康宁木霉固态发酵改善茶渣营养价值

本试验旨在研究康宁木霉固态发酵茶渣,提高茶渣营养价值,并筛选出最佳的发酵条件。用单因素试验优化发酵茶渣的基质比例（茶渣∶玉米粉=6∶4、7∶3、8∶2、9∶1）、料液比（3∶7、4∶6、5∶5、6∶4、7∶3）、接种量（2%、4%、6%、8%、10%）、发酵温度（25、28、31、34、37 ℃）和发酵时间（0、2、4、6、8、10、14、22 d）。以基质比例、发酵温度、接种量和发酵时间为影响因素,进行L9（3⁴）正交试验确定茶渣最优发酵条件。测定各组发酵产物粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、还原糖、黄酮、皂苷和咖啡因含量,计算各组合的综合评分。确定最优条件后进行对比试验,比较了发酵前后茶渣的营养成分、活性物质和游离氨基酸含量。结果表明：1）单因素试验中,以下条件的综合评分最高：基质比例为7∶3,料液比为5∶5,接种量为8%,发酵温度为31 ℃,发酵时间为6 d。2）正交试验表明,康宁木霉发酵茶渣（料液比为5∶5）的最佳条件是：基质比例为7.0∶2.5,发酵温度为31 ℃,接种量为7%,发酵时间为6或7 d。3）与未发酵茶渣相比,最优条件下发酵茶渣的粗蛋白质、还原糖、黄酮、咖啡因、多种游离氨基酸含量和必需氨基酸/总氨基酸、风味氨基酸/总氨基酸均显著提高（P<0.05）,皂苷含量显著降低（P<0.001）,粗脂肪含量与未发酵茶渣无显著差异（P>0.05）。发酵6和7 d的茶渣营养成分和活性物质含量无显著差异（P>0.05）。由此可见,康宁木霉发酵茶渣能够改善茶渣的营养价值。     

一株乳酸片球菌的筛选、鉴定及其固态发酵饲料原料的产酸分析

本研究从猪的新鲜粪便中分离纯化出一株具有较强产酸效果的乳酸菌HF14,综合形态、生理生化、16SrDNA序列分析,初步鉴定该菌株为乳酸菌片球菌(Pediococcus acidilactici)。对HF14固态发酵豆粕、麸皮、玉米粉与稻壳粉等饲料原料的产酸类别进行分析发现,产生的有机酸以L-乳酸与乙酸为主,其中,发酵玉米粉的pH最低,为3.77,L-乳酸与丙酸含量最高,分别为21.91、1.03mg/g;发酵麸皮的pH降幅最大,丁酸含量最高,为0.72mg/g;发酵稻壳粉的乙酸含量最高,为6.15mg/g,L-乳酸含量最低;发酵豆粕的各个指标居中。     

菜籽饼的发酵脱毒及酶酸法水解制备复合氨基酸工艺研究

以菜籽饼为原料,选择黑曲霉、米曲霉、乳酸菌进行混合固态发酵,然后利用多菌种混合发酵中产生的蛋白酶进行菌酶水解试验,经55℃菌酶水解7 h,氨基酸含量达1.15 g/100 ml;然后,加适量盐酸,经95℃低酸水解8 h,氨基酸含量可达2.17 g/100 ml。本项目研究的生产复合氨基酸液的工艺集脱毒、菌酶、低酸水解为一体,能耗低、产率高,且氨基酸种类丰富齐全,为菜籽饼的综合利用开辟了一条新的途径。     

深黄被孢霉固态发酵生产油脂的工艺参数及前后底物组成变化规律的研究

本试验旨在探讨深黄被孢霉固态发酵生产油脂的工艺参数及发酵前后底物组成变化规律.分别采用单因素试验设计与正交试验设计优化发酵底物组成及发酵条件,采用化学分析以及扫描电镜分析、X射线衍射分析方法检测发酵前后底物的理化性质,以比较发酵前后底物组成变化规律.结果表明,最适的发酵底物为玉米淀粉和麸皮的混合物;最佳发酵条件为玉米淀...     

植物乳酸菌发酵对大豆球蛋白和β-伴大豆球蛋白免疫活性及水解度的影响

本试验通过植物乳酸菌对豆粉进行液态发酵,在发酵24,36,48,60,72 h时采集发酵样品进行水解度和免疫活性的检测,结果表明:(1)48 h为植物乳酸菌发酵豆粉的最佳时间,可去除71.08%的β-伴大豆球蛋白和64.22%的大豆球蛋白的免疫活性(P＜0.01),对β-伴大豆球蛋白的去除程度显著高于大豆球蛋白(P＜0...     

黑曲霉发酵酱油渣的研究

试验研究了黑曲霉的耐盐能力,试验结果表明:NaCl浓度在0-120 g/l以内,黑曲霉生长速率随NaCl浓度的增加先增加后减小,当NaCl浓度为40 g/l时黑曲霉生长速率达到最大值,为2.08 cm/d;并且以酱油渣为试验材料,研究了黑曲霉对酱油渣中粗纤维成分的降解能力,试验结果表明,黑曲霉能高效降解酱渣中半纤维素,30 d降解率达到了84.28%;同时对纤维素和木质素也有一定程度降解,30 d时降解率分别为23.86%和9.43%。本研究结果为酱油渣的饲料化利用提供了必要的数据支持。     

Effect of grape pomace on fermentation quality and aerobic stability of sweet sorghum silage

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of grape pomace (GP) with different adding levels (0%, 5%, 10% and 15%, fresh matter basis), alone (GP‐LAB) or in combine with an inoculant LAB (GP+LAB), on the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of sweet sorghum silage. After 90 days of ensiling in vacuumized mini‐silos, silages were subject to a 7‐day aerobic stability test, in which chemical, microbial and polyphenol composition were measured. In the GP‐LAB group, adding GP decreased (P < 0.05) concentrations of water‐soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and butyric acid in silage. In the GP+LAB group, adding GP increased (P < 0.05) concentrations of lactic acid, WSC and crude protein, decreased (P < 0.05) final pH value, NH₃‐N ratio and butyric acid concentration in silage. Polyphenol level was reduced (P < 0.05) after silage fermentation. During aerobic exposure, the fungi count, pH value and silage temperature increased (P < 0.05), the levels of lactic acid, acetic acid and polyphenols (quercetin 3‐O‐glucoside and quercetin 3‐O‐glucuronid) decreased (P < 0.05) in silage. GP+LAB treated silage had a lag phase for aerobic spoilage. When the fermentation products, microbial counts, chemical and polyphenol composition were considered, the use of 10% GP+LAB at ensiling could provide a valuable source for improved fermentation quality and aerobic stability of sweet sorghum silage.     

An evaluation of the Abaxis VSPro for the measurement of equine plasma fibrinogen concentrations

Reasons for performing study: Accurate measurement of plasma fibrinogen concentrations is an important tool for assessment of horses with inflammatory diseases. Objectives: To determine the precision and accuracy of a benchtop instrument using both fresh and frozen equine plasma by comparing the plasma fibrinogen concentration measured by a benchtop instrument to 2 separate laboratory standard methods (ACL 100 and STA Compact) for fibrinogen measurement. Methods: Accuracy and precision of the VSPro was evaluated using both human fibrinogen standards and samples from horses. Fifty frozen samples from horses with gastrointestinal disease had the fibrinogen concentration measured using the ACL 1000 and the VSPro. Fifty fresh samples were collected from hospitalised horses and fibrinogen concentration was measured using the STA Compact coagulation machine and the VSPro. Correlations for measurements were performed, as well as Bland‐Altman analysis. Results: Coefficients of variability for the VSPro ranged from 7% to 15%. The VSPro fibrinogen values were well correlated to both the ACL 1000 (r = 0.94, P<0.001) and the STA Compact measurements (r = 0.926, P<0.001). Bland‐Altman analysis showed a mean bias of ‐0.83 g/l (95% confidence interval ‐2.03–0.324 g/l) for the ACL 1000 and a mean bias of ‐0.024 g/l (95% confidence interval ‐1.434–1.386 g/l) for the STA Compact. Conclusions: The VSPro appears to have adequate accuracy and precision for clinical measurement of plasma fibrinogen concentrations. Potential relevance: The VSPro provides a measurement of equine plasma fibrinogen concentration using a benchtop instrument with a rapid test time that has comparable accuracy to the fibrinogen concentration obtained from reference laboratories.     

饲料中黄曲霉毒素污染现状、影响因素及其对反刍动物瘤胃微生物发酵的影响

黄曲霉毒素是由生长在温暖潮湿环境中的黄曲霉菌所产生的对人体和畜禽危害性很大的一类毒素,其在饲料中的污染在全世界具有一定的区域性和季节性。尤其在中国南方地区夏季高温高湿条件下极易发生饲料霉菌毒素污染,对中国畜牧养殖业造成了极大的危害和损失。作者主要从黄曲霉毒素的种类、饲料污染现状、影响因素及其对反刍动物瘤胃消化代谢的影响等方面进行了综述。     

枯草芽孢杆菌固体发酵豆粕条件的优化

本试验采用枯草芽孢杆菌对豆粕进行固体发酵,通过正交试验探讨不同碳源组合、发酵时间、培养温度、水分比例、接种菌量等因素对发酵豆粕粗蛋白质增加率和蛋白质水解度的影响。结果表明,影响枯草芽孢杆菌固体发酵豆粕粗蛋白质增加率的条件因素的主次顺序为玉米粉比例>培养时间>温度>麸皮比例>水分比例>次粉比例>接种菌量,表观分析固体发酵条件最佳组合为A₃B₁C₃D₃E₂F₂G₁,粗蛋白质增加率达到28.05%;影响发酵豆粕蛋白质水解率的条件因素的主次顺序为温度>培养时间>玉米粉比例>接种菌量>麸皮比例>次粉比例>水分比例,表观分析固体发酵条件最佳组合为A₂B₃C₁D₃E₃F₃G₁,蛋白质水解度达到46.46%。枯草芽孢杆菌固体发酵豆粕的粗蛋白质增加率与蛋白质水解率存在明显的正相关(R²=0.556)。