现代生活中的楚雄彝族烤罐茶习俗

彝族的茶文化有着悠久的历史,“烤罐茶”习俗是彝族人在漫长的历史进程中创造出来的文化传统,是彝族火塘茶艺与地域特色文化的有机结合。在彝族人的观念中,“茶”作为生活中的必需品也蕴含着他们图腾崇拜意识、待人接物的礼仪文化和民族之间凝聚力的表达等多种文化因素。新时代背景下,彝族的烤罐茶在历史的发展过程中得到传承,也蕴含着现代人的养生观念。本文以楚雄彝族烤罐茶习俗为研究对象,探索现代生活中的彝族烤罐茶习俗的传承发展及其丰富的文化内涵。     

远东杉苞蚧发生规律与防治的初步研究

通过2004～2005年对远东杉苞蚧生活史的观察,证明该虫在哈尔滨市1年发生1代,以2龄若虫在针叶表面越冬。越冬若虫3月下旬开始活动,5月中下旬为雌雄交配盛期,6月下旬为初孵若虫孵化盛期,8月末1龄若虫开始蜕皮变为2龄若虫。药剂防治试验的研究表明,若虫初孵阶段是药剂防治的最佳时期,并筛选出几种防治效果较好的药剂。     

Fluorescence of Extracts from Argentine Hake (Merluccius hubbsi) Muscle and Its Correlation with Quality Indices During Chilled Storage

Argentine hake (Merluccius hubbsi) was stored chilled for 8 days. The evolution of fluorescence of the aqueous and organic extracts of muscle during storage at 4°C was studied and correlated with common damage indices; pH, total volatile basic nitrogen, free fatty acids, and the fluorescence intensity of the aqueous phase showed a good correlation with storage time. The excitation-emission matrices of the aqueous extracts were also obtained. A fluorescence landscape that could be attributed to tryptophan decreased with storage time, meanwhile a peak (around 340 and 400 nm for excitation and emission wavelengths, respectively) is developed during chilled storage.     

Reproductive performance,survival and development of nauplii and copepodites,sex ratio and adult life expectancy of the harpacticoid copepod,Euterpina acutifrons,fed different microalgal diets

A series of laboratory experiments were conducted on the harpacticoid copepod, Euterpina acutifrons, to assess the influence of 10 different microalgal diets (four monoalgal and six mixed algal diets) on several parameters related to its productivity in culture. The four monoalgal diets were the Tahitian strain of Isochrysis sp. (T‐Iso), Pavlova salina (Pav), Tetraselmis chuii (Tet) and the diatom Chaetoceros muelleri (Chaet), the five binary diets were T‐Iso+Tet, Pav+Tet, T‐Iso+Pav, Tet+Chaet and Pav+Chaet, while the tri‐algal diet was T‐Iso+Tet+Pav. All diets were fed to copepods at 1500 μ gC L^?1 and in the case of binary or trialgal diets, carbon concentration was divided equally between the two or three algae offered. Among monoalgal diets, the diatom Chaet was excellent for E. acutifrons. Out of the 10 diets tested, the binary diet Tet+Chaet, which contained the diatom Chaet, was the best for naupliar production of single pair E. acutifrons (19.5±1.7 nauplii female^?1 day^?1), significantly (P<0.05) higher than all other treatments except for the Chaet treatment (P>0.05). Similarly, in the group naupliar production trial (50 adult E. acutifrons per replicate), Tet+Chaet produced a significantly higher number of nauplii (405.8±18.6 nauplii day^?1) than the other treatments (P<0.05). Tet+Chaet further supported the highest naupliar survival (82.0±2.8%) and copepodite survival (89.0±2.8%), while the mono‐algal diet Chaet produced the second highest naupliar (76.7±2.6%) and copepodite survival (83.5±2.6%). In contrast, Pav produced the lowest overall survival at the naupliar stage (30.0±2.9%), significantly lower than all other treatments (P<0.05). While development from newly hatched nauplii to copepodites was not significantly affected by diets, mean development time from nauplius to adult was significantly different among treatments. Mean development time from hatching (naupliar I stage; NI) to the adult stage was the fastest with Tet+Chaet and Chaet (6.8±0.0 days for both treatments), which was significantly faster than that of Pav, T‐Iso Pav+Tet and T‐Iso+Pav+Te treatment (P<0.05). E. acutifrons sex ratio was significantly affected by diets, and always skewed in favour of males. Feeding on Pav resulted in the lowest proportion of females (23.7±1.2%), significantly lower than for six of the other treatments (P<0.05). Adult females had longer average life expectancy than males for all treatments, and were the longest when fed Tet+Chaet (9.5±0.4 days), which was more than twice as long as the shortest lifespan recorded for the Pav treatment (4.2±0.6 days) (P<0.05). In summary, among 10 diets tested, the binary diet Tet+Chaet appeared to support the highest culture productivity of E. acutifrons while the diatom Chaet also performed well as a monoalgal diet.     

不同贮藏温度下大菱鲆品质变化及货架期预测模型的建立

为探究大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)在不同贮藏温度下品质特性与货架期的关系,将大菱鲆贮藏在-3℃、0℃、4℃、10℃和15℃温度下,测定其感官品质、挥发性盐基总氮(TVB-N)、菌落总数、硫代巴比妥酸值(TBA)、电导率的变化,并且观测肌肉的微观结构;采用低场核磁共振技术(Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance, LF-NMR)分析鱼肉中水分迁移状况,并且建立了TVB-N及菌落总数与贮藏时间和温度的动力学模型。研究发现,随着贮藏时间的延长,5种不同贮藏温度下鱼肉中不易流动水均减少,货架期终点各贮藏温度下的样品相对于新鲜鱼肉,其肌纤维结构均由紧密变得疏松;TVB-N和菌落总数变化预测模型中的活化能和指前因子分别为79.50、75.07 kJ/mol和1.3×10^14、7.62×10^12。选用10℃进行验证性试验,结果显示实测值与预测值相对误差在10%以内。因此,可根据TVB-N值及菌落总数对大菱鲆贮藏在-3℃~15℃的货架期进行实时预测。     

Life-history variation in perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) in five neighbouring Norwegian lakes

Abstract – We have studied the population dynamics and reproductive biology of perch ( Perca fluviatilis L.) from five neighbouring lakes in Norway. The lakes vary in water quality, varying from strongly acidified (pH≤5.0) to not acidified (pH≥6.0). Estimated annual survival rates did not differ among populations. There was no strong relationship between age at maturity in female perch and acidification. However, age at maturity was lower for female perch from the most acidic lake ( c . 2 years) compared with perch in the four other lakes (2.5–3.5 years). There was no relationship between acidification level and size-adjusted egg size, fecundity or reproductive investment (Gonadosomatic index – GSI). Perch in the most acidified lake showed large variation in egg size, the lowest length-specific fecundity, the highest GSI, and the lowest age at maturity. Environmental stress, such as acidification, induces a number of changes to a lake community. It is therefore difficult to predict how acidification will influence the population dynamics and reproductive biology of a perch population.     

淡水蚌类发生与发育研究进展

淡水蚌类是水域生物多样性的重要组成部分,对水体的物质循环和能量流动起着巨大的作用,且具有较高的营养、经济和生态价值.由于栖息环境的改变、过度捕捞、水体污染、缺少寄生鱼和受到外来物种的入侵,其资源状况不容乐观.而且它们繁殖生物学具有特殊,生活周期较长,这就给全面把握其完整生活史带来困难.本文综述了国内外有关淡水蚌类配子的发生、胚胎发育、寄生,稚蚌、幼蚌以及成蚌的生长发育研究的最新进展,旨在总体上了解其生活史全过程的特点及繁殖生物学意义,从而为淡水蚌类资源保护和增殖以及生物指示物的开发提供参考.     

Methods of assessing extinction risk in marine fishes

The decline and disappearance of species from large parts of their former geographical range has become an important issue in fisheries ecology. There is a need to identify which species are at risk of extinction. The available approaches have been subject to considerable debate – particularly when applied to commercially exploited species. Here we have compiled methods that have been used or may be used for assessing threat status of marine organisms. We organize the methods according to the availability of data on the natural history, ecology and population biology of species. There are three general approaches to inferring or assessing extinction risk: (i) correlative approaches based on knowledge of life histories and ecology; (ii) time‐series approaches that examine changes in abundance; and (iii) demographic approaches based on age‐ or stage‐based schedules of vital rates and fisheries reference points. Many methods are well suited to species that are highly catchable and/or have relatively low productivity, but theory is less well developed for assessing extinction risk in species exhibiting narrow geographical distributions or ecological specialization. There is considerable variation in both definitions of extinction risk and the precision and defensibility of the available risk assessment methods, so we suggest a two‐tiered approach for defining and assessing extinction risk. First, simple methods requiring a few easily estimated parameters are used to triage or rapidly assess large numbers of populations and species to identify potentially vulnerable populations or species. Second, the populations and species identified as vulnerable by this process can then be subject to more detailed and rigorous population analysis explicitly considering sources of error and uncertainty.     

浅谈疲劳与保健

近年来,越来越多的人因为对更高的物质生活追求而承受着巨大的工作压力,从而忽视了健康.大多数人都处于亚健康的状态.从日常生活出发,分析了健康对人类的重要性,以期有助于处于亚健康的人群.     

浅谈疲劳与保健

近年来,越来越多的人因为对更高的物质生活追求而承受着巨大的工作压力,从而忽视了健康。大多数人都处于亚健康的状态。从日常生活出发,分析了健康对人类的重要性,以期有助于处于亚健康的人群。