Liveweight changes of sheep grazing a range of herbage allowances underPinus radiata agroforestry regimes

A range of improved pasture herbage feed allowances (1 to 5 kg dry matter/head/day) were offered to young sheep, grazing underPinus radiata grown at 0, 50, 100 and 200 stems per hectare. Six trials were conducted, each for 30 days duration between spring 1986 and autumn 1988, at tree age 13–15 years. Mean liveweight gain over all trials for 0 (open pasture), 50, 100 and 200 stems per hectare were 170, 155, 136 and 94 g/sheep/day, respectively. Liveweight gain increased curvilinearly with increasing pasture allowance at all tree stockings and tended to level off above 3 kg green dry matter/head/day. Green matter pasture in vitro digestibility of the green pasture fraction changed little with increasing tree stocking despite changes in pasture composition. Pine needle accumulation under the higher tree stockings depressed the quality of the total feed on offer. Livestock performance under low tree stocking agroforestry regimes can be satisfactory, providing pasture management encourages fresh nutritious feed.     

环境规制对饲料企业经济效益与可持续发展的影响

随着生态环境的持续恶化,绿色经济已成为国家发展经济的重要战略目标。在此背景下,国家对企业环境规制强度持续增加,直接影响了饲料企业的生产活动、资源配置和后续发展。同时,环保领域法律法规的出台进一步规范了企业的环保行为,对企业的经济效益与可持续发展构成影响。本文从饲料企业的角度,详细分析了环境规制对经济效益与可持续发展的作用机理,力求帮助饲料企业做好生态环境治理工作,进而实现经济的高质量发展和生态环境的高水平保护。 [关键词]环境规制|饲料企业|经济效益|可持续发展     

云南12种豆科灌木饲料中主要钙形态分析

通过对云南12种豆科灌木饲料中的多种钙形态进行了分离提取, 并用原子吸收分光光度法对各形态钙的含量进行了测定, 结果表明: 12个树种中有8个树种的可利用钙比率>29%, 其中木兰的无机钙含量>3 000mg/kg,可以作为动物补充钙的饲料树种。     

Cutting management of alley cropped leucaena/gliricidia-Guinea grass mixtures for forage production in southwestern Nigeria

A study was conducted at Fasola (7°45 N and 3°5 E) in southwest Nigeria to determine the best tree cutting scheme for forage production and the effects of hedge configurations on tree, grass and total forage productivity of 6–8-year-old leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala Lam. de Wit) and gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium Walp.)-Guinea grass (Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Ntchisi) mixture. After a uniform cut at the end of January 1990 (mid-dry season), the trees were cut according to the following cutting regimes: one cut after a 12-month regrowth (12M); two cuts after three- and nine-month regrowth (3–9M); two cuts every six months (6-6M); two cuts after nine- and three-month regrowth (9-3M); three cuts, two cuts every three months and the third cut after a six-month regrowth (3-3-6M), and four cuts every three months (3-3-3-3M). Grass was cut every six weeks between April and October followed by a cut in January. The hedge configuration was either one or three hedgerows of mixed stands of leucaena and gliricidia. There were twice as many trees and one-third less grass in the triple than in the single hedgerow hedge configuration.The 3-3-3-3M, 9-3M and 3-3-6M cutting regimes produced the highest total forage (tree foliage + grass) dry matter yields (DM) of 6.54, 5.80 and 5.77 t DM ha^–1 annum^–1, respectively. The magnitude of the difference between the tree forage yields of the triple and single hedgerow plots (16%) did not reflect the theoretical difference in the number of trees (33%) in the two arrangements.     

Studies withGliricidia sepium for crop/livestock production systems in West Africa

This paper reports for progress of research onGliricidia sepium conducted by the Humid Zone Programme (HZP) of the International Livestock Centre for Africa (ILCA) at Ibadan in Southwest Nigeria in the period 1982–1986. It examines the biological characteristics of the species, with respect to growth, flowering and seed production, and analyses its potential for improving crop production (through soil fertility maintenance) and livestock production (through production of improved fodder). Integration ofGliricidia into cropping systems is necessary for optimum realisation of its crop improvement quality. The alley farming system is presented in the paper as one means of achieving sustainability in crop production through integration of trees, such asGliricidia, into cropping systems. The use ofGliricidia in Intensive Feed Gardens, for production of leguminous fodder is also described as an alternative production system. The paper finally reports on experiences with local farmers in on-farm research and development for the integration ofGliricidia andLeucaena into local farming systems. It ends with a suggestion for more research, targetted specifically at improvement of the species and its utilisation.     

Production of Protein Feed from Chicken Manure with Double Strains of Bacteria by Solid State Fermentation

Protein feed are produced from the mixtures of chicken manure and wheat bran with the aspergillus oryzae and geotrichum candidum by solid state fermentation., at the same time, nitrogen source (urea) was added to the culture in the course of the fermentation.The contents of protein and amino nitrogen in the chicken manure feed reach 20.70% and 19.74% and the amino nitrogen in culture change from 56.89% to 95.36%. The feed is very tasty and can replace partial formula feed. The result of feeding pig showed that the average daily gain is increased by 10.83% compared with the control group.     

随机规划与线性规划在饲料配方中的应用比较

在对传统的线性规划方法与随机线性规划方法求解最优饲料配方的结果进行比较分析的基础上,说明在饲养业中应用随机线性规划方法具有明显的生产成本和生态环境优势,可以大幅提高企业的竞争力。     

互助县现代畜牧业生产发展现状和建议

畜牧业是新农村建设的萤要组成部分,加快农区畜牧业发展对于调整农业产业结构,发展农村经济,增加农民收入,加快新农村建设步伐,实现小康社会具有十分重要的意义。当前,随着社会主义市场经济的深入发展和西部大开发战略的有效实施,互助县畜牧业进入了一个新的发展时期,我们既面临着良好的发展条件和机遇,也面临着新的挑战和问题。为抓住机遇,实现畜牧业发展的新突破,推动新农村建设．提出以下建议和思路,以供参考。     

发酵对饲料原料中抗营养因子的影响

饲料对养殖业至关重要,饲料原料种类繁多,其具有一定营养价值的同时,还含有许多抗营养因子,不但会影响饲料的适口性和营养物质的消化、吸收和利用,还会降低动物的生产性能,甚至会危害到动物的生命健康.微生物发酵技术可以降低饲料原料中抗营养因子的含量,还可提高饲料原料的营养价值.本文对发酵技术以及发酵对常见饲料原料中抗营养因子的...     

饲料中水分含量测定方法的探讨

采用国标GB/T6435-1986测定法、国标GB/T6435-2006测定法、SH10A快速测定法对20种饲料进行了测定,并对试验结果进行了分析。结果显示,3种测定法对水分测定结果无显著影响,国标GB/T6435-1986测定法耗时较长,SH10A快速测定法测定时间迅速,但易受外界因素影响。综合考虑,国标GB/T6435-2006测定法在生产一线操作更为理想。