不同硒源对家兔消化性能和血液生化指标的影响

本试验旨在探讨日粮不同硒源对新西兰肉兔消化性能和血液生化指标的影响。选用35日龄的断奶仔兔60只,公母各半,随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复4只。在基础日粮中分别添加相同水平(0.15 mg/kg)的硒代蛋氨酸与亚硒酸钠,预试期7 d,正试期35 d。结果表明,与对照组相比,硒能显著提高粗蛋白质和粗纤维表观消化率(P<0.05),硒代蛋氨酸组显著高于亚硒酸钠组(P<0.05);硒对血清总蛋白(TP)水平有显著提高,但不同硒源之间差异不显著(P>0.05);硒能显著降低血清尿酸(UA)水平,且硒代蛋氨酸组显著低于亚硒酸钠组(P<0.05);对照组血糖(GLU)水平显著低于加硒组,但不同硒源之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。综合本试验结果,生长兔饲料中添加硒对其消化性能有增效作用,且有机硒的作用明显大于无机硒。     

纤维素酶处理荞麦秸秆对其纤维结构和滩羊肉品质的影响

本试验旨在研究荞麦秸秆经不同酶活纤维素酶处理对其发酵前后纤维结构、营养成分、微生物数量以及滩羊肉品质的影响.本试验分为两部分,第1部分为酶处理试验,第2部分为饲养试验.酶处理试验共设计3个组,分别为对照组(未经酶处理的荞麦秸秆),试验I组(纤维素酶I处理的荞麦秸秆),试验Ⅱ组(纤维素酶Ⅱ处理的荞麦秸秆),每组3个重复....     

白藜芦醇对畜禽骨骼肌纤维类型转化的影响及其机理

白藜芦醇是自然界中广泛存在于葡萄、花生等植物中的一类多酚类化合物,具有广泛的生物学活性,如抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗衰老、保护心血管等。近年来,白藜芦醇在骨骼肌纤维类型转化上的功能研究也得到越来越多的关注。研究表明,白藜芦醇能诱导酵解型肌纤维向氧化型肌纤维的转化,从而达到改善禽畜肉质的目的。本文将综合最新研究报道,总结白藜芦醇对骨骼肌纤维类型转化的影响及其可能的作用机理,为其在畜牧生产上的应用提供理论基础。     

6种热带亚热带豆科牧草抗寒性及营养品质比较

为了筛选华南地区适宜的优质冬季青饲料草种,本研究比较了旋扭山绿豆(Desmodium intortum)、大叶山蚂蟥(Desmodium laxiflorum)、异果山绿豆(Desmodium heterocarpum)、显脉山绿豆(Desmodium reticulatum)、糙毛假地豆(Desmodium heterocarpum var.strigosum)和柱花草(Stylosanthes guianensis)6种热带亚热带豆科牧草在广州越冬期的抗寒性及营养品质。结果表明,除柱花草外,其它5种豆科牧草均能保持青绿越冬,其中旋扭山绿豆和大叶山蚂蟥的叶绿素含量均显著高于其它牧草(P0.05)。旋扭山绿豆的净光合速率最高(P0.05),其次是大叶山蚂蟥(P0.05),因此这两种牧草具有相对较强的抗寒性;与其它牧草相比,旋扭山绿豆在冬季能保持较高的粗蛋白含量(15.99%~20.26%)(P0.05)以及较低的洗涤纤维(NDF 27.92%~30.89%、ADF 23.96%~27.06%)和缩合单宁含量(6.05~11.95mg·g~(-1))(P0.05),因而具有较高的营养价值。因此,旋扭山绿豆可以作为华南地区冬季豆科青饲料的潜在优选草种。     

垂穗披碱草落粒性评价及农艺性状的相关性分析

为挖掘优异垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans)种质资源,加快其抗落粒品种选育,本研究在前期资源筛选基础上,于2015-2016年对13份垂穗披碱草种质的落粒性及15个农艺性状进行了变异、相关性、主成分和聚类分析,并用隶属函数法对农艺性状进行了综合评价。结果表明,15个农艺性状中落粒率的变异系数最大,为57.43%,穗长的变异系数最小,为5.77%。13份种质中,PI619516落粒率最低,种柄断裂拉伸张力(breaking tensile strength,BTS)测定值达70.05gf,种质PI639855的落粒率最高,BTS值为13.99gf。BTS变异分析表明,种质PI639852的变异系数最大,为45.09%,表明该种质在落粒性方面存在较大的种内遗传差异。相关性分析表明,倒二叶长与旗叶长和旗叶宽,旗叶长与旗叶宽呈极显著正相关(P0.01),每穗小花数与穗长和茎粗呈显著正相关(P0.05),BTS与穗长和茎粗呈显著负相关(P0.05),表明穗长和茎粗越大,BTS就越小,落粒率就越高。以BTS值为变量的聚类分析结果表明,13份种质被聚为4类,第ⅰ类种质落粒性最高,第ⅱ和第ⅲ类种质表现出很高的落粒性,而第ⅳ类种质落粒性中等。15个农艺性状的综合聚类分析结果表明,13份种质被聚为4类。隶属函数分析表明,种质PI547394的综合性状表现优异,综合隶属函数值为0.55。本研究为垂穗披碱草育种提供了宝贵的遗传资源。     

添加不同酵母培养物对瘤胃纤维分解菌群和纤维素酶活的影响

用3种酵母培养物(YC- 1、YC 2和YC- 3)分别饲喂4头带有永久性瘤胃瘘管的肉牛,研究培养物对瘤胃发酵、纤维分解酶活性和3种纤维分解菌数量的影响,结果表明:YC 2处理的乙酸、丙酸、丁酸和总 VFA浓度显著高于对照组(P<0 .05),YC 1和YC 3处理的乙酸/丙酸比例显著降低(P<0 .01);各处理均能显著提高瘤胃内羧甲基纤维素酶、水杨苷酶和木聚糖酶的活性(P<0 .01);各处理都显著提高黄化瘤胃球菌的相对比例(P<0 .01),16SrRNA特异性寡聚核苷酸探针杂交法分析测定结果表明 3 种纤维分解菌在瘤胃细菌中所占比例为 3. 80%±0 .2%。     

纤维原料对母猪繁殖性能和粪便的影响

为研究妊娠后期及哺乳期母猪饲粮中添加纤维产品对母猪生产性能和粪便的影响,试验选取48头分娩日期相近的3~6胎妊娠后期母猪(长×大),按胎次、体重、膘情随机分成2组,每组24个重复。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加1%的纤维产品。试验期为母猪产前30d到断奶后发情。结果表明:本次试验未观测到添加1%纤维产品组母猪哺乳期采食量和平均窝产活仔数有提高的趋势,但平均断奶重和日增重有提高,其中断奶重提高5%,日增重提高4.74%。添加纤维产品可有效降低便秘程度,其中在分娩至断奶,断奶到发情阶段达到极显著水平(P<0.01),便秘评分分别提高7.75%和28.81%。另外添加纤维还可缩短产程,减少母猪产后缺乳、发热和难产的发生率,均降低4.17%。由此可见,母猪产前30d到哺乳期饲粮中添加1%的纤维产品,能够有效改善母猪便秘,缓解母猪无乳综合征症状。     

Seasonal differences in rumen bacterial flora of wild Hokkaido sika deer and partial characterization of an unknown bacterial group possibly involved in fiber digestion in winter

Rumen digesta was obtained from wild Hokkaido sika deer to compare bacterial flora between summer and winter. Bacterial flora was characterized with molecular‐based approaches and enrichment cultivation. Bacteroidetes was shown as a major phylum followed by Firmicutes, with similar proportions in both seasons. However, two phylogenetically unique groups in Bacteroidetes were found in each season: unknown group A in winter and unknown group B in summer. The ruminal abundance of unknown group A was the highest followed by Ruminococcus flavefaciens in winter. Moreover, the abundance of these two was higher in winter than in summer. In contrast, the abundance of unknown group B was higher in summer than in winter. In addition, this group showed the highest abundance in summer among the bacteria quantified. Unknown group A was successfully enriched by cultivating with oak bark and sterilized rumen fluid, particularly that from deer. Bacteria of this group were distributed in association with the solid rather than the liquid rumen fraction, and were detected as small cocci. Accordingly, unknown group A is assumed to be involved in degradation of fibrous materials. These results suggest that wild Hokkaido sika deer develop a rumen bacterial flora in response to changes in dietary conditions.     

基于RNA-Seq技术筛选影响猪肌纤维性状的候选基因

旨在探究影响肌纤维性状的候选基因和信号通路。本研究以马身猪和大白猪为研究对象,采用HE染色法分析6月龄马身猪和大白猪背最长肌肌纤维直径和密度,利用RNA-Seq分析马身猪和大白猪背最长肌组织中基因表达情况,并对差异表达基因进行GO和KEGG富集分析,再通过qRT-PCR验证RNA-Seq结果的准确性。结果显示,马身猪背最长肌肌纤维直径极显著低于大白猪(P<0.01),而肌纤维密度极显著高于大白猪(P<0.01)。转录组测序结果显示,在6月龄马身猪和大白猪背最长肌中,差异倍数在2倍以上的基因共105个,其中,马身猪相对于大白猪上调的基因有55个,下调的基因有50个。GO富集分析表明,差异表达基因主要富集在与线粒体相关的细胞组分和骨骼肌分化有关的生物学过程中;KEGG分析结果显示,这些差异表达基因主要参与到与氧化磷酸化有关的信号途径。qRT-PCR和RNA-Seq对6个DEGs表达情况的检测结果表明它们的表达趋势相同,说明RNA-Seq结果准确可靠。结合差异基因表达丰度、GO和KEGG富集分析结果,本研究发现,MYL3、MYH3、MYH6基因通过影响肌纤维的组成而影响肌纤维特性,ND6基因通过参与线粒体氧化磷酸化过程影响肌纤维类型,MICU2基因通过维持线粒体Ca²⁺浓度的稳态影响细胞功能,编码转录因子的EGR1和FOS基因通过调节细胞增殖、分化和凋亡等过程影响肌肉生长发育。本研究初步揭示了造成马身猪和大白猪肌纤维性状差异的主要原因,为猪肉品质的改善提供了相应的理论依据。     

An in vitro biomechanical comparison of the breaking strength and stiffness of polydioxanone (sizes 2, 7) and polyglactin 910 (sizes 3, 6) in the equine linea alba

OBJECTIVE: To determine failure strength, stiffness, and failure mode of 4 suture materials in equine linea alba. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized complete block design. SAMPLE POPULATION: Linea albas collected from 12 adult horses (mean weight, 475 kg; mean age, 10 years). METHODS: The ventral abdominal fascia, including the linea alba, was collected and bisected along the linea alba into right and left halves. Each half was divided into four, 5-cm sections extending from the umbilicus cranially, and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 suture materials: 2 polydioxanone (2 PD), 3 polyglactin 910 (3 PG), 6 polyglactin 910 (6 PG), and 7 polydioxanone (7 PD). A single cycle to failure test was performed on each specimen at a distraction rate of 100 mm/min. Differences in failure strength and stiffness for the materials were evaluated using a mixed linear model with significance set at P<.05. RESULTS: In 94 of 96 test sections, constructs failed by suture failure. There were significant differences in failure strength (P<.0001) and stiffness (P<.001) among the suture/tissue constructs. 7 PD had the highest breaking strength (316.8 N) followed by 6 PG (281.3 N), 3 PG (229.9 N), and 2 PD (193.0 N). Six PG had the largest stiffness (14 N/mm) followed by 3 PG (12.7 N/mm), 7 PD (10.1 N/mm), and 2 PD (7.2 N/mm). Suture breaking strength and stiffness were not affected by linea or fascia thickness, individual horse, half of the linea alba, or abdominal wall position. Eighty-five (90.4%) suture loops failed adjacent the knot. CONCLUSIONS: When tested in single cycle to failure, suture material was more likely to fail than the linea alba. Larger suture materials had higher breaking strengths than smaller suture materials and stiffness was also affected by suture material and size. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Given its high initial breaking strength and its relatively longer in vivo strength retention, 7 PD seems an appropriate choice of suture material for closure of the equine linea alba when maximal short-term failure strength is desired.