74.0%;此外,仅紫花苜蓿根系AMF gDNA丰度与根系总侵染率显著正相关,玉米根系ZmPht1;6基因的相对表达量与菌根磷吸收效应显著正相关。综上,AMF的侵染指标显著影响植物生长和养分吸收效应,AMF gDNA丰度可作为表示AMF生长的指标,但因植物而异,玉米根系ZmPht1;6的相对表达量在一定程度上可反映AMF吸磷能力。     

Biomass distribution in 40-year-old trees of Japanese black pine

Measurements were carried out to survey the quantity of above- and below-ground biomass and its distribution of five Japanese black pines (Pinus thunbergii Parl.) growing on a sandy soil. The roots, divided into diameter groups, were surveyed using two methods—soil coring and excavation. Average dry weight of total biomass of the trees was 176,185 g. Roots represented 13.2%, below-ground stump 6.5%, stem 70.4% and branches with needles 9.9% of total biomass. Roots made up about two thirds and stump one third of below-ground biomass. Total length of below-ground biomass (except roots with diameter < 0.1 cm) was 479.1 m/tree. Roots with diameter of 0.1–0.2 cm represented only 0.7% of below-ground biomass, however as much as 49.9% of their total length. Roots with diameter over 10.0 cm constituted as much as 21.6% of below-ground biomass, however were only 0.3% of its total length. Root systems had well developed tap roots to maximal depth of 231 cm. The results indicated that mass and length of roots with diameter 0.5–2.0 cm had a close correlation with branch mass. Mass and length of roots with diameter 2.0–10.0 cm closely correlated to stem mass. Stem mass, root mass and root length closely correlated to DBH. A rather low correlation was found between DBH and mass of branches and below-ground stump. DBH was a suitable variable for predicting total biomass.     

柚木花粉离体萌发试验

柚木(Tectona grandis L.f.)是世界名贵的用材树种,天然分布于印度、缅甸、泰国和老挝[1],具有生长快、用途广、纹理美观和价格昂贵的特点,已在热带、南亚热带地区广为引种,是世界上人工林种植面积最大的4个树种之一,也是单位面积产值最高的一个造林树种[2-3]。我国引种柚木已有170多年的     

Morphological plasticity of cotton roots in response to interspecific competition with pecan in an alleycropping system in the southern United States

A study was conducted in northwest Florida, USA, to investigate root development and morphology of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) under pecan (Carya illinoensis K. Koch) trees in an alleycropping experiment. Root:shoot ratio, root biomass, total root length and root length density were examined under three treatments: (1) barrier (separating belowground interspecific competition by trenching to a depth of 120 cm and installing polyethylene barrier), (2) non-barrier (root systems were free to interact), and (3) monoculture of cotton (without above and belowground interspecific competition with trees). Results indicated that plants in the barrier and non-barrier treatments had lower root:shoot ratios compared to the monoculture treatment. Belowground competition for resources between pecan and cotton in the non-barrier treatment resulted in 25 and 33% reduction of total root length (359 cm) when compared to that of the barrier (477 cm) and monoculture (539 cm) treatments, respectively. The non-barrier plants also exhibited the lowest root length density. Specific root length was highest for the monoculture (179 cm g⁻¹) and lowest for the non-barrier treatment (146 cm g⁻¹) with the barrier treatment being intermediate (165 cm g⁻¹). Interspecific competition with pecan significantly altered root development and morphology of cotton plants. Research in agroforestry should take into account the developmental differences in root systems of the associated crop species so that better models incorporating nutrient and water uptake can be developed.