两个地理种群蠋蝽的生物学特性差异比较

蠋蝽Arma chinensis Fallou是一种优良的捕食性天敌昆虫, 在多种农林害虫的生物防治中发挥着重要作用?为明确不同地理来源的蠋蝽种群的生物学特征, 指导蠋蝽的扩繁及在不同地区的释放应用, 本研究测定并比较了河北廊坊和贵州六盘水两个地区蠋蝽种群的表观形态?发育历期?成虫寿命和繁殖能力等生物学指标?结果表明, 贵州六盘水蠋蝽种群的体型显著大于河北廊坊种群; 河北廊坊蠋蝽种群的若虫期虽长于贵州六盘水种群, 但二者无显著差异; 河北廊坊种群配对饲养的雄虫和单雌饲养的雌虫其寿命显著长于贵州六盘水种群, 配对饲养的雌虫寿命两种群间无显著差异; 两个种群蠋蝽雌虫均在羽化后5~8 d进入产卵高峰期, 贵州六盘水种群的产卵前期较短, 且配对饲养条件下其单雌产卵量显著高于河北廊坊种群?     

小菜蛾响应60Co-γ辐照的实验室种群生命表

为明确⁶⁰Co-γ亚不育剂量辐照对小菜蛾Plutella xylostella种群数量动态变化的影响,构建小菜蛾种群动态变化模型,在实验室条件下通过建立小菜蛾生命表获得种群特征参数、个体生理指标,预测亚不育剂量辐照对小菜蛾种群的影响。结果显示,亚不育剂量辐照组的羽化率显著高于完全不育剂量组,与空白对照组无显著差异,各处理羽化率无性别差异,亚不育剂量辐照组F1代孵化率显著低于空白对照组。亚不育剂量辐照组种群各阶段发育历期、存活率及繁殖力生命指标低于空白对照组。小菜蛾亚不育剂量辐照组世代平均历期(19.90 d)、世代净生殖率(2.35)、周限增长率(1.04 d-1)、内禀增长率(0.04 d-1)均低于空白对照组,而种群加倍时间(16.16 d)高于空白对照组。空白对照组世代平均历期、每日单雌产卵量与产卵时间均长于亚不育剂量辐照组。辐照组与对照组种群生命表参数对比,表明亚不育剂量降低了小菜蛾种群世代数和幼虫期的个体存活率,使F1代雌虫个体数减少。     

EFFECT OF HIGH LOADS IN THE BRIDGE LOAD SPECTRUM ON FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH OF 16 Mn STEEL

This paper studies an effect of high loads in Rayleigh distribution random load-ing on fatigue crack growth wi th 16 Mn steel compact tenion specimen,The results show that thehigh loads in the load spectrum close to service load of steel bridges accelerate crack growth and re-duce crack growth life,Lives predicted with constant amplitude da/dn data and equivalent loads arequite in agreement with test lives.     

THE STUDY OF STRAIN FATIGUE CRACK PROPAGATION BEHAVOURS OF VANADIUM BEARING HSLA STEEL

In this paper, the strain fatigue: crack propagation rates of vanadium bearing HSLA steel with different micro-structures are measured under constant load conditions, and the relationship between the crack propagation rate and the microstructures of steel is also studied.     

Approaches to enhance power density of gearboxes for wind turbines

Based on pitting strength, some approaches to enhance power density of gearboxes for wind turbines are discussed. The calculation load is greatly reduced by power division. Allowable stress numbers are effectively increased by improving property of quality materials, precision heat treatment or shot peening. Load capacities can be also obviously enhanced by improving the tooth shape of morphology optimization of tooth root, tooth correction or superfinishing of tooth surface. The center distance is effectively decreased by minishing minimum allowable safety factor or enlarging face width. The power density of gearbox can be further improved by means of structure optimization of planet carrier or uniform load of planetary gear transmission.     

A Research of Life Cycle Integrated Management Pattern of Construction Project

Development Management (DM) in decision phase, Project Management on behalf of the owner (OPM) in implementation phase and Facility Management (FM) in operation phase are three isolated management tools during traditional life cycle management of construction project. As a result, a lot of potential disadvantages are aroused. In recent years, many research organizations try to reform the traditional method using different integration means. This paper tries to explore into integration of DM, OPM and FM to overcome the malpractice of traditional life cycle management of construction project. The research focuses on three aspects: 1.putting forward the concept of Life Cycle Integrated Management (LCIM), based on management integration theory; 2. Raising a new idea to owner's (operator's) management organization design, which emphasizes on the balance of life cycle objectives; 3. Analyzing an information module, level and method of system integration of Life Cycle Integrated Management Information System.     

基于有限元技术的疲劳寿命分析

叙述了有限元技术在疲劳寿命预测中的应用和一般的分析过程;着重介绍了疲劳载荷历程的合成规则和表面节点应力状态的判断方法;归纳评述了常用的多轴疲劳损伤模型;针对结构中普遍存在的焊缝焊点给出了具体的疲劳寿命分析方法;最后给出驱动桥壳疲劳寿命分析实例,计算结果和试验数据基本一致,说明基于有限元法的疲劳寿命预测是切实可行的,可以降低成本,缩短研发周期。