塔里木河下游生态输水对草地恢复的影响

结合塔里木河下游生态输水,通过对植被和地下水的监测,分析了输水对下游草地恢复的影响。结果显示:随着生态输水,塔里木河下游输水河道附近地下水位大幅升高,下游草地也出现明显的生态恢复,主要表现在植被种类和草地覆盖度的变化。但是由于不同草本植物对地下水位的适应程度不同,距河道不同距离植物响应的程度不同。而对于因河水漫溢出现的恢复区,其植被种类和覆盖度表现与因地下水升高而恢复的区域差异较大,说明不同输水方式对草地生态恢复的影响程度不同。     

对发展我国生态畜牧业的探讨

通过分析当前我国畜牧业存在的问题,指出发展生态畜牧业是我国畜牧业发展的必然选择,并对我国应该如何发展生态畜牧业提出了建议。     

饲料中黄曲霉毒素污染现状、影响因素及其对反刍动物瘤胃微生物发酵的影响

黄曲霉毒素是由生长在温暖潮湿环境中的黄曲霉菌所产生的对人体和畜禽危害性很大的一类毒素,其在饲料中的污染在全世界具有一定的区域性和季节性。尤其在中国南方地区夏季高温高湿条件下极易发生饲料霉菌毒素污染,对中国畜牧养殖业造成了极大的危害和损失。作者主要从黄曲霉毒素的种类、饲料污染现状、影响因素及其对反刍动物瘤胃消化代谢的影响等方面进行了综述。     

枯草芽孢杆菌固体发酵豆粕条件的优化

本试验采用枯草芽孢杆菌对豆粕进行固体发酵,通过正交试验探讨不同碳源组合、发酵时间、培养温度、水分比例、接种菌量等因素对发酵豆粕粗蛋白质增加率和蛋白质水解度的影响。结果表明,影响枯草芽孢杆菌固体发酵豆粕粗蛋白质增加率的条件因素的主次顺序为玉米粉比例>培养时间>温度>麸皮比例>水分比例>次粉比例>接种菌量,表观分析固体发酵条件最佳组合为A₃B₁C₃D₃E₂F₂G₁,粗蛋白质增加率达到28.05%;影响发酵豆粕蛋白质水解率的条件因素的主次顺序为温度>培养时间>玉米粉比例>接种菌量>麸皮比例>次粉比例>水分比例,表观分析固体发酵条件最佳组合为A₂B₃C₁D₃E₃F₃G₁,蛋白质水解度达到46.46%。枯草芽孢杆菌固体发酵豆粕的粗蛋白质增加率与蛋白质水解率存在明显的正相关(R²=0.556)。     

An evaluation of the Abaxis VSPro for the measurement of equine plasma fibrinogen concentrations

Reasons for performing study: Accurate measurement of plasma fibrinogen concentrations is an important tool for assessment of horses with inflammatory diseases. Objectives: To determine the precision and accuracy of a benchtop instrument using both fresh and frozen equine plasma by comparing the plasma fibrinogen concentration measured by a benchtop instrument to 2 separate laboratory standard methods (ACL 100 and STA Compact) for fibrinogen measurement. Methods: Accuracy and precision of the VSPro was evaluated using both human fibrinogen standards and samples from horses. Fifty frozen samples from horses with gastrointestinal disease had the fibrinogen concentration measured using the ACL 1000 and the VSPro. Fifty fresh samples were collected from hospitalised horses and fibrinogen concentration was measured using the STA Compact coagulation machine and the VSPro. Correlations for measurements were performed, as well as Bland‐Altman analysis. Results: Coefficients of variability for the VSPro ranged from 7% to 15%. The VSPro fibrinogen values were well correlated to both the ACL 1000 (r = 0.94, P<0.001) and the STA Compact measurements (r = 0.926, P<0.001). Bland‐Altman analysis showed a mean bias of ‐0.83 g/l (95% confidence interval ‐2.03–0.324 g/l) for the ACL 1000 and a mean bias of ‐0.024 g/l (95% confidence interval ‐1.434–1.386 g/l) for the STA Compact. Conclusions: The VSPro appears to have adequate accuracy and precision for clinical measurement of plasma fibrinogen concentrations. Potential relevance: The VSPro provides a measurement of equine plasma fibrinogen concentration using a benchtop instrument with a rapid test time that has comparable accuracy to the fibrinogen concentration obtained from reference laboratories.     

以市场需求为导向学生成才为目标的教学改革

解决学校培养出的人才不是企业急需人才这个矛盾的方法。就是要以市场需求为导向，以学生成才为目标进行教学改革，确定教学体系，实行以岗位定课程的订单式教学法，企业与学校紧密结合。学校根据企业所需要的员工应具备的知识为框架组织教学，同绕思想教育体系、技能技巧体系、专业能力体系进行教学设计，对学校、教师及学生都提出了更高的要求。     

青藏扁蓿豆根瘤菌接种效果试验

对青藏扁蓿豆进行了根瘤菌接种试验,结果表明:青藏扁蓿豆的结瘤率接种比对照平均提高52.9%。接种使青藏扁蓿豆的干草产量提高59.6%~69.2%。     

Changes in nutrient balance,methane emissions,physiologic biomarkers,and production performance in goats fed different forage-to-concentrate ratios during lactation

The objective was to determine the effect forage-to-concentrate (F:C) ratio and stage of lactation on methane emissions, digestibility, nutrient balance, lactation performance, and metabolic responses in lactating goats. Twenty Murciano-Granadina dairy goats were used in an experiment divided into 3 periods: early (30 d), mid (100 d), and late (170 d) lactation. All goats were fed a diet with 35:65 F:C (FCL) during early-lactation. Then, 1 group (n = 10 goats) remained on FCL through mid- and late-lactation while the other group (n = 10 goats) was fed a diet with 50:50 F:C at mid-lactation (FCM) and 65:35 (FCH) at late lactation. A greater proportion of concentrate in the diet was associated with greater overall intake and digestibility (P < 0.05). Energy balance was negative in early-lactation (−77 kJ/kg of BW^0.75, on average) and positive for FCL at mid- and late-lactation (13 and 35 kJ/kg of BW^0.75, respectively). Goats fed FCM and FCH maintained negative energy balance throughout lactation. Plasma concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids at mid-lactation were greater for FCM than FCL (680 mEq/L), and at late-lactation concentrations were greater for FCH and FCL (856 mEq/L). A similar response was detected for plasma β-hydroxybutyrate. Methane emission was greater (P < 0.05) for FCM than FCH (1.7 g CH₄/d). This study demonstrated that differences in F:C across stages of lactation lead to distinct metabolic responses at the level of the rumen and tissues.     

生乳储运条件对品质影响的探究

菌落总数是衡量生乳品质的重要指标之一.生乳中菌落总数基数越大,其品质越不稳定.但因为奶源产地等原因,生乳必须经过一段时间运输才能到达乳品企业进行生产,运输过程可能由于微生物繁殖导致生乳品质下降.试验选取菌落总数基数不同的两批生乳,通过在2～6℃和10～15℃条件下存放,模拟生乳在冷藏储运和脱冷储运状态下,分别储存24 ...     

海南坡鹿对采食部位的选择与饲草酸性洗涤纤维含量的相关性

在海南大田国家级自然保护区围栏内用食痕法(evidence of feeding on forage)观测海南坡鹿Cervus eldi hainanus(简称坡鹿)对18种草本和18种灌木类饲草的采食部分占整株草本植株或占整枝灌木主枝条的尺寸比,同时测定各饲草的酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量.结果显示,按旱季与雨季的(全年)平均值,坡鹿对草本类饲草的采食尺寸比为49.29%,对灌木类饲草为57.3%;草本类饲草的ADF含量为9.91%,灌木类饲草为9.19%;无论草本还是灌木类,坡鹿的采食尺寸比随饲草ADF含量的增加而显著降低.研究表明,在大田自然保护区围栏内,坡鹿对ADF含量在10%以上的饲草不喜食,饲草纤维物质含量是坡鹿在围栏内扩充采食部位以增加营养摄入量的限制性因子,在旱季种植并收割饲草投喂坡鹿时,应避免其纤维物质含量增高.