南非红麻产量基因型与环境互作的效应分析

本实验分析了9个红麻品种在南非地区的产量稳定性.结果显示,在南非纳塔尔地区,红麻产量的基因型和环境相互作用显著.在不同的参试地区和年份中,红麻鲜重,鲜茎产量以及干茎产量均为极显著差异.灌溉条件下各产量指标明显高于干旱地区.本实验还应用了3个不同的参数和方案,评估了这9个品种的稳定性.结果表明,综合三个参数,EI Salvador是在不同环境条件下具有丰产潜力的品种.     

香蕉麻预处理脱胶优化研究

天然香蕉麻纤维存在“粗、硬、脆”等问题,影响到常规与高档纺织品的开发;为提高天然香蕉麻可纺性能．在系统分析香蕉麻化学成分的基础上。采用正交试验方法对酶预处理脱胶与双氧水预处理脱胶工艺进行了优化。结果表明,以胶质溶除率评定,酶预处理下最佳脱胶工艺条件是：氢氧化钠浓度8g／L,精炼时间3h,酶处理时间6h;双氧水预处理最佳脱胶工艺条件是：pH9,温度50℃,处理时间30min。     

国外纤维亚麻品种的比较与评价

采用随机区组对从国外引进的纤维亚麻品种进行了比较试验。结果表明:各参试品种的生育期与对照品种相当;TX-3、TX-13、SU和TX-14的原茎产量、种子产量和出麻率优于对照品种FANY,其它参试品种的原茎产量低于对照品种,但出麻率均优于对照品种;TX-3、SU和MARYLIN对枯萎病达中度抗病水平;比较各参试品种的综合表现,TX-3和SU两品种生育期适中、产量和出麻率高、抗病性好,可推广应用。     

贵州黑马羊间性、无角、颌下髯及颈部肉垂遗传特征分析

通过实际观察、杂交试验、考察育种记录、遗传分析和适合性检验,对贵州黑马羊间性、无角、颌下髯以及颈部肉垂特征遗传规律进行了研究,同时分析和探讨了黑马羊相关遗传特征表现的基因表达方式和遗传关系.结果表明:①“无角×无角”繁殖的F1代无角羊占72.41％,有角羊占24.14％,无角间性羊占3.45％;②“有角×有角”繁殖的F1代有角羊为100％.③“有角×无角”、“无角×有角”的正反交试验,F1代无角羊占52.20％、有角羊占47.80％.④对166只19个群体的黑马羊统计,颌下有髯率为80.72％,颈部有肉垂率为19.28％;无角(P)对有角(p)呈显性,无间性(I)对间性(f)呈显性,颌下有髯对无髯呈显性,颈部有肉垂对无肉垂呈完全显性;有角山羊基因型为ppH,正常无角羊基因型为PPII、PPIi和PpII、PpIi,间性羊基因型为PPii、Ppii,且山羊间性与无角存在连锁关系.     

不同母质发育土壤的中红外吸收光谱特征

选取湘东丘陵区四种典型母质发育土壤(酸性紫色土、花岗岩红壤、板岩红壤和第四纪红土红壤),采集剖面(深至母岩/母质层)样品,应用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪研究灼烧去除有机质处理、土层深度和母质类型对土壤中红外吸收光谱特征的影响,分析吸收光谱与土壤理化性质的关系。结果表明,去除有机质后,特征区的中红外吸收值升高,反映矿物质对红外吸收谱线的强烈影响。在剖面上,底土(60~80 cm或100~120 cm)的中红外吸收值高于表土(0~20 cm),与土壤有机质含量的剖面分布相反。四种土壤的中红外光谱均属典型的高岭石图谱。砂粒、粘粒含量与红外吸收值的相关性最好,砂粒含量的最大相关系数(0.51)出现在3700、913和720~540 cm~(-1)附近,粘粒含量的最大相关系数(0.54)出现在1100~694 cm~(-1);本研究表明,原土的中红外吸收光谱特征主要受矿物质的支配,可以很好地反映土壤质地的状况,指示土壤质量变化。     

Effect of nutrient solution salinity and ionic concentration on parsley (Petroselinum crispum Mill.) essential oil yield and content

The growth and essential oil (EO) production of parsley were evaluated in response to salinity and nutrient solution concentrations in a soilless culture. Parsley plants that were 60 days old were potted in a coconut fiber and peat moss medium and were treated with four different nutrient solutions, including T1, T2, T3 and T4. The T1 nutrient solution was the standard, the T2 and T3 solutions contained incremental macronutrient concentrations with an electrical conductivity (EC) of up to 2.2 and 3.2 dS m^?1, respectively, and the T4 solution was the same as T2 but with sodium chloride (NaCl) and an incremental macronutrient concentration with an EC of 3.2 dS m^?1. Next, these plants were grown for 90 days in a greenhouse with natural daylight in Nador, Morocco. Shoot and root growth significant decreased with increasing EC. However, the salinity that resulted from the addition of NaCl did not affect plant growth in the nutrient solutions. The optimum obtained growth and EO production were 1.2 and 2.2 dS m^?1, respectively. Consequently, the optimum EC value (based on the EO production) of parsley in the soilless culture was 1.2–2.2 dS m^?1.     

Surface-active properties of particle size fractions in two humic acids

The relationships between surface active properties and humic acid (HA) particle sizes were investigated. Two HAs from an Ando soil and a Brown forest soil were separated into 6 particle size fractions by gel permeation chromatography. Surface-active properties characterized by surface excess value (\gT mol cm^-2), cross-sectional surface area per molecule (A nm²), critical micelle concentration (CMC g L^-1), efficiency and effectiveness of water surface tension reduction were obtained by the measurement of the surface tension of HA solutions from different particle size fractions. For the HA from the Ando soil, except for the smallest particle size fraction, increasing particle size enhanced the efficiency of reduction of the water surface tension and decreased the CMC, while the effectiveness of reduction of the water surface tension was about the same. The surface activity of the HA from the Ando soil increased with increasing particle size. This phenomenon was similar to the surface activity of a homologous series of surfactants, which increased with increasing alkyl chain length. For the HA from the Brown forest soil, the smallest particle size fraction and three large fractions showed a high efficiency, namely a high surface activity. The smallest fraction from the Brown forest soil showed the highest efficiency and the lowest CMC value. In both HAs, the smallest particle size fraction showed exceptional surface-active properties compared with the other fractions and three fractions with large particle size showed a higher surface activity than other smaller fractions.     

厦门市2001-2002年PM10浓度时间序列变化分析

在厦门市环境大气污染物中，PM10是其首要的大气污染物。厦门市大气中的日PM10浓度受天气和气候以及土地利用类型、地表植被覆盖度等诸多因素的共同影响而呈现出一定的周期性，应用时间序列方法对厦门市2001～2002年的PM10浓度进行周期性和趋势性的分析，揭示了厦门市大气环境中PM10浓随时间变化的周期性规律。同时讨论了部分气候因素对PM10浓度年内变化的影响。     

马尾松纯林改造成针阔混交林后土壤化学性质的变化

在25 a生的马尾松林下分别套种火力楠、闽粤栲、苦槠、格氏栲、青栲和拉氏栲等阔叶树种的1 a生幼苗,16年后形成郁闭的针阔混交异龄林。土壤化学分析结果显示,在马尾松林下套种阔叶树(除青栲外)明显增加了林下表层土壤(0~20 cm)的有机质含量。各林分下土壤全K、全M g、全C a、全N和全P的平均含量分别为11.41,6.64,4.33,1.45,0.46 g/kg,表明土壤K、M g、C a的含量比较丰富,而N和P则相对缺乏,营造混交林在一定程度上增加了土壤N、P含量。所有混交林深层土壤(20~60 cm)的有效N、P含量均大于马尾松纯林,而有效K的含量则相反。混交林下0~20 cm,20~40 cm和40~60 cm土壤的平均pH值分别为4.40,4.61和4.68,而马尾松纯林下各土层的pH值则依次为4.39,4.41及4.42,说明在马尾松林下套种阔叶树在一定程度上降低了20 cm以下土层的活性酸度。套种阔叶树(除苦槠外)后由于降低了土壤交换性酸度,增加了土壤盐基离子浓度,从而明显提高了土壤盐基饱和度。     

草本纤维生物提取菌株分泌的关键酶研究

为研究草本纤维生物提取菌株分泌的关键酶种类和特性,采用经典的DNS法对草本纤维生物提取菌株分泌的果胶酶、甘露聚糖酶和木聚糖酶进行系统分析。结果表明,6 个草本纤维非纤维素降解菌株均能同步产果胶酶、甘露聚糖酶和木聚糖酶;在培养的第9~11 h,菌株CBXW-3 分泌的果胶酶活力最高达123 IU/mL,其次为菌株CBXW-1 的果胶酶活力105 IU/mL;菌株CBXW-4 的甘露聚糖酶活力最高达214.2 IU/mL,其次为菌株CBXW-1 的甘露聚糖酶活力162.1 IU/mL;菌株CBXW-4 的木聚糖酶活力最高为111.4 IU/mL,其次为菌株CBXW-6 的木聚糖酶活力87.6 IU/mL。由此得出,6 个目标菌株分泌的草本纤维非纤维素降解酶系种类丰富,酶活力高,可为阐明草本纤维生物提取机理和开发微生物资源的应用价值提供科学依据。