湖北省森林防火地理信息系统有关问题的探讨

本文就湖北省森林防火地理信息系统的建设目标、系统功能的设定等方面进行了专题论述 ,并就系统框架及运行和体系建设任务进行了探讨。     

Survival and growth of upland oak and co-occurring competitor seedlings following single and repeated prescribed fires

Studies within and outside the U.S. indicate recurring oak (Quercus spp.) regeneration problems. In deciduous forests of the eastern U.S., a prevailing explanation for this trend is fire suppression leading to high competitor abundance and low understory light. In response, prescribed fire is increasingly used as a management tool to remedy these conditions and encourage future oak establishment and growth. Within eastern Kentucky, we implemented single and repeated (3×) prescribed fires over a 6-yr period (2002–2007). Pre- and post-burn, we quantified canopy cover and oak seedling survival and growth compared to other woody seedlings deemed potential competitors, primarily red maple (Acer rubrum L.) and sassafras (Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees.). Burning temporarily decreased canopy cover 3–10%, but cover rebounded the subsequent growing season. Repeated burning ultimately produced canopy cover about 6% lower than sites unburned and burned once, suggesting a cumulative effect on understory light. Red maple exhibited low survival (∼40%) following single and repeated burns, but growth remained similar to unburned seedlings. Burning had little impact on sassafras survival and led to total height and basal diameters 2× greater than unburned seedlings. A single burn had no impact on red oak (Erythrobalanus spp.) survival and increased height and basal diameters 25–30%, but this positive growth response was driven by seedlings on several plots which experienced high burn temperatures and consequently high overstory mortality. White oaks (Leucobalanus spp.), however, exhibited twice as high mortality compared to those unburned, with no change in growth parameters. Repeated burning negatively impacted survival and growth of both oak groups compared to unburned seedlings. With both burn regimes, oaks with smaller pre-burn basal diameters exhibited the lowest post-burn survival. Thus, despite the ability of prescribed burns to temporarily increase understory light and reduce red maple survival, neither single or repeated burns placed oaks in an improved competitive position. These findings result from a combination of highly variable yet interdependent factors including the (1) life history traits of oaks compared to their co-occurring competitors, (2) pre-burn stature of pre-existing oak seedlings, and (3) variability in fire temperature and effects on understory light.     

阳春市野生珍稀濒危植物和国家重点保护野生植物

阳春市植物资源丰富，东北部有百涌省级自然保护区，西南部有正在申报省级的鹅凰嶂自然保护区。据调查和现有资料统计，阳春市自然分布的珍稀濒危植物34种，国家重点保护野生植物19种。为保护好这批珍贵的植物资源，作者提出了具体的保护建议。     

沿海防护林内层沙滩引种龙眼试验

1987～2002年，在沿海防护林内层沙滩地上开展引种石硖龙眼的试验研究。结果表明：充分利用沙滩地地势平坦、光热水条件优越的有利条件，通过营造林带、改土适树、精耕细作等技术措施引种栽培石硖龙眼，其生长发育符合其品种固有特性，单果重、可食率及可溶性固形物含量均达到该品种的优级标准。其产量高，9年生每公顷产量达37830kg，经济效益较高，并能有效地促进沿海防护林朝着生态经济复合型方向发展。     

广西红树林资源现状及保护发展对策

针对广西红树林资源变化较大,长期缺乏准确调查数据的情况,2001年,采用“3S”技术与地面调查相结合的方法对广西红树林资源进行了全面的调查。根据调查结果,从资源管理的角度出发,对广西红树林的种类、群落、分布、数量、质量、生境和生态经济与枉会价值等进行分析和论述,并提出了针对性的保护和发展对策。     

红外成像林火监测报警车载指挥系统的研究

红外成像林火监测报警指挥车载系统是一个车载充氦气、有左右机翼且携带红外成像仪、激光测距仪和GPS(卫星定位)装置的飞艇型氦气球(简称飞艇)监测系统。在防火期，可开往林火多发地区，采用吊舱形式将红外成像仪、激光测距仪、GPS挂在飞艇的下方，将飞艇升向高空，利用火源与背景之间的温差形成热图象，全天候、多方位、自动搜索林火目标，产生报警，并将报警信号、热图象信号及林火、火源中心点的经纬度，通过有线网或移动通讯网。传送到防火指挥中心，由防火指挥部门组织化学灭火飞机，将林火目标扑灭在萌芽阶段。     

水基二异氰酸酯交联聚乙烯醇环保新型木材粘合剂

以水基中甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）交联改性聚乙烯醇（PVA）的反应原理为理论依据，以交联反应后粘胶体系中游离TDI量的检测结果及其颜色的稳定性，说明在20～35℃的常温和催化剂的作用下，少量TDI关联PVA胶水，可以合成出性能优良的绿色粘合剂，采用正交实验法，探讨在水基中反应物料的组成，交联反应的温度，交联反应进行的时间等因素对TDI交联PVA粘胶体系的环保性能和粘结性能的影响。     

白马雪山国家级自然保护区的资源保护与利用对策

白马雪山国家级自然保护区位于迪庆州德钦县和维西县境内，总面积281640hm^2。详细介绍了保护区对当地社区在生产、生活、旅游、宗教等方面产生的影响，分析了资源保护和利用之间的矛盾，提出了协调不同利益群体的对策。     

ORACLE数据库的性能调整与优化——以中日合作项目林火监测系统为应用实例

以中日合作项目林火监测系统作为ORACLE数据库系统的应用实例 ,对ORACLE数据库管理系统的性能的调整方法和优化策略进行了介绍和探讨 ,这些实用方法和技术有效地解决了ORACLE数据库管理中的关键问题 ,提高了数据库的存储能力和运行速度。     

GIS在林业专题制图中的应用

论述了运用于理信息系统软件完成应用遥感技术进行思茅地区样地清查及进行“二项调查”的制衅工作，重点阐明了整个制作过程、成果分析、该注意的几点事项。成果得到相关部门的认可，该方法可应用于林业专题图的制作。